Pengguna:Aranmaan!!/sandbox: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Aranmaan!! (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Pengembalian manual Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
Aranmaan!! (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan pranala ke halaman disambiguasi |
||
Baris 85:
#[[Yeo Min-jeong (pengisi suara)]]
#[[Yoo Jimi (Shinbi's House)]]
==Relations with non-Slavic people==
{{See also|Baltic Slavic piracy|Narentines|Germania Slavica}}
[[File:The foundation of the BG.png|thumb|upright|[[First Bulgarian Empire]], the [[Bulgars]] were a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] semi-nomadic warrior tribe that became Slavicized in the 7th century AD]]
Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day [[Ukraine]]), they had contacts with the Iranian [[Sarmatians]] and the Germanic [[Goths]]. After their subsequent spread, the Slavs began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were [[Prehistory of Southeastern Europe|Paleo-Balkan]] peoples, such as Romanized and [[Hellenization|Hellenized]] ([[Jireček Line]]) [[Illyrians]], [[Thracians]] and [[Dacians]], as well as [[Greeks]] and [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Scordisci]] and [[Serdi]].<ref>''The Cambridge Ancient History'', Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0521227178}}, 1992, page 600: „In the place of the vanished Treres and Tilataei we find the Serdi for whom there is no evidence before the first century BC. It has for long being supposed on convincing linguistic and archeological grounds that this tribe was of Celtic origin.“</ref> Because Slavs were so numerous, most indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. Thracians and Illyrians mixed as ethnic groups in this period. A notable exception is Greece, where [[Sclaveni#Relationship between the Slavs in Byzantium|Slavs were Hellenized]] because [[Byzantine Greeks|Greeks]] were more numerous, especially with more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the influence of the church and administration,{{sfn|Fine|1991|p=41}} however, Slavicized regions within [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], [[Thrace]] and [[Moesia Inferior]] also had a larger portion of locals compared to migrating Slavs.<ref>Florin Curta's An ironic smile: the Carpathian Mountains and the migration of the Slavs, Studia mediaevalia Europaea et orientalia. Miscellanea in honorem professoris emeriti Victor Spinei oblata, edited by George Bilavschi and Dan Aparaschivei, 47–72. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2018.</ref> Other notable exceptions are the territory of present-day [[Romania]] and [[Hungary]], where Slavs settled en route to present-day Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and [[East Thrace]] but assimilated, and the modern [[Albanians|Albanian]] nation which claims descent from Illyrians and other Balkan tribes.
Ruling status of [[Bulgars]] and their control of land cast the nominal legacy of the [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian country and people]] onto future generations, but Bulgars were gradually also Slavicized into the present-day South Slavic ethnic group known as [[Bulgarians]]. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities retained their culture and language for a long time.{{sfn|Fine|1991|p=35}} Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages, but, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.
In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic [[Gepids]] intermarried with invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} In Central Europe, the West Slavs intermixed with [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]], [[Hungarians|Hungarian]], and [[Celts|Celtic]] peoples, while in Eastern Europe the East Slavs had encountered [[Baltic Finns|Finnic]] and [[Varangians|Scandinavian people]]s. Scandinavians ([[Varangians]]) and Finnic peoples were involved in the [[Kievan Rus'|early formation of the Rus' state]] but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some [[Finnic peoples|Finnic]] tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population.{{sfn|Balanovsky|Rootsi|2008|pp=236—250}} In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribes, such as the [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] and the [[Pecheneg]], caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north.<ref name="The course of the Russian history2">{{cite book |last=Klyuchevsky |first=Vasily |date=1987 |chapter-url=http://www.kulichki.com/inkwell/text/special/history/kluch/kluch16.htm |title=The course of the Russian history |chapter=1: Mysl |language=ru |isbn=5-244-00072-1 |access-date=9 October 2009}}</ref> In the Middle Ages, groups of [[Saxons|Saxon]] ore miners settled in medieval [[Bosnia]], [[Serbia]] and [[Bulgaria]], where they were Slavicized.
''[[Saqaliba]]'' refers to the Slavic [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] and [[Slavery|slave]]s in the medieval Arab world in [[North Africa]], [[Sicily]] and [[Al-Andalus]]. Saqaliba served as caliph's guards.<ref name="fordham2">{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html |title=ch 1 |author=Lewis |year=1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010401012040/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html |archive-date=1 April 2001}}</ref><ref>Eigeland, Tor. 1976. [http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/197605/the.golden.caliphate.htm "The golden caliphate"]. ''Saudi Aramco World'', September/October 1976, pp. 12–16.</ref> In the 12th century, [[Baltic Slavic piracy|Slavic piracy in the Baltics]] increased. The [[Wendish Crusade]] was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147, as a part of the [[Northern Crusades]]. The pagan chief of the Slavic [[Obotrites|Obodrite]] tribes, [[Niklot]], began his open resistance when [[Lothar III]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]], invaded Slavic lands. In August 1160 Niklot was killed, and German colonization (''[[Ostsiedlung]]'') of the Elbe-Oder region began. In [[Hanoverian Wendland]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] and [[Lusatia]], invaders started [[germanization]]. Early forms of germanization were described by German monks: [[Helmold]] in the manuscript ''[[Chronicon Slavorum]]'' and [[Adam of Bremen]] in ''[[Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum]].''<ref name="britannica2">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/639735/Wend |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507201210/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/639735/Wend |archive-date=2008-05-07 |title=Wend |website=Britannica.com |date=13 September 2013 |access-date=4 April 2014}}</ref> The [[Polabian language]] survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of [[Lower Saxony]].<ref name="britannica42">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Polabian-language |title=Polabian language |website=Britannica.com |access-date=4 April 2014}}</ref> In [[Eastern Germany]], around 20% of Germans have historic Slavic paternal ancestry, as revealed in Y-DNA testing.<ref>{{cite journal|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2013|title=Contemporary paternal genetic landscape of Polish and German populations: from early medieval Slavic expansion to post-World War II resettlements|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=21|issue=4|pages=415–22|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2012.190|pmc=3598329|pmid=22968131}}</ref> Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin.<ref>{{cite journal|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2006|title=Y-chromosomal STR haplotype analysis reveals surname-associated strata in the East-German population|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=14|issue=5|pages=577–582|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201572|pmid=16435000|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[History of the Cossacks|Cossacks]], although Slavic and practicing [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]], came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including [[Tatars]] and other peoples. Initially, the Cossacks were a mini-[[subethnos]], but now they are less than 5%, and most of them live in the south of Russia.<ref>[https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-01.pdf The number of Cossacks according to the 2010 census].</ref> The [[Gorals]] of southern [[Poland]] and northern [[Slovakia]] are partially descended from Romance-speaking [[Vlachs]], who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of [[Moravian Wallachia]] also descended from the Vlachs. Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued towards Southeast Europe, attracted by the riches of the area that became the state of [[Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]], a few remained in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe and were assimilated into the [[Hungarian people|Magyar]] people. Numerous river and other place names in [[History of Romania|Romania]] have Slavic origin.<ref name="alexandru2">[[Alexandru Xenopol]], ''Istoria românilor din Dacia Traiană'', 1888, vol. I, p. 540</ref>{{better source|date=April 2015}}
| |||