Demokrasi sosial: Perbedaan antara revisi

Akibat dari [[krisis energi 1970-an]], ditinggalkannya [[standar emas]] dan [[sistem Bretton Woods]] bersama dengan kebijakan ekonomi campuran demokrat sosial Keynesian serta implementasi kebijakan [[Ekonomi berorientasi pasar|berorientasi pasar]], [[Monetarisme|monetaris]] dan [[Neoliberalisme|neoliberal]] ([[privatisasi]], [[deregulasi]], [[perdagangan bebas]], [[globalisasi ekonomi]], [[kebijakan fiskal]] anti-[[inflasi]], dan lainnya), negara kesejahteraan demokrat sosial menjadi diragukan.<ref>Lewis, Jane; Surender, Rebecca (2004). ''Welfare State Change: Towards a Third Way?''. Oxford University Press.</ref> Hal ini menyebabkan partai-partai demokrat sosial mengadopsi [[Jalan Ketiga]], ideologi yang menggabungkan [[progresivisme]] dan [[liberalisme sosial]] dengan neoliberalisme.{{sfn|Whyman|2005}} Bagaimanapun, [[Resesi Besar]] pada akhir 2000-an dan awal 2010-an menimbulkan keraguan pada apa yang dinamakan [[Konsensus Washington]] dan [[gerakan antipengetatan anggaran|protes]] terhadap langkah [[pengetatan anggaran]] terjadi, menyebabkan kebangkitan partai-partai dan kebijakan demokrat sosial, khususnya di Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya dengan [[Bernie Sanders]] dan [[Jeremy Corbyn]], yang menolak demokrasi sosial Jalan Ketiga, <ref name="Tarnoff">Tarnoff, Ben (12 July 2017). [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jul/12/social-media-socialism-jeremy-corbyn-bernie-sanders "How social media saved socialism"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 14 May 2019. "Socialism is stubborn. After decades of dormancy verging on death, it is rising again in the westIn the UK, Jeremy Corbyn just led the Labour party to its largest increase in vote share since 1945 on the strength of its most radical manifesto in decades. In France, the leftist Jean-Luc Melenchon recently came within two percentage points of breaking into the second round of the presidential election. And in the US, the country's most famous socialist – Bernie Sanders – is now its most popular politician. [...] For the resurgent left, an essential spark is social media. In fact, it's one of the most crucial and least understood catalysts of contemporary socialism. Since the networked uprisings of 2011 – the year of the Arab spring, Occupy Wall Street and the Spanish indignados – we've seen how social media can rapidly bring masses of people into the streets. But social media isn't just a tool for mobilizing people. It's also a tool for politicizing them."</ref><ref name="Huges">Huges, Laura (24 February 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair/12171297/Tony-Blair-admits-he-cant-understand-the-popularity-of-Jeremy-Corbyn-and-Bernie-Sanders.html "Tony Blair admits he can't understand the popularity of Jeremy Corbyn and Bernie Sanders"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 14 May 2019. "In a joint ''Guardian'' and ''Financial Times'' interview, Mr Blair said he believed some of Mr Sanders' and Mr Corbyn's success was due to the "loss of faith in that strong, centrist progressive position", which defined his own career. He said: "One of the strangest things about politics at the moment – and I really mean it when I say I'm not sure I fully understand politics right now, which is an odd thing to say, having spent my life in it – is when you put the question of electability as a factor in your decision to nominate a leader, it's how small the numbers are that this is the decisive factor. That sounds curious to me."</ref><ref name="NBC">[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/democratic-socialism-hits-heartland-ocasio-cortez-sanders-campaign-deep-red-n893076 "Democratic socialism hits the heartland: Ocasio-Cortez, Sanders to campaign in deep-red Kansas"]. NBC News. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2019.</ref> setelah [[resesi ekonomi]] yang diakibatkan oleh apa yang disebut [[Pasokifikasi]] oleh berbagai partai demokrat sosial.<ref name="Pasokification1">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22025714 "How Greece's once-mighty Pasok party fell from grace"].</ref><ref name="Pasokification2">[https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21695887-centre-left-sharp-decline-across-europe-rose-thou-art-sick "Rose thou art sick"].</ref><ref name="Pasokification3">[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/22/jeremy-corbyn-labour-anti-austerity-manifesto "Jeremy Corbyn has defied his critics to become Labour's best hope of survival"].</ref><ref name="Pasokification4">[https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2018/02/germany-s-spd-may-have-signed-its-death-warrant "Germany's SPD may have signed its death warrant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052342/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2018/02/germany-s-spd-may-have-signed-its-death-warrant |date=2018-10-31 }}.</ref><ref name="Pasokification5">[https://www.economist.com/britain/2018/06/30/why-labour-is-obsessed-with-greek-politics "Why Labour is obsessed with Greek politics"].</ref>

: {{cite conference|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ces/conferences/left/left_papers/berman.pdf|title=Understanding Social Democracy|last=Berman|first=Sheri|author-mask1={{long dash}}|year=2008|conference=What's Left of the Left: Liberalism and Social Democracy in a Globalized World|conference-url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ces/conferences/left/left_papers.html|publisher=Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|accessdate=29 January 2016|ref=harv|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195218/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ces/conferences/left/left_papers/berman.pdf|dead-url=yes}}

: {{cite book|last=Heywood|first=Andrew|year=2012|title=Political Ideologies: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalideolog0000heyw_r1d6|edition=5th|location=Basingstoke, England|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn= 978-0-230-36725-8|ref=harv}}