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[[File:Church of the East provinces 10 c.svg|thumb|Pembagian administratif Gereja di Timur pada abad ke-10]]
[[File:Mural of a Cleric of the Church of the East.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Rohaniwan Gereja di Timur, gambar dari abad ke-9 yang ditemukan pada dinding istana Almukhtar di [[Samara]], Irak]]
Sesudah rezim kulawangsa Sasani [[Penaklukan Persia oleh Muslim|ditumbangkan bangsa Arab Muslim]] pada tahun 644, rezim [[kekhalifahan Rasyidin|Khilafaur Rasyidin]] yang baru terbentuk secara resmi menetapkan Gereja di Timur sebagai kelompok minoritas ''[[dzimmi|zimi]]'' yang dikepalai Batrik di Timur.<!-- AsSeperti withsemua allkelompok othermasyarakat ChristianYahudi anddan JewishKristen groupsaliran givenlain theyang samediberi status zimi, theGereja churchdi wasTimur restricteddibatasi withinberkiprah thedi Caliphate,dalam butwilayah alsokhilafah givensaja, atetapi degreediberi ofperlindungan protection.sampai Nestorianstaraf weretertentu. Umat notNestorian permittedtidak todiizinkan [[proselytiseproselitisme|berdakwah]] orkepada attemptwarga toMuslim convertmaupun Muslims,menerima butwarga theirMuslim missionariesyang werehendak otherwisememeluk givenagama aKristen, freetetapi handpara misionarisnya justru diberi keleluasaan untuk berkarya, andsehingga theyusaha-usaha increaseddakwah missionarymereka effortskian farthermaju afielddan meluas. MissionariesPara establishedmisionaris diocesesmemprakarsai berdirinya keuskupan-keuskupan indi [[India]] (theumat [[SaintKristen ThomasSanto ChristiansTomas]]).<!-- They made some advances in [[Egypt]], despite the strong [[Monophysite]] presence there, and they entered [[Central Asia]], where they had significant success converting local [[Tartars]]. Nestorian missionaries were firmly established in China during the early part of the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907); the Chinese source known as the [[Nestorian Stele]] describes a mission under a proselyte named [[Alopen]] as introducing Nestorian Christianity to China in 635. In the 7th century, the church had grown to have two Nestorian [[archbishops]], and over 20 bishops east of the Iranian border of the [[Amu Darya|Oxus River]].{{sfn|Foster|1939|p=33}}
 
Patriarch [[Timothy I (Nestorian Patriarch)|Timothy I]] (780–823), a contemporary of the Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]], took a particularly keen interest in the missionary expansion of the Church of the East. He is known to have consecrated metropolitans for Damascus, for [[Armenia (East Syrian Diocese)|Armenia]], for Dailam and Gilan in Azerbaijan, for [[Rai (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|Rai]] in Tabaristan, for Sarbaz in Segestan, for the [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] of Central Asia, for China, and possibly also for [[Tibet]]. He also detached India from the metropolitan province of [[Fars (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|Fars]] and made it a separate metropolitan province, known as [[India (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|India]].{{sfn|Fiey|1993|p=47 (Armenia), 72 (Damascus), 74 (Dailam and Gilan), 94–6 (India), 105 (China), 124 (Rai), 128–9 (Sarbaz), 128 (Samarqand and Beth Turkaye), 139 (Tibet)}} By the 10th century the Church of the East had a number of dioceses stretching from across the Caliphate's territories to India and China.<ref name=Britannica/>
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