Konsensus ilmiah tentang perubahan iklim: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.5 |
Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6 |
||
Baris 79:
<!--ref name="2010_tpgmarapr18">[http://64.207.34.58/StaticContent/3/TPGs/2010_TPGMarApr.pdf "Climate Change and Society Governance"], ''The Professional Geologist'', March/April 2010, p. 33</ref-->
<ref name="A Survey of the Perspectives of Climate Scientists Concerning Climate Science and Climate Change">{{cite web |first1=Dennis |last1=Bray |first2=Hans |last2=von Storch |year=2009 |url=http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/pdf/CliSci2008.pdf |title=A Survey of the Perspectives of Climate Scientists Concerning Climate Science and Climate Change |access-date=2019-06-26 |archive-date=2012-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206011432/http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/pdf/CliSci2008.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="AAP ''Global Climate Change and Children's Health''">{{citation |url=http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;120/5/1149 |title=AAP ''Global Climate Change and Children's Health'' |year=2007 |access-date=2009-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722104801/http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;120/5/1149 |archive-date=2009-07-22 |dead-url=yes |df= }} "There is broad scientific consensus that Earth's climate is warming rapidly and at an accelerating rate. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, are very likely (>90% probability) to be the main cause of this warming. Climate-sensitive changes in ecosystems are already being observed, and fundamental, potentially irreversible, ecological changes may occur in the coming decades. Conservative environmental estimates of the impact of climate changes that are already in process indicate that they will result in numerous health effects to children. Anticipated direct health consequences of climate change include injury and death from [[extreme weather events]] and [[natural disasters]], increases in climate-sensitive [[infectious diseases]], increases in [[Air Pollutions Effect on Pulmonary diseases and Children|air pollution–related illness]], and more heat-related, potentially fatal, illness. Within all of these categories, children have increased vulnerability compared with other groups."</ref>
Baris 109:
<ref name="aipg17">{{cite web |title=The Professional Geologist publications |url=http://www.aipg.org/Publications/TPGPublic.html |accessdate=2012-07-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305085445/http://www.aipg.org/Publications/TPGPublic.html |archivedate=2012-03-05}}</ref>
<ref name="amap">{{cite web |url=http://amap.no/acia/ |title=ACIA Display |publisher=Amap.no |accessdate=2012-07-30 |archive-date=2010-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214135239/http://amap.no/acia/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="AMA ''Climate Change and Human Health'' — 2004. Revised 2008.">{{citation |url=http://www.ama.com.au/node/4442 |title=AMA ''Climate Change and Human Health'' — 2004. Revised 2008. |year=2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216083701/http://ama.com.au/node/4442 |archivedate=2009-02-16 |df= }} "The world's climate – our life-support system – is being altered in ways that are likely to pose significant direct and indirect challenges to health. While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases. Health impacts of climate change include the direct impacts of extreme events such as storms, floods, [[Heat wave|heatwaves]] and fires and the indirect effects of longer-term changes, such as drought, changes to the [[Food security|food]] and [[water supply]], resource conflicts and population shifts. Increases in average temperatures mean that alterations in the geographic range and seasonality of certain infections and diseases (including vector-borne diseases such as [[malaria]], [[dengue fever]], [[Ross River virus]] and food-borne infections such as [[Salmonellosis]]) may be among the first detectable impacts of climate change on human health. Human health is ultimately dependent on the health of the planet and its ecosystem. The AMA believes that measures which mitigate climate change will also benefit public health. Reducing GHGs should therefore be seen as a public health priority."</ref>
Baris 121:
<ref name="American Medical Association Policy Statement">{{citation |url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/20275.html |title=American Medical Association Policy Statement |year=2008}} "Support the findings of the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, which states that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that these changes will negatively affect public health. Support educating the medical community on the potential adverse public health effects of global climate change, including topics such as population displacement, flooding, infectious and vector-borne diseases, and healthy water supplies."</ref>
<ref name="ametsoc">{{cite web |url=http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2012climatechange.html |title=AMS Information Statement on Climate Change |publisher=Ametsoc.org |date=2012-08-20 |accessdate=2012-08-27 |archive-date=2018-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411014511/http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2012climatechange.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="ametsoc22">{{cite web|url=http://www.ametsoc.org/POLICY/climatechangeresearch_2003.html |title=Climate Change Research: Issues for the Atmospheric and Related Sciences Adopted by the AMS Council 9 February 2003 |publisher=Ametsoc.org |date=2003-02-09 |accessdate=2012-07-30}}</ref>
Baris 137:
<ref name="australiancoralreefsociety">{{cite web|url=http://www.australiancoralreefsociety.org/ |title=Australian Coral Reef Society |publisher=Australian Coral Reef Society |accessdate=2012-07-30}}</ref>
<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web | url=http://www.interacademies.net/File.aspx?id=4825 | title=Joint statement by the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) to the G8 on sustainability, energy efficiency and climate change | year=2007 | accessdate=2012-08-28 | publisher=Network of African Science Academies | format=PDF | archive-date=2017-06-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609114053/http://www.interacademies.net/File.aspx?id=4825 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="australiancoralreefsociety24">[http://www.australiancoralreefsociety.org/pdf/chadwick605a.pdf Australian Coral Reef Society official letter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322170802/http://www.australiancoralreefsociety.org/pdf/chadwick605a.pdf |date=2006-03-22 }}, June 16, 2006</ref>
Baris 268:
<!--ref name="stateclimate15">[http://www.stateclimate.org/publications/files/aascclimatepolicy.pdf Policy Statement on Climate Variability and Change] by the American Association of State Climatologists (AASC)</ref-->
<ref name="AR4-warming-unequivocal">"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level." IPCC, [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/main.html Synthesis Report], [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains1.html Section 1.1: Observations of climate change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804231804/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/mains1.html |date=2018-08-04 }}, in {{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 SYR|2007}}.</ref>
<ref name="Warming 'very likely' human-made">{{cite news |title=Warming 'very likely' human-made |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6321351.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC |date=2007-02-01 |accessdate=2007-02-01 }}</ref>
Baris 296:
<!-- The following sources are referred to using the harvnb template -->
* {{Citation
|year = 2001
|author = Ipcc tar syr
|author-link = IPCC
|title = Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report
|series = Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the [[IPCC Third Assessment Report|Third Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|editor1 = Watson, R. T.
|editor2 = the Core Writing Team |publisher = Cambridge University Press |url
|isbn = 0-521-80770-0
|accessdate = 2019-06-26
|archive-date = 2018-11-03
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181103153646/http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/vol4/english/index.htm
|dead-url = yes
}} (pb: {{ISBNT|0-521-01507-3}}).
* {{Citation
|