Bahasa Inggris: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Selain Anglo-Saxons dan [[Prancis Norman]], sejumlah besar kata dalam bahasa Inggris juga berakar dari [[bahasa Latin]], karena Latin adalah ''[[lingua franca]]'' [[Kekristenan|Gereja Kristen]] dan bahasa utama di kalangan intelektual [[Eropa]],<ref name="Weissbort">Daniel Weissbort (2006). "Translation: theory and practice: a historical reader". p.100. Oxford University Press, 2006</ref> dan telah menjadi dasar kosakata bagi bahasa Inggris modern.
Karena telah mengalami perpaduan beragam kata dari berbagai bahasa di sepanjang sejarah, bahasa Inggris modern memiliki kosakata yang sangat banyak, dengan pengejaan yang kompleks dan tidak teratur (''irregular''), khususnya vokal. Bahasa Inggris modern tidak hanya merupakan perpaduan dari bahasa-bahasa Eropa, tetapi juga dari berbagai bahasa di seluruh dunia. ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' memuat daftar lebih dari 250.000 kata berbeda, tidak termasuk istilah-istilah teknis, sains, dan [[bahasa gaul|''bahasa gaul'']] yang jumlahnya juga sangat banyak.<ref>{{cite web
== Etimologi ==
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{{see also|Anglosfir}}
Bahasa Inggris modern, kadang digambarkan sebagai ''[[lingua franca]]'' global pertama,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global English: gift or curse? |doi=10.1017/S0266078405002075 |year=2005 |last1=Smith |first1=Ross |journal=English Today |volume=21 |issue=2 |page=56}}</ref><ref name = "Graddol"/> adalah [[Imperialisme linguistik|bahasa dominan]], atau dalam beberapa kasus bahkan ditetapkan sebagai [[bahasa bantu internasional|bahasa internasional]] dalam bidang komunikasi, sains, teknologi informasi, bisnis, kelautan,<ref>{{cite web|title=IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases|url=http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx|publisher=International Maritime Organization|accessdate=18-02-2016|archive-date=2011-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003233938/http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> kedirgantaraan,<ref>{{cite web|title=FAQ – Language proficiency requirements for licence holders – In which languages does a licence holder need to demonstrate proficiency?|url=http://www.icao.int/icao/en/trivia/peltrgFAQ.htm#23|publisher=International Civil Aviation Organization – Air Navigation Bureau|accessdate=02-06-2011}}</ref> hiburan, radio, dan diplomasi.<ref name="triumph">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=883997|title=The triumph of English|accessdate=26-03-2007|date=20-12-2001|publisher=The Economist }}{{subscription}}</ref> Penyebaran bahasa Inggris di luar [[Kepulauan Britania]] dimulai dengan pertumbuhan [[Imperium Britania]], dan pada abad ke-19 jangkauannya telah global.<ref name="wwenglish">{{cite web |url=http://www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de/01_lec06.php |title=Lecture 7: World-Wide English |accessdate=26-03-2007 |publisher=<sub>E</sub>HistLing |archive-date=2007-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401233529/http://www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de/01_lec06.php |dead-url=unfit }}</ref> Setelah [[Imperium Britania|kolonisasi Britania]] sejak abad ke-16 hingga ke-19, bahasa Inggris menjadi bahasa dominan di [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], [[Australia]], dan [[Selandia Baru]]. Pertumbuhan pengaruh budaya dan ekonomi Amerika Serikat dan statusnya sebagai [[negara adidaya]] global sejak [[Perang Dunia II]] turut mempercepat penyebaran bahasa Inggris ke seluruh dunia.<ref name="Graddol">{{cite web |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/de/learning-elt-future.pdf |format=PDF |title=The Future of English? |accessdate=15-04-2007 |year=1997 |author=[[David Graddol]] |publisher=The British Council |archive-date=2014-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628012917/http://www.britishcouncil.org/de/learning-elt-future.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Bahasa Inggris menggantikan [[bahasa Jerman]] sebagai bahasa sains yang dominan dalam penghargaan [[Hadiah Nobel]] pada paruh kedua abad ke-20.<ref>Graphics: [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/scilang.html English replacing German as language of Science Nobel Prize winners]. From [[Jürgen Schmidhuber|J. Schmidhuber]] (2010), [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century] at [http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634 arXiv:1009.2634v1]</ref> Bahasa Inggris telah menyamai dan bahkan telah melampaui [[bahasa Prancis]] sebagai bahasa dominan dalam dunia diplomasi pada paruh kedua abad ke-19.
Kemampuan berbahasa Inggris telah menjadi kebutuhan dalam sejumlah bidang ilmu, pekerjaan, dan profesi semisal kedokteran dan [[komputasi]]; sebagai akibatnya, lebih dari satu miliar orang di dunia bisa berbahasa Inggris setidaknya pada tingkat dasar (lihat [[bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua atau internasional]]). Bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu dari enam bahasa resmi [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/languages.shtml |title=UN official languages |publisher=Un.org |date= |accessdate=20-04-2013}}</ref>
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* {{cite book |last=Cruttenden |first=Alan |date=2014 |title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English |edition=8th |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-4441-8309-2 }}
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-->* {{cite book |last1=Hancock |first1=Ian F. |last2=Angogo |first2=Rachel |chapter=English in East Africa |editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2 |pages=415–438 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press }}
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-->* {{cite book |last=Harbert |first=Wayne |title=The Germanic Languages |url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511755071 |access-date=26 February 2015 |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-01511-0 |series=Cambridge Language Surveys |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511755071 |jstor=40492966 |lay-source=Language (journal of the Linguistic Society of America) |lay-date=26 February 2015 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120615/http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511755071 |dead-url=yes }}
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-->* {{cite book |last=Hickey |first=R. |date=2007 |title=Irish English: History and present-day forms |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
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-->* {{cite web |title=How English evolved into a global language |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753 |date=20 December 2010 |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 August 2015 |ref={{harvid|How English evolved into a global language|2010}} }}
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-->* {{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=How many words are there in the English language? |work=Oxford Dictionaries Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2015 |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords |access-date=2 April 2015 |quote='''How many words are there in the English language?''' There is no single sensible answer to this question. It's impossible to count the number of words in a language, because it's so hard to decide what actually counts as a word. |ref={{harvid|HowManyWords|2015}} |archive-date=2011-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130011051/http://oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords |dead-url=yes }}
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-->* {{cite book |last1=Huddleston |first1=Rodney |last2=Pullum |first2=Geoffrey K. |title=The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-43146-0 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language |access-date=10 February 2015 |lay-url=http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~culicove/Publications/CGEL_Review.pdf |lay-date=10 February 2015 }}
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-->* {{cite web |author=International Maritime Organization |title=IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases |date=2011 |url=http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx |access-date=16 December 2014 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003233938/http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx |dead-url=yes }}
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-->* {{cite journal |last=Jambor |first=Paul Z. |title=English Language Imperialism: Points of View |journal=Journal of English as an International Language |date=2007 |volume=2 |pages=103–123 }}
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-->* {{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=English |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=26 February 2015 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/English |access-date=26 February 2015 |ref={{harvid|Merriam Webster|2015}} }}
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-->* {{cite journal |last=Mesthrie |first=Rajend |title=New Englishes and the native speaker debate |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_language-sciences_2010-11_32_6/page/594 |journal=Language Sciences |date=2010 |issn=0388-0001 |doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2010.08.002 |pages=594–601 |volume=32 |issue=6 }}{{Subscription or libraries|sentence|via=[[ScienceDirect]]}}
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-->* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Jim |date=2002 |title=An Introduction to English Syntax |publisher=Edinburgh University Press }}
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