Malaysia Airlines Penerbangan 370: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Pada 17 Maret, terungkap bahwa pesan terakhir ACARS pukul 01:07 tidak berarti bahwa sistem pesawat dimatikan pada saat itu juga seperti yang diduga sebelumnya.<ref name="outofcontrolvideos.com"/> Otoritas Malaysia mengatakan bahwa ACARS dimatikan antara 01:07 dan kontak terjadwal ACARS selanjutnya yang berakhir pukul 01:37.<ref>{{cite web|author=Woodrow Bellamy III |url=http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/commercial/Malaysian-PM-Clarifies-MH370-Avionics-Disablement_81658.html |title=Avionics Magazine :: Malaysian PM Clarifies MH370 Avionics Disablement |publisher=Aviationtoday.com |date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
Tanggal 20 Maret, Perdana Menteri Australia, [[Tony Abbott]], mengumumkan di hadapan parlemen bahwa dua objek yang mungkin terkait dengan pesawat, salah satunya sepanjang {{convert|24|m|ft|abbr=on}}, tertangkap oleh satelit di Samudra Hindia pada tanggal 16 Maret, {{convert|2500|km|mi|abbr=on}} di barat daya [[Perth]] (koordinat {{coord|44|03|02|S|91|13|27|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}), yang kedalaman lautnya bisa mencapai {{convert|5000|m}}.<ref name="abbot20march" /><ref name=NZH>{{cite news|title=Missing plane: Objects spotted in water|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11223181|accessdate=20 March 2014|newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=NBCNews>{{cite news|title=Possible Parts of Missing Jet Spotted Off Australia: Prime Minister|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-jet/possible-parts-missing-jet-spotted-australia-prime-minister-n57296|accessdate=20 March 2014|newspaper=[[NBC]] News|date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=Kelly>{{cite news|last=Kelly|first=Ross|title=Australia Says Satellites Identified Objects Possibly Related to Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20140319-713424.html|accessdate=20 March 2014|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322145636/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20140319-713424.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Pesawat patroli laut]] Lockheed P-3 Orion <!-- No need to be specific, an AP-3 is just a P-3 with Australian sensor equipment --> milik Australia tiba di daerah tersebut pada pukul 02:50 UTC. Kapal [[HMAS Success (OR 304)|HMAS ''Success'']] milik AL Australia, kapal AL Myanmar, pesawat patroli laut Boeing P-8 Poseidon angkatan laut Amerika Serikat, dua pesawat Orion (satu dari Australia dan satu lagi dari Selandia Baru), dan satu pesawat kargo Lockheed C-130 Hercules juga diterbangkan ke wilayah tersebut.<ref name="AMSA6">{{cite web|url=http://www.amsa.gov.au/media/documents/20032014MediaReleasePossibleDebrisFoundMH370.pdf|title=Search operation for Malaysia airlines aircraft: Update 6|publisher=Australian Maritime Safety Authority|access-date=2014-03-24|archive-date=2014-03-20|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OCwc8fCM?url=http://www.amsa.gov.au/media/documents/20032014MediaReleasePossibleDebrisFoundMH370.pdf|dead-url=unfit}}()</ref> Dua pesawat kargo militer [[Ilyushin Il-76]] milik Tiongkok<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-03/22/c_133206079.htm|title=Two Chinese Il-76s fly to Australia from Malaysia to search for missing plane|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://australianaviation.com.au/2014/03/chinese-il-76s-join-perth-based-mh370-search/|title=Chinese Il-76s join Perth-based MH370 search|publisher=Australian Aviation|date=22 March 2014}}</ref> dan dua Orion milik Jepang tiba di [[RAAF Base Pearce]] bergabung untuk membantu tim pencari.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-03/23/c_133207947.htm|title=Two Japanese military aircraft arrive in Perth|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=23 March 2014}}</ref> Pesawat terbang dan kapal penumpang juga membantu pencarian.<ref name="AMSA6"/><ref name="AMSA11">{{cite web|url=http://amsa.gov.au/media/documents/21032014_MediaRelease_Update11MH370.pdf|title=Search operations resume for Malaysia Airlines MH370: Update 11|publisher=Australian Maritime Safety Authority|date=23 March 2014|access-date=2014-03-24|archive-date=2014-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324031752/https://www.amsa.gov.au/media/documents/21032014_MediaRelease_Update11MH370.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/the-search-for-missing-malaysia-airlines-plane-mh370-20140321-356k3.html|title=The search for missing Malaysia Airlines plane MH370|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=21 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/topline-jets-join-australian-hunt-for-missing-plane-20140322-35adi.html|title=Topline jets join Australian hunt for missing plane|work=The Canberra Times|date=23 March 2014|access-date=2014-03-24|archive-date=2014-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520025043/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/topline-jets-join-australian-hunt-for-missing-plane-20140322-35adi.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Tanggal 22 Maret, sebuah citra satelit Tiongkok yang direkam empat hari sebelumnya dirilis dan memperlihatkan kemungkinan serpihan pesawat sekitar {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} di barat daya wilayah yang ditampilkan di citra sebelumnya.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/world/missing-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370-floating-debris-spotted-by-chinese-satellite-image-20140322-35ap6.html Missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370: Floating debris spotted by Chinese satellite image] ''The Sydney Morning Herald''</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-22/mh370-new-debris-china-satellites-malaysia/5339092 Malaysia Airlines MH370: Chinese satellites spot new possible debris from missing plane] ''Australian Broadcast Corporation''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26697048 |title=BBC News, 22 March 2014 |publisher=BBC |date=1 January 1970}}</ref> Ukuran objek tersebut diperkirakan {{convert|22.5|x|13|m|ft|abbr=on}}, di koordinat {{coord|44|57|29|S|90|13|43|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}, dekat salah satu [[titik 45×90]] kira-kira {{convert|3170|km|mi|abbr=on}} di barat daya Perth.
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* Uni Emirat Arab: dua pesawat pencarian dan penyelamatan militer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/missing-malaysia-airlines-latest-update-uae-armed-forces-now-part-of-search-2014-03-18-1.541573|title=Missing Malaysia Airlines latest update: UAE Armed Forces now part of search|publisher=Emirates 24/7 News|date=18 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/uae-armed-forces-join-search-for-missing-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370|title=UAE Armed Forces join search for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=17 March 2014|accessdate=19 March 2014}}</ref>
* Britania Raya: tim penyidik [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]] (AAIB).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/03/14/missing-mh370-british-team-arrives-to-assist-in-probe/|title=Missing MH370: Britain's air accident investigation team arrives|work=The Star|date=14 March 2014|accessdate=16 March 2014}}</ref> [[HMS Echo (H87)|HMS ''Echo'']] – a multi-role hydrographic survei ship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2014-03-20/uk-sending-hms-echo-to-assist-in-malaysia-plane-search/|title=UK sending HMS Echo to assist in Malaysia plane search|publisher=[[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]|date=21 March 2014|accessdate=21 March 2014}}</ref>
* Amerika Serikat: pesawat P-3 Orion dan Boeing P-8 angkatan laut;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=79729 |title=US Navy's P-8A Poseidon Arrives in Australia, Continues MH370 Search |publisher=U.S. Seventh Fleet Public Affairs |date=19 March 2014 |
* Vietnam: [[Antonov An-26]], [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]], [[Mil Mi-171]], dan kapal angkatan laut, penjaga pantai, pengendali perikanan, dan Maritime Search & Rescue Coordination Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/rsaf-launches-plane-to/1025404.html |title=RSAF sends plane to search for missing Malaysia Airlines aircraft |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=8 March 2014}}</ref>
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Dua tiket sekali jalan yang dibeli untuk pemegang paspor curian tersebut dipesan melalui [[China Southern Airlines]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/world/asia/malaysia-airlines-flight.html|title=Passport Theft Adds to Mystery of Missing Malaysia Airlines Jet|author1=Keith Bradsher|author2=Eric Schmitt|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=9 March 2014}}</ref> Dilaporkan bahwa seorang warga negara Iran memesan tiket termurah ke Eropa melalui telepon di Bangkok, Thailand, dan tiket tersebut dibayar tunai.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mezzofiore|first=Gianluca|title=Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Iranian Middleman Asked Thai Agent to Book Tickets on Stolen Passports|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/missing-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370-iranian-middleman-asked-thai-agent-book-two-stolen-1439631|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=International Business Times|date=10 March 2014|location=UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/10/world/asia/malaysia-airlines-plane/index.html|title='There are no answers': Days later, no sign of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370|publisher=CNN|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> Dua penumpang ini kemudian diidentifikasi sebagai warga negara Iran, masing-masing berusia 19 dan 29 tahun, yang masuk ke Malaysia tanggal 28 Februari menggunakan paspor Iran yang sah. Kepala Interpol mengatakan bahwa organisasinya "menolak menyimpulkan bahwa [hilangnya pesawat] bukan insiden teroris".<ref name="BBC Iranian" /> Kedua pria tersebut diyakini sebagai [[pencari suaka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/latest/font-color-red-missing-mh370-font-man-with-stolen-passport-on-jet-is-asylum-seeker-1.507657 |title=MISSING MH370: Man with stolen passport on jet is asylum seeker – Latest |work=New Straits Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Saeed Kamali Dehghan |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/11/passengers-malaysian-plane-mh370-iranian-forged-passports |title=Iranians travelling on flight MH370 on forged passports 'not linked to terror' |work=The Guardian }}</ref>
''[[China Daily]]'' melaporkan bahwa ada juga seorang penumpang di manifest Malaysia Airlines yang tidak cocok dengan nama pemegang dan nomor paspornya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fuzhou.chinadaily.com.cn/e/2014-03/09/content_17336720.htm |title=Malaysia Airlines boarding record on Chinese passenger questioned |work=China Daily |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=2014-03-25 |archive-date=2014-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328221905/http://fuzhou.chinadaily.com.cn/e/2014-03/09/content_17336720.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Menyadari bahwa pesawat ini mungkin dibajak oleh seseorang yang terampil, dugaan juga sempat diarahkan kepada seorang penumpang yang bekerja sebagai teknisi penerbangan untuk sebuah perusahaan penyewaan jet Swiss.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-police-probe-flight-engineer-missing-mh370-20140317 |title=Malaysia police probe flight engineer on missing MH370 |work=The Straits Times |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=2014-03-25 |archive-date=2014-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324063320/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-police-probe-flight-engineer-missing-mh370-20140317 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
=== Pilot ===
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=== Kargo ===
Tanggal 17 Maret, kepala eksekutif Malaysia Airlines, Ahmad Jauhari Yahya, tanpa mengungkap manifest penerbangan mengatakan bahwa pesawat ini mengangkut 3 sampai 4 ton [[manggis]] dan tidak ada muatan yang berbahaya.<ref name=20140319mchron>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=246351:new-theory-was-a-small-bomb-hidden-inside-one-of-the-crates-of-fruit-stacked-in-mh370s-cargo-hold?&Itemid=2 |title=Was a small BOMB hidden inside MH370's cargo hold? AND WHY HASN'T M'SIA REVEALED THE CARGO MANIFEST? |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com |date=19 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=20140322minsider>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/not-just-mangosteens-on-board-mh370-also-carried-lithium-ion-batteries-says|title=Not just mangosteens on board, MH370 also carried lithium-ion batteries, says daily|newspaper=[[The Malaysian Insider]]|date=22 March 2014|access-date=2014-03-25|archive-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905194013/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/not-just-mangosteens-on-board-mh370-also-carried-lithium-ion-batteries-says|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/missing-mh370-plane-was-carrying-3-tonnes-mangosteens|title=Malaysia News | AsiaOne|publisher=News.asiaone.com|date=18 March 2014|access-date=2014-03-25|archive-date=2014-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323203054/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/missing-mh370-plane-was-carrying-3-tonnes-mangosteens|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tiga hari kemudian, ia juga membenarkan bahwa baterai mudah terbakar yang diidentifikasi sebagai [[baterai lithium-ion|lithium-ion]] juga berada di dalam pesawat.<ref name=DM2014>{{cite news|last=Tomlinson|first=Simon|title=Missing jet WAS carrying highly flammable lithium batteries: CEO of Malaysian Airlines finally admits to dangerous cargo four days after DENYING it|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2586308/Missing-jet-WAS-carrying-highly-flammable-lithium-batteries-CEO-Malaysian-Airlines-finally-admits-dangerous-cargo.html|accessdate=23 March 2014|newspaper=[[Daily Mail]]|date=22 March 2014}}</ref> Ia menambahkan bahwa semua kargo "dikemas sesuai peraturan ICAO", diperiksa beberapa kali, dan sudah mematuhi peraturan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/missing-mh370-carried-lithium-ion-batteries-cargo-not-seen-dangerous-201|title=Missing MH370 carried lithium ion batteries as cargo but not seen as 'dangerous'|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]]|date=21 March 2014|access-date=2014-03-25|archive-date=2014-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321140015/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/missing-mh370-carried-lithium-ion-batteries-cargo-not-seen-dangerous-201|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/03/22/Missing-MH370-Lithium-non-dangerous/|title=Missing MH370: Lithium ion batteries deemed non-dangerous goods|newspaper=[[The Star Online]]|date=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="NBC2014">[http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-jet/missing-jet-was-carrying-potentially-flammable-batteries-ceo-n58541 Missing Jet was Carrying Potentially Flammable Batteries: CEO] NBC News 21 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.</ref>
Pemerintah Malaysia menolak permintaan pengungkapan manifest kargo MH370 secara terperinci. Negara dan pihak pencari yang terlibat dalam proses pencarian dan penemuan di laut mengungkapkan rasa frustrasi mereka. [[Australian Maritime Safety Authority|AMSA]] menyatakan kekhawatirannya karena kerahasiaan manifest tersebut bisa mengganggu upaya pencarian di Samudra Hindia.<ref name=NewsLimited25314>{{cite web|title=Malaysia’s unwillingness to release the full cargo manifest from missing Flight MH370 will hamper the search effort|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/malaysias-unwillingness-to-release-the-full-cargo-manifest-from-missing-flight-mh370-will-hamper-the-search-effort/story-fnizu68q-1226863022091|work=news.com.au|publisher=News Limited|accessdate=25 March 2014|date=24 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325145423/http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/malaysias-unwillingness-to-release-the-full-cargo-manifest-from-missing-flight-mh370-will-hamper-the-search-effort/story-fnizu68q-1226863022091|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Kritik dan tanggapan ==
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Vietnam menunda sementara operasi pencariannya setelah Wakil Menteri Transportasi Vietnam mengaku pejabat Malaysia sedikit sekali berkomunikasi meski mereka meminta informasi lebih lanjut.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harlan|first=Chico|date=11 March 2014|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/search-expands-for-missing-malaysia-airlines-flight/2014/03/11/fea6df4a-a8e8-11e3-8599-ce7295b6851c_story.html|title=Malaysia Airlines plane may have veered wildly off course during flight, military says|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah Tiongkok, melalui [[Xinhua News Agency]], mengatakan bahwa pemerintah Malaysia harus memimpin dan melaksanakan operasi dengan transparansi yang lebih besar.<ref name=20140314afp/> Pernyataan ini ditegaskan kembali oleh [[Menteri Luar Negeri Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Menteri Luar Negeri Tiongkok]] beberapa hari kemudianː "Bantulah semua pihak dalam [operasi] pencarian supaya lebih efektif dan akurat."<ref>{{cite news|date=14 March 2014|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/china-appeals-malaysia-search-information|title=China appeals to Malaysia for search information|work=Associated Press|accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref> Pertanyaan dan kritik dilontarkan oleh berbagai pakar angkatan udara dan oposisi Malaysia tentang kondisi angkatan udara dan kemampuan radar Malaysia saat ini.<ref>{{cite web |author=Malaysia Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/mh370-throws-spotlight-on-malaysias-air-force-and-radar-capabilities |title=MH370 throws spotlight on Malaysia's air force and radar capabilities |publisher=The Malaysian Insider |date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2014-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905215528/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/mh370-throws-spotlight-on-malaysias-air-force-and-radar-capabilities |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Childs |first=Nick |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26603830 |title=Missing Malaysia plane: MH370 and the military gaps |publisher=BBC |date=1 January 1970}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/257320 |title=Malaysiakini |publisher=Malaysiakini}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' menulis bahwa seandainya MAS memasang sistem [[SwiftBroadband|Swift]] yang pernah membantu pelacakan Air France 447, para penyelidik bisa memperoleh informasi kritis tentang pesawat ini sekalipun sistem ACARS dan transpondernya mati.<ref>{{cite web|last=Halsey III|first=Ashley|author2=Higham, Scott |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/malaysia-airlines-didnt-buy-computer-upgrade-that-could-have-given-data-on-missing-flight/2014/03/19/40e2484c-af7c-11e3-a49e-76adc9210f19_story.html |title=Malaysia Airlines didn't buy computer upgrade that could have given data on missing flight |work=The Washington Post |date=20 March 2013}}</ref>
Kritik juga diarahkan pada penundaan upaya pencarian. Sebuah laporan di ''The Wall Street Journal'' menulis bahwa perusahaan satelit Britania Raya, [[Inmarsat]], telah menyediakan data kepada pihak berwenang sejak 11 Maret, tiga hari setelah pesawat hilang, artinya pesawat tersebut memang tidak berada di Teluk Thailand dan Laut Tiongkok Selatan yang waktu itu sedang disisir, dan mungkin mengalihkan penerbangannya melalui koridor selatan dan utara. Informasi tersebut baru diakui dan dirilis di hadapan publik oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia Najib Razak pada konferensi pers tanggal 15 Maret.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pasztor|first=Andy|author2=Ostrower, Jon|author3=Hookway, James
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