Kudeta Burkina Faso Januari 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi

Sebuah kudeta terjadi di [[Burkina Faso]] pada 23 Januari 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso's writer-colonel coup leader starts a new chapter in country's history|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220125-burkina-faso-s-writer-colonel-coup-leader-starts-a-new-chapter-in-country-s-history|access-date=26 January 2022|publisher=France 24|language=en|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125221347/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220125-burkina-faso-s-writer-colonel-coup-leader-starts-a-new-chapter-in-country-s-history|url-status=live}}</ref> Tembakan meletus di depan kediaman presiden di ibukota Burkinabé, [[Ouagadougou]] dan beberapa barak militer di sekitar kota.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso: Shots heard near presidential palace|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60102087|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124014120/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60102087|url-status=live}}</ref> Tentara dilaporkan telah menguasai pangkalan militer di ibukota.<ref name=DWheavy>{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso: Heavy gunfire heard near president's house|url=https://www.dw.com/en/burkina-faso-heavy-gunfire-heard-near-presidents-house/a-60528316|access-date=24 January 2022|publisher=Deutsche Welle|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124002115/https://www.dw.com/en/burkina-faso-heavy-gunfire-heard-near-presidents-house/a-60528316|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, pemerintah membantah ada kudeta yang sedang berlangsung di negara itu.<ref name=coup-denied>{{cite news |date=24 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/23/gunshots-heard-in-several-burkina-faso-army-barracks |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=24 January 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124055119/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/23/gunshots-heard-in-several-burkina-faso-army-barracks |url-status=live }}</ref> Beberapa jam kemudian, Presiden [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]] dilaporkan telah ditahan oleh tentara di kamp militer di ibukota.<ref name=president-detained>{{cite news |date=24 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso president reportedly detained by military |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60109234 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=24 January 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124084116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60109234 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 24 Januari, militer mengumumkan di televisi bahwa Kaboré telah digulingkan dari posisinya sebagai presiden.<ref name="deposed">{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso army says it has deposed President Kabore|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-army-says-it-has-deposed-president-kabore|access-date=24 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124180712/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-army-says-it-has-deposed-president-kabore|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah pengumuman itu, militer menyatakan bahwa parlemen, pemerintah, dan konstitusi telah dibubarkan.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|date=24 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso military says it has seized power|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60118993|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124180553/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60118993|url-status=live}}</ref> Kudeta dipimpin oleh perwira militer [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Paul-Henri Damiba, leader of the Burkina Faso coup?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/25/burkina-faso-coup-leader-paul-henri-sandaogo-damiba|access-date=25 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125113530/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/25/burkina-faso-coup-leader-paul-henri-sandaogo-damiba|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sebuah pernyataan dari akun [[Twitter]] Roch Marc Christian Kaboré mendesak dialog dan mengundang tentara lawan untuk meletakkan senjata, tetapi tidak membahas apakah dia ditahan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=24 January 2022|title=Mutinous soldiers say they detained Burkina Faso's president|url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-burkina-faso-ouagadougou-roch-marc-christian-kabore-32e6bd66b5c0ee76631f7d53b308fb6c|access-date=24 January 2022|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124103758/https://apnews.com/article/africa-burkina-faso-ouagadougou-roch-marc-christian-kabore-32e6bd66b5c0ee76631f7d53b308fb6c|url-status=live}}</ref> Sementara itu, tentara dilaporkan mengepung stasiun berita negara [[Radio Télévision du Burkina|RTB]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=24 January 2022|title=Soldiers seen outside Burkina Faso state TV after mutinies|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220124-soldiers-seen-outside-burkina-faso-state-tv-after-mutinies|access-date=24 January 2022|publisher=France 24|language=en|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124111935/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220124-soldiers-seen-outside-burkina-faso-state-tv-after-mutinies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Agence France-Presse|AFP News]] melaporkan presiden telah ditangkap bersama dengan pejabat pemerintah lainnya.<ref name=AJdetained>{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso President Kaboré 'detained' by mutinous soldiers|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers|access-date=24 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124094604/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers|url-status=live}}</ref> Dua pejabat keamanan mengatakan di barak Sangoulé Lamizana di ibu kota, "Presiden Kaboré, kepala parlemen, dan para menteri secara jelas berada di tangan para prajurit".<ref name=AJdetained/> Kapten militer Sidsore Kader Ouedraogo mengatakan Gerakan Patriotik untuk Pengamanan dan Pemulihan "telah memutuskan untuk memikul tanggung jawabnya terhadap sejarah." Dalam sebuah pernyataan, dia mengatakan tentara mengakhiri kepresidenan Kaboré karena situasi keamanan yang memburuk di tengah [[Pemberontakan Jihadis di Burkina Faso|pemberontakan Jihadis]] yang semakin parah dan ketidakmampuan presiden untuk mengatasi krisis. Dia juga mengatakan para pemimpin militer baru akan bekerja untuk membuat jadwal "yang dapat diterima oleh semua orang" untuk mengadakan [[Pemilihan di Burkina Faso|pemilihan]] baru, tanpa memberikan rincian lebih lanjut.<ref name=":0" /> [[Masyarakat Ekonomi Negara-Negara Afrika Barat|ECOWAS]] dan [[Uni Afrika]] menangguhkan keanggotaan Burkina Faso setelah kudeta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ECOWAS suspends Burkina Faso over military coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/28/ecowas-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup|access-date=28 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128173758/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/28/ecowas-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera.com">{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|access-date=31 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> Pada tanggal 31 Januari, junta militer memulihkan konstitusi dan menunjuk Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba sebagai presiden sementara.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso restores constitution, names coup leader president|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/burkina-faso-restores-constitution-names-coup-leader-president|access-date=31 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref>

Setelah [[Perang Saudara Libya|Perang Saudara Libya Pertama]] dan bersamaan intervensi [[Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara|NATO]] pada tahun 2011, serangan Jihadis di Burkina Faso dan negara tetangga [[Mali]] menjadi lebih sering. Sejak 2015, Burkina Faso telah memerangi [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIS]] dan [[Al Qa'idah|al-Qaeda]] di beberapa bagian negara itu. Namun, personel militer mengeluhkan kurangnya peralatan militer dan logistik.<ref name=B>{{Cite news|date=25 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso coup: Why soldiers have overthrown President Kaboré|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60112043|access-date=26 January 2022|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126053031/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60112043|url-status=live}}</ref> Hal ini menyebabkan ketidakpuasan di antara jajaran militer, yang anggotanya mengkritik kurangnya upaya pemerintah memerangi kelompok-kelompok jihadis.<ref name=B/> Mantan analis politik [[Badan Intelijen Pusat|CIA]] Michael Shurkin menyatakan tentara "tidak lengkap dan tidak siap" untuk pertempuran.<ref name=kabore-detained>{{cite news |date=24 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=24 January 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124103330/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers |url-status=live }}</ref>

Roch Marc Christian Kaboré terpilih untuk masa jabatan keduanya sebagai presiden dalam [[Pemilihan umum Burkina Faso 2020|pemilihan umum Burkinabé 2020]]. Pemerintah Kaboré menghadapi protes reguler karena penanganan krisis Jihadis yang sedang berlangsung di negara itu. Pada bulan Desember 2021, Perdana Menteri [[Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré]] dipecat dari jabatannya di tengah meningkatnya krisis keamanan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2021|title=Burkina Faso PM ousted following protests over jihadist violence|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20211208-burkina-faso-pm-dabire-ousted-following-protests-over-jihadist-violence|access-date=8 December 2021|publisher=France 24|language=en|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208224419/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20211208-burkina-faso-pm-dabire-ousted-following-protests-over-jihadist-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 22 Januari 2022, protes anti-pemerintah meletus di ibu kota. Para pengunjuk rasa dilaporkan marah dengan ketidakmampuan pemerintah untuk menghentikan serangan bersenjata di seluruh negeri. Beberapa pengunjuk rasa meminta pengunduran diri Presiden Kaboré.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso forces fire tear gas at anti-government protests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/22/burkina-faso-forces-fire-tear-gas-at-anti-government-protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=24 January 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123185105/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/22/burkina-faso-forces-fire-tear-gas-at-anti-government-protests |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pada Agustus 2021, 100 anggota [[Angkatan Bersenjata Burkina Faso]] berencana mengambil alih negara itu. Beberapa tentara mengatakan rencana itu dibuat di luar ibu kota melalui aplikasi perpesanan seperti [[WhatsApp]], [[Telegram]], dan [[Signal (perangkat lunak)|Signal]]. Sebelumnya, [[Partai Gerakan Rakyat untuk Kemajuan]] yang berkuasa mengatakan bahwa baik Kaboré maupun seorang menteri pemerintah selamat dari upaya pembunuhan.<ref name=":12"/> Pada 11 Januari 2022, dua minggu sebelum kudeta yang berhasil, pemerintah dilaporkan pernah menggagalkan upaya kudeta di negara tersebut.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2022/01/15/small-bands-of-mercenaries-extend-russias-reach-in-africa |title=Small bands of mercenaries extend Russia's reach in Africa |date=15 January 2022 |work=The Economist |access-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220116001323/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2022/01/15/small-bands-of-mercenaries-extend-russias-reach-in-africa |archive-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pada 23 Januari 2022, beberapa tembakan terdengar di dekat kediaman pribadi presiden di ibu kota. Pada Senin pagi waktu setempat, beberapa kendaraan iring-iringan presiden ditemukan penuh lubang peluru di dekat kediaman Kaboré, satu orang ditemukan berlumuran darah. Sedangkan militer mengklaim pengambilalihan itu tanpa kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ndiaga|first=Thiam|date=24 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso army deposes president in West Africa's latest coup|language=en|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-military-camp-sources-tell-reuters-2022-01-24/|access-date=25 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124235934/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-military-camp-sources-tell-reuters-2022-01-24/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="kabore-detained2">{{cite news|date=24 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124103330/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers|url-status=live}}</ref> Menteri Pertahanan Bathelemy Simpore membantah desas-desus tentang kudeta yang terjadi di negara itu dan mendesak orang-orang untuk kembali ke aktivitas normal setelah tembakan.<ref name=DWheavy/><ref>{{cite news|date=24 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso's defence minister speaks on TV to reassure population|work=Africanews|url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/01/23/burkina-faso-s-defence-minister-speaks-on-tv-to-reassure-population/|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123221449/https://www.africanews.com/2022/01/23/burkina-faso-s-defence-minister-speaks-on-tv-to-reassure-population//|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, beberapa jam kemudian, beberapa stasiun berita melaporkan bahwa Presiden Roch Marc Christian Kaboré telah ditahan. Kaboré dilaporkan ditahan di barak militer ibu kota, sementara keberadaan atau situasinya masih belum diketahui. Pada sore hari, militer telah mengambil alih markas besar [[Radio Télévision du Burkina]] yang dikelola negara. Markas besar Gerakan Rakyat untuk Kemajuan yang berkuasa dilaporkan telah dibakar dan dijarah oleh pengunjuk rasa pro-militer.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 January 2022|title=Shots heard near Burkina Faso president's home, protesters torch ruling party HQ|work=France24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220123-gunshots-heard-at-burkina-faso-army-barracks-after-day-of-violent-protests|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123205734/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220123-gunshots-heard-at-burkina-faso-army-barracks-after-day-of-violent-protests|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="president-detained2">{{cite news|date=24 January 2022|title=Burkina Faso president reportedly detained by military|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60109234|access-date=24 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124084116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60109234|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebuah pernyataan dari akun [[Twitter]] Roch Marc Christian Kaboré mendesak dialog dan mengundang para tentara untuk meletakkan senjata, tetapi tidak membahas apakah dia ditahan.<ref name=":3"/>

[[NetBlocks]] melaporkan bahwa akses internet telah terganggu di tengah ketidakstabilan di negara ini.[28] Sementara itu, tentara dilaporkan mengepung stasiun penyiaran negara RTB.<ref name=":22">{{cite web|date=23 January 2022|title=Internet disrupted in Burkina Faso amid military uprising|url=https://netblocks.org/reports/internet-disrupted-in-burkina-faso-amid-reports-of-coup-attempt-oy9Y9Qy3|access-date=24 January 2022|website=NetBlocks|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124045308/https://netblocks.org/reports/internet-disrupted-in-burkina-faso-amid-reports-of-coup-attempt-oy9Y9Qy3|url-status=live}}</ref> AFP News melaporkan presiden telah ditangkap bersama dengan pejabat pemerintah lainnya.<ref name=":4"/> Dua pejabat keamanan mengatakan di barak Sangoule Lamizana di ibu kota, "Presiden Kaboré, kepala parlemen Sakande, perdana menteri Zerbo, dan para menteri secara jelas berada di tangan para prajurit".<ref name=AJdetained/>