Portland, Oregon: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Mulai 28 Mei 2020, dan berlanjut hingga musim semi 2021,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baker|first1=Mike|date=April 27, 2021|title=After Nearly a Year of Unrest, Portland Leaders Pursue a Crackdown|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html|archive-date=December 28, 2021|access-date=May 2, 2021|url-access=limited}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[protes]] harian terjadi terkait [[pembunuhan George Floyd]] oleh polisi dan ketidakadilan rasial. Terdapat kasus penjarahan, vandalisme, dan tindakan polisi yang menyebabkan luka-luka serta kematian.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vice|first=Staff|date=September 23, 2020|title=Man Linked to Killing at a Portland Protest Says He Acted in Self-Defense|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7g8vb/man-linked-to-killing-at-a-portland-protest-says-he-acted-in-self-defense|publisher=Vice|access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Evans|first=Robert|date=July 20, 2020|title=What You Need To Know About The Battle of Portland|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2020/07/20/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-portland/|work=[[Bellingcat]]|language=en-GB|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hughes|first1=Trevor|date=July 26, 2020|title=Portland police declare riot as demonstrators attack fence outside federal courthouse|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/07/26/portland-protests-police-declare-riot-violence-grows/5513752002/|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kavanaugh|first1=Shane|date=July 30, 2020|title=Man knifed in back at Portland protest: 'I was stabbed for being a conservative journalist'|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/07/man-knifed-in-back-at-portland-protest-i-was-stabbed-for-being-a-conservative-journalist.html|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref> Bisnis lokal melaporkan kerugian sebesar jutaan dolar sebagai akibat dari vandalisme dan penjarahan menurut [[Oregon Public Broadcasting]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=VanderHart|first1=Dirk|last2=Levinson|first2=Jonathan|last3=Ellis|first3=Rebecca|last4=Orr|first4=Donald|date=May 31, 2020|title=As Protests Continue, Civic Leaders Confront Crowds And Oregon's Racist History|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/|publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603041011/https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|access-date=June 1, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beberapa protes yang melibatkan konfrontasi dengan penegak hukum mengakibatkan cedera pada pengunjuk rasa dan polisi. Pada bulan Juli, petugas federal dikerahkan untuk melindungi properti federal, kehadiran dan taktiknya dikritik oleh pejabat Oregon yang menuntut mereka pergi, sementara tuntutan hukum diajukan terhadap penegak hukum lokal dan federal yang menuduh tindakan salah yang dilakukan oleh mereka.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Green|first=Aimee|date=June 10, 2020|title=Portland now faces 8 lawsuits seeking an end to tear gas, rubber bullets, explosives at protests|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html|work=The Oregonian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801162535/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html|archive-date=August 1, 2020|access-date=August 2, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ellis|first=Rebecca|date=July 17, 2020|title=ACLU Adds Federal Agencies To Lawsuit Against Portland Police|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/oregon-aclu-federal-law-enforcement-portland-police-lawsuit/|work=Oregon Public Broadcasting|language=en|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=July 17, 2020|title=Oregon AG files lawsuit against federal agencies for violating Oregonians' civil rights|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/oregon-attorney-general-files-lawsuit-against-federal-agencies-for-violating-oregonians-civil-rights/283-1ab1070e-3510-46f6-8987-8982f939117c|work=KGW|language=en-US|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Flanigan|first=Kaitlin|date=July 27, 2020|title=Lawsuit: Trump using feds in Portland to create national police force|url=https://www.koin.com/news/protests/lawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force/|website=KOIN (CBS affiliate)|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref>
Pada 25 Mei 2021, terjadi protes memperingati satu tahun pembunuhan Floyd. Protes ini mengakibatkan kerusakan properti dan mengakibatkan sejumlah penangkapan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Police declare riot in Portland as protesters mark 1 year since George Floyd's death|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-declare-riot-portland-protesters-mark-year-george/story?id=77910797|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=May 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Riot declared in downtown Portland, police arrest 5 people|url=https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html|website=KPTV.com|language=en|access-date=May 26, 2021|archive-date=2021-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101101733/https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Geografi ==
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Sensus 2010 melaporkan kota Portland memiliki ras/etnisitas meliputi: 76,1% [[Ras dan etnisitas di Sensus Amerika Serikat|Kulit Putih]] (444.254 jiwa), 7,1% [[Asia Amerika|Asia]] (41.448 jiwa), 6,3% Kulit Hitam atau Afrika-Amerika (36.778), 1,0% Penduduk Asli Amerika (5.838), 0,5% Kepulauan Pasifik (2.919), 4,7% memiliki dua atau lebih kelompok ras (24.437) dan 5,0% memiliki ras yang lain (28.987).<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov">{{cite web|title=Portland (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|archive-date=August 5, 2012|access-date=October 17, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Terdapat 9,4% ras/etnis [[Hispanik dan Latino Amerika|Hispanik]] atau Latino dari ras apa pun (54.840). Kulit putih yang bukan berasal dari Hispanik terdiri 72,2% dari total populasi.<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov" />{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Racial Makeup of Portland (2019)<ref name=Portland-B03002-2019>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=1600000US4159000&y=2019&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true|title=B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Portland - 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|date=July 1, 2019 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref>|label1=Kulit putih (tunggal)|value1=77.26|color2=#36A|label2=Kulit hitam (tunggal)|value2=5.64|color1=#6A5|label3=Penduduk Asli Amerika (tunggal)|value3=0.76|color3=#FF33AC|label4=Asia (tunggal)|value4=8.15|color4=#1A9|label5=Penduduk Kepulauan Pasifik (tunggal)|value5=0.33|color5=#E17720|label6=Beberapa ras lain (tunggal)|value6=2.18|color6=#F0FF00|label7=Dua atau lebih ras|value7=5.68|color7=#64ECDF}}The 2010 census reported the city as 76.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (444,254 people), 7.1% [[Asian American|Asian]] (41,448), 6.3% Black or African American (36,778), 1.0% Native American (5,838), 0.5% Pacific Islander (2,919), 4.7% belonging to two or more racial groups (24,437) and 5.0% from other races (28,987).<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov"
Pada tahun 1940, populasi Afrika-Amerika di Portland sekitar 2.000 dan sebagian besar terdiri dari karyawan kereta api dan keluarganya.<ref name="maccoll">{{Cite book|last=MacColl|first=E. Kimbark|year=1979|title=The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915–1950|location=Portland, Oregon|publisher=The Georgian Press|isbn=978-0-9603408-1-1}}</ref> Selama ledakan konstruksi [[Liberty Ship|Kapal Liberty]] di masa perang, kebutuhan akan pekerja membuat menarik banyak orang kulit hitam ke kota Portland. Masuknya orang kulit hitam baru yang menetap di lingkungan tertentu, seperti distrik [[Albina, Oregon|Albina]] dan [[Albina, Oregon|Vanport]]. Pada Banjir Mei 1948 yang menghancurkan Vanport menghilangkan satu-satunya lingkungan terpadu, dan membuat berlanjutnya orang kulit hitam masuk ke kuadran timur laut kota.<ref name="maccoll" /> Perpaduan ras dalam [[Stevedore|pekerja pelabuhan]] Portland digambarkan sebagai "''lily-white''" pada 1960-an ketika [[International Longshore and Warehouse Union]] setempat menolak untuk mewakili penanganan biji-bijian dikarenakan beberapa orang kulit hitam.<ref>{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=Marc|year=2008|title=The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger|title-link=The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-13640-0}} Related sources noted by Levinson: Journal of Negro History 65, no. 1 (1980): 27; Clyde W. Summers, "Admission Policies of Labor Unions", Quarterly Journal of Economics 61, no. 1 (1946): 98; Wilson, Dockers, p. 29. The Portland grain workers' case is mentioned in Charles P. Larrowe, Harry Bridges: The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the United States (New York, 1972), p. 368. 16. On Portland, see Pilcher, The Portland Longshoremen, p. 17;</ref>
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