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==Sebagai kereta kecepatan tinggi==
SomeSejumlah ofkereta theberkecepatan moretinggi famousyang electriccukup multipleterkenal unitsadalah in the world are high-speed trainsKRL: the Italian [[Pendolino]] anddan [[Frecciarossa 1000]] di Italia, [[Shinkansen]] indi JapanJepang, the [[China Railway High-speed]] indi ChinaTiongkok, [[ICE 3]] indi GermanyJerman, and theserta British Rail [[British Rail Class 395|classClass 395]] Javelin. Thedi retiredBritania NewRaya. York–WashingtonLayanan ''[[Metroliner (Amtrak)|Metroliner]]'' servicerelasi New York–Washington yang kini telah pensiun, firstpertama operatedkali bydijalankan theoleh [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] anddan laterkemudian byoleh [[Amtrak]], alsojuga featuredmenghadirkan high-speed electric multiple-unit cars,KRL knownberkecepatan astinggi thebernama [[Budd Metroliner]].
==Pengembangan sel bahan bakar==
EMUsSaat poweredini KRL bybertenaga [[fuelsel cellbahan bakar]]s aresedang under developmentdikembangkan. IfBila successfulsukses, thiskebutuhan wouldlistrik avoidaliran theatas needmaupun forrel anketiga [[overheadsudah line]]tak ordiperlukan [[third rail]]lagi. An example isContohnya, [[AlstomCoradia iLint]]’s, bertenaga [[hydrogenhidrogen]]-powered, dikembangkan oleh [[Coradia iLintAlstom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalrailnews.com/2017/10/24/in-depth-what-you-need-to-know-about-alstoms-hydrogen-powered-coradia-ilint/|title=What you need to know about Alstom's hydrogen-powered Coradia iLint - Global Rail News|date=24 October 2017|website=globalrailnews.com}}</ref> TheIstilah term"kereta [[hydrail]]bertenaga hashidrogen" beenditujukan coinedpada for hydrogen-poweredkereta railjenis vehiclesini.
==Kereta rel baterai==
Banyak [[kereta rel baterai]] dijalankan di seluruh dunia. Kereta ini dapat berjalan dalam dua mode: dengan menggunakan energi baterai yang terpasang, dan dengan mengambil arus dari kabel listrik aliran atas atau rel ketiga. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, baterai dapat diisi saat mengambil arus listrik.
Many [[Battery electric multiple unit|battery electric multiple units]] are in operation around the world, with the take up being strong. Many are bi-modal taking energy from onboard battery banks and line pickups such as overhead wires or third rail. In most cases the batteries are charged via the electric pickup when operating on electric mode.
==Perbandingan dengan lokomotif==
EMUs,Bila whendibandingkan compared withdengan [[electriclokomotif locomotivelistrik]]s, offerKRL memiliki keunggulan:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Drives Electric Multiple Units? |url=http://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr17/pdf/f40_technology.pdf |last=Hata |first=Hiroshi |website=Railway Technology Today}}</ref>
*Perlajuan yang lebih tinggi, karena banyak motor yang bahu-membahu membagi beban, sehingga memungkinkan luaran daya motor total yang lebih tinggi.
*Higher acceleration, since there are more motors sharing the same load, more motors allows for a higher total motor power output
*Pengereman, termasuk [[arus Eddy]], pengereman [[Rheostat|rheostatik]], dan/atau regeneratif pada beberapa gandar sekaligus, dapat mencegah keausan rem (mengingat keausan dapat didistribusikan di antara banyak rem) dan memungkinkan pengereman yang lebih cepat (jarak pengereman lebih dekat).
*Braking, including [[Eddy current brake|Eddy current]], [[Dynamic braking#Rheostatic braking|rheostatic]] and/or [[Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]] on multiple axles at once, greatly reducing wear on brake parts (as the wear can be distributed among more brakes) and allowing for faster braking (lower/reduced braking distances)
*Beban gandar berkurang, mengingat tidak perlu lagi lokomotif berat; sehingga memungkinkan struktur lebih sederhana dan lebih murah yang menggunakan lebih sedikit prasarana (seperti jembatan dan viaduk) dan biaya pemeliharaan strukturnya lebih rendah.
*Reduced axle loads, since the need for a heavy locomotive is eliminated; this in turn allows for simpler and cheaper structures that use less material (like bridges and viaducts) and lower structure maintenance costs
*Mengurangi getaran tanah.
*Reduced ground vibrations, due to the above
*Koefisien adhesinya rendah untuk gandar berpenggeraknya, karena beratnya rendah pada gandar-gandar tersebut sehingga beratnya tidak terfokus pada lokomotif.
*Lower adhesion coefficients for driving (powered) axles, due to lower weight on these axles; weight is not concentrated on a locomotive
*Tingkat redundansinya tinggi - kinerja hanya terpengaruh dengan kegagalan salah satu motor atau rem.
*A higher degree of redundancy - performance is only minimally affected following the failure of a single motor or brake
*Tempat duduknya berkapasitas tinggi, karena tak ada lokomotif; semua kereta memiliki tempat duduk
*Higher seating capacity, since there is no locomotive; all cars can contain seats.
Sementara lokomotif listrik memiliki keunggulan terhadap KRL sebagai berikut:
Electric locomotives, when compared to EMUs, offer:
*Memerlukan sedikit peralatan listrik sehingga biaya produksi dan pemeliharaannya bisa ditekan.
*Less electrical equipment per train resulting in lower train manufacturing and maintenance costs
*Bunyinya kurang bising dan minim guncangan di kereta penumpang, karena tak ada motor atau kotak roda gerigi pada bogie di bawah sarana
*Easily allows for lower noise and vibration in passenger cars, since there are no motors or gearboxes on the bogies below the cars
==Lihat pula==
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