Hujan: Perbedaan antara revisi

Wilayah khatulistiwa dekat [[Zona Konvergensi Intertropis]] (ITCZ), atau truf monsun, adalah wilayah terbasah di dunia. Setiap tahun, sabuk hujan di wilayah tropis bergerak ke utara pada bulan Agustus, kemudian bergerak kembali ke selatan menuju [[Belahan Bumi Selatan]] pada bulan Februari dan Maret.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jisao.washington.edu/data/ud/africa/|publisher=[[University of Washington]]|title=Africa Rainfall Climatology|author=Todd Mitchell|date=October 2001|accessdate=2010-01-02|archive-date=2014-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904082933/http://jisao.washington.edu/data/ud/africa/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Di Asia, hujan tersebar di seluruh wilayah selatan benua ini dari kawasan timur dan timur laut India hingga Filipina dan Cina selatan sampai Jepang karena monsun mengadveksikan kelembapan dari [[Samudera Hindia]] ke wilayah ini.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://airsea-www.jpl.nasa.gov/publication/paper/CARRS-ms5.pdf|title=Monsoon, Orography, and Human Influence on Asian Rainfall|journal=Proceedings of the First International Symposium in Cloud-prone & Rainy Areas Remote Sensing (CARRS), Chinese University of Hong Kong|author=W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang|publisher=[[National Aeronautic and Space Administration]] [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]|year=2006|accessdate=2010-01-04|archive-date=2020-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106215706/https://airsea-www.jpl.nasa.gov/publication/paper/CARRS-ms5.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Truf monsun dapat memanjang ke utara hingga [[garis paralel utara ke-40|garis paralel ke-40]] di Asia Timur pada bulan Agustus sebelum bergerak ke selatan. Pergerakannya ke kutub ini didorong oleh monsun musim panas yang ditandai dengan munculnya tekanan udara rendah ([[tekanan rendah panas]]) di kawasan terpanas Asia.<ref name="NCFMRF">{{cite web|author=National Centre for Medium Range Forecasting|date=2004-10-23|url=http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in/Chapter-II.pdf|title=Chapter-II Monsoon-2004: Onset, Advancement and Circulation Features|publisher=India Ministry of Earth Sciences|accessdate=2008-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161408/http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in/Chapter-II.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=1999-08-11|url=http://www.abc.net.au/storm/monsoon/print.htm|title=Monsoon|accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref> Sirkulasi monsun sejenis, namun lebih lemah, terjadi di [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=David J. Gochis, Luis Brito-Castillo, and W. James Shuttleworth|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6C-4GX0CS2-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1155477058&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=39b2d61a04776e3b1b2b56071cdb5b2a|title=Hydroclimatology of the North American Monsoon region in northwest Mexico|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.021|date=2006-01-10|pages=53–70|volume=316|journal=[[Journal of Hydrology]]|accessdate=2010-01-05|issue=1–4}}</ref><ref>[[Bureau of Meteorology]]. [http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/sa/giles/climate.shtml Climate of Giles.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811064933/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/sa/giles/climate.shtml |date=2008-08-11 }} Retrieved on 2008-05-03.</ref> Pada musim panas, monsun Barat Laut bersama kelembapan [[Teluk California]] dan [[Teluk Meksiko]] bergerak mengitari [[pegunungan subtropis]] di Samudera Atlantik, mengangkut badai petir sore dan malam di wilayah selatan Amerika Serikat dan [[Dataran Besar]].<ref name="JHorel"/> Daratan Amerika Serikat di sebelah timur [[garis meridian barat ke-98|meridian ke-98]], pegunungan [[Barat Laut Pasifik]], dan [[Sierra Nevada (AS)|Sierra Nevada]] adalah wilayah terbasah di negara ini, dengan curah hujan rata-rata melebihi {{convert|30|in|mm}} per tahun.<ref name="USatl">NationalAtlas.gov [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/precipitation.html Precipitation of the Individual States and of the Conterminous States.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315074458/http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/precipitation.html |date=2010-03-15 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-09.</ref> [[Siklon tropis]] mendorong terjadinya hujan di seluruh wilayah selatan Amerika Serikat,<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=21888982|title=The Contribution of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones to the Rainfall Climatology of the Southwest United States|author=Kristen L. Corbosiero, Michael J. Dickinson, and Lance F. Bosart|journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]]|issn=0027-0644|volume=137|pages=2415–2435|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|issue=8|doi=10.1175/2009MWR2768.1|year=2009}}</ref> serta [[Puerto Riko]], [[Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Serikat]],<ref>[[Central Intelligence Agency]]. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vq.html The World Factbook – Virgin Islands.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213185418/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vq.html |date=2016-02-13 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-19.</ref> [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]],<ref>[[BBC]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060215051256/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004880 Weather Centre - World Weather - Country Guides - Northern Mariana Islands.] Retrieved on 2008-03-19.</ref> [[Guam]], dan [[Samoa Amerika]].