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===Margasatwa===
{{utama|Margasatwa Peru}}
[[File:Rupicola peruvianus Gallito de roca andino Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock (male) (13995875991).jpg|left|thumb|200x200px350px|[[AndeanAyam cock-of-the-rockjantan Andes]], Peru'sburung nationalnasional birdPeru]]
Because of its varied geography and climate, Peru has a high biodiversity with 21,462 species of plants and animals reported as of 2003, 5,855 of them [[endemism|endemic]],<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005'', p. 50.</ref> and is one of the [[megadiverse]] countries. ▼
▲BecauseKarena ofgeografi itsdan variediklimnya geographyyang and climatebervariasi, Peru hasmemiliki keanekaragaman ahayati highyang biodiversitytinggi withdengan 21 ,.462 speciesspesies oftumbuhan plantsdan andhewan animalsyang reporteddilaporkan aspada oftahun 2003, dan sebanyak 5 ,.855 ofdi antaranya themmerupakan [[ endemism|endemicendemik]],<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005'', p. 50.</ref> anddan ismerupakan onesalah ofsatu thenegara [[ Negara megadiversitas|megadiverse]] countries.
Peru has over 1,800 [[species]] of birds (120 [[Endemism|endemic]]), over 500 species of [[mammal]]s, over 300 species of reptiles, and over 1,000 species of freshwater [[fishes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peruwildlife.info/|title=Peru Wildlife: Portal for information about wildlife and ecotourism in Peru|website=www.peruwildlife.info|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-date=17 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123112/http://www.peruwildlife.info/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Ortega, H., Hidalgo, M., Correa, E., Espino, J., Chocano, L., Trevejo, G., ... & Quispe, R. (2012). Lista anotada de los peces de aguas continentales del Peru. Estado actual del conocimiento, distribución, usos y aspectos de conservación. Lima, Perú: Ministerio del Ambiente</ref> The hundreds of mammals include rare species like the [[Puma (genus)|puma]], [[jaguar]] and [[spectacled bear]]. The Birds of Peru produce large amounts of [[guano]], an economically important export. The Pacific holds large quantities of [[bass (fish)|sea bass]], [[flounder]], [[anchovies]], [[tuna]], [[crustacean]]s, and [[shellfish]], and is home to many sharks, [[sperm whale]]s, and whales.<ref name="selectlatam">{{cite web | url=http://www.selectlatinamerica.co.uk/destinations/peru/wildlife | title=Peru: Wildlife | publisher=Select Latin America | access-date=16 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226200532/http://www.selectlatinamerica.co.uk/destinations/peru/wildlife | archive-date=26 February 2010}}</ref> ▼
▲Peru hasmemiliki overlebih dari 1 ,.800 [[ speciesspesies]] of birdsburung (120 diantaranya [[ Endemism|endemicendemik]]), overlebih 500dari species500 ofspesies [[ mammalmamalia]] s, overlebih dari 300 speciesspesies of reptilesreptil, anddan overlebih dari 1 ,.000 species of freshwaterspesies [[ fishesikan]] air tawar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peruwildlife.info/|title=Peru Wildlife: Portal for information about wildlife and ecotourism in Peru|website=www.peruwildlife.info|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-date=17 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123112/http://www.peruwildlife.info/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Ortega, H., Hidalgo, M., Correa, E., Espino, J., Chocano, L., Trevejo, G., ... & Quispe, R. (2012). Lista anotada de los peces de aguas continentales del Peru. Estado actual del conocimiento, distribución, usos y aspectos de conservación. Lima, Perú: Ministerio del Ambiente</ref> TheRatusan hundredsmamalia oftermasuk mammalsspesies includelangka rare species like theseperti [[Puma (genus)|puma]], [[jaguar]] anddan [[ spectacledberuang bearberkacamata]]. The Birds ofBurung Peru producemenghasilkan largesejumlah amounts ofbesar [[guano]], anekspor economicallyyang importantpenting exportsecara ekonomi. The Pacific holdsPasifik largemenyimpan quantitiessejumlah ofbesar [[bass ( fishikan)|sea bass]], [[flounder]], [[ anchoviesikan teri]], [[tuna]], [[crustacean]] s, anddan [[ shellfishkerang]], anddan ismerupakan homerumah tobagi manybanyak sharkshiu, [[ spermpaus whalesperma]] s, anddan whalespaus.<ref name="selectlatam">{{cite web | url=http://www.selectlatinamerica.co.uk/destinations/peru/wildlife | title=Peru: Wildlife | publisher=Select Latin America | access-date=16 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226200532/http://www.selectlatinamerica.co.uk/destinations/peru/wildlife | archive-date=26 February 2010}}</ref>
Peru also has an equally diverse [[Flora of Peru|flora]]. The coastal deserts produce little more than [[cacti]], apart from hilly [[lomas|fog oases]] and river valleys that contain unique plant life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dillon|first1=Michael O.|title=The solanaceae of the lomas formations of coastal Peru and Chile|url=http://www.sacha.org/solanaceae/lomas_solanaceae.pdf|website=sacha.org|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-date=13 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713202506/http://www.sacha.org/Solanaceae/Lomas_Solanaceae.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Highlands above the tree-line known as [[Puna grassland|puna]] is home to bushes, [[cactus]], drought-resistant plants such as [[Jarava ichu|ichu]], and the largest species of [[bromeliad]] – the spectacular [[Puya raimondii]].
The cloud-forest slopes of the Andes sustain [[moss]], [[orchid]]s, and bromeliads, and the [[Amazon rainforest]] is known for its variety of trees and canopy plants.<ref name="selectlatam" /> Peru had a 2019 [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 8.86/10, ranking it 14th globally out of 172 countries.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|display-authors=1|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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== Politik ==
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