Platipus: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Cahyogunadi (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Cahyogunadi (bicara | kontrib) draft dulu |
||
Baris 7:
Hingga tahun 2020, platipus adalah spesies yang dilindungi secara hukum di semua negara bagian di mana ia berada. Platipus terdaftar sebagai spesies yang terancam punah di [[Australia Selatan]] dan rentan di Victoria. Spesies ini diklasifikasikan sebagai spesies yang hampir terancam punah oleh [[Uni Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam|IUCN]], tetapi laporan pada November 2020 merekomendasikan agar spesies ini ditingkatkan statusnya menjadi spesies terancam punah di bawah Undang-Undang EPBC federal, karena perusakan habitat dan penurunan jumlah di semua negara bagian Australia.
== Taksonomi dan penamaan ==
[[Berkas:Platypus_(Ornithorhynchus_anatinus)._First_Description_1799.jpg|jmpl|[[Frederick Polydore Nodder|Frederick Nodder]]'s illustration from the first scientific description in 1799 of "''Platypus anatinus"'']]
When the platypus was first encountered by Europeans in 1798, a [[Pelage|pelt]] and sketch were sent back to [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] by [[John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)|Captain John Hunter]], the second Governor of [[New South Wales]]. British scientists' initial hunch was that the attributes were a hoax. [[George Shaw (biologist)|George Shaw]], who produced the first description of the animal in the ''Naturalist's Miscellany'' in 1799, stated it was impossible not to entertain doubts as to its genuine nature, and [[Robert Knox]] believed it might have been produced by some Asian [[Taxidermy|taxidermist]]. It was thought that somebody had sewn a duck's beak onto the body of a beaver-like animal. Shaw even took a pair of scissors to the dried skin to check for stitches.
Ketika platipus pertama kali ditemukan oleh orang Eropa pada tahun 1798, kulit dan sketsa darinya dikirim kembali ke Inggris oleh Kapten John Hunter, Gubernur kedua [[New South Wales]].<ref name="Paradox">{{cite journal|last=Hall|first=Brian K.|date=March 1999|title=The Paradoxical Platypus|journal=BioScience|volume=49|issue=3|pages=211–8|doi=10.2307/1313511|jstor=1313511|doi-access=free}}</ref> Dugaan awal para ilmuwan Inggris adalah bahwa atribut-atribut tersebut adalah bohongan.<ref name="hoax">{{cite web|title=Duck-billed Platypus|url=http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_duckbilled_platypus|publisher=Museum of hoaxes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729074144/http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_duckbilled_platypus|archive-date=29 July 2014|access-date=21 July 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> George Shaw, yang membuat deskripsi pertama dari hewan ini dalam Naturalist's Miscellany pada tahun 1799, menyatakan bahwa mustahil untuk tidak meragukan keasliannya,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Shaw|first1=George|last2=Nodder|first2=Frederick Polydore|date=1799|title=The Duck-Billed Platypus, Platypus anatinus.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/304567|journal=The Naturalist's Miscellany|volume=10|issue=CXVIII|pages=385–386|doi=10.5962/p.304567|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001111707/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/304567|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=6 October 2020|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library|url-status=live}}</ref> dan Robert Knox meyakini bahwa hewan ini kemungkinan dibuat oleh seorang ahli taksidermis Asia.<ref name="hoax" /> Awalnya dianggap bahwa seseorang telah menjahit paruh bebek ke tubuh hewan yang mirip biwara. Shaw bahkan mengambil gunting ke kulit keringnya untuk memeriksa adanya jahitan.<ref name="APC">{{cite web|title=Platypus facts file|url=http://www.platypus.asn.au/|publisher=Australian Platypus Conservancy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110113935/http://www.platypus.asn.au/|archive-date=10 November 2015|access-date=13 September 2006|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
The common name "platypus" literally means 'flat-foot', deriving from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] word {{transl|grc|platúpous}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|πλατύπους}}),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dplatu%2Fpous πλατύπους] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225004134/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dplatu%2Fpous|date=25 February 2021}}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> from {{transl|grc|platús}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|πλατύς}} 'broad, wide, flat')<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dplatu%2Fs πλατύς] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225083230/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dplatu%2Fs|date=25 February 2021}}, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> and {{transl|grc|poús}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|πούς}} 'foot').<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpou%2Fs πούς] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227054504/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpou%2Fs|date=27 February 2021}}, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Liddell, Henry George|author2=Scott, Robert|year=1980|url=https://archive.org/details/lexicon00lidd|title=Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition|publisher=Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK|isbn=978-0-19-910207-5|url-access=registration|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Shaw initially assigned the species the [[Linnaean taxonomy|Linnaean]] name ''Platypus anatinus'' when he described it,<ref name="Shaw">{{Cite journal|last1=Shaw|first1=George|last2=Nodder|first2=Frederick Polydore|date=1799|title=The Duck-Billed Platypus, Platypus anatinus.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/304567|journal=The Naturalist's Miscellany|volume=10|issue=CXVIII|pages=385–386|doi=10.5962/p.304567|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001111707/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/304567|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=6 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> but the genus term was quickly discovered to already be in use as the name of the wood-boring [[ambrosia beetle]] genus ''[[Platypus (beetle)|Platypus]]''.<ref name="ABRS">{{cite book|last=Grant|first=J.R.|title=Fauna of Australia|publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS)|volume=1b|chapter=16|access-date=13 September 2006|chapter-url=http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume1b/16-ind.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050519143852/http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume1b/16-ind.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was independently described as ''Ornithorhynchus paradoxus'' by [[Johann Blumenbach]] in 1800 (from a specimen given to him by [[Sir Joseph Banks]])<ref name="NLA">{{cite web|date=August 2001|title=Platypus Paradoxes|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/gateways/archive/52/p16a01.html|publisher=National Library of Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305074657/http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/gateways/archive/52/p16a01.html|archive-date=5 March 2012|access-date=14 September 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> and following the [[Principle of priority|rules of priority]] of nomenclature, it was later officially recognised as ''Ornithorhynchus anatinus''.<ref name="ABRS" />
Nama umum "platypus" secara harfiah berarti 'kaki datar', berasal dari kata Yunani platúpous (πλατύπους), dari platús (πλατύς 'luas, lebar, datar') dan poús (πούς 'kaki'). Shaw awalnya memberi nama Linnaean Platypus anatinus ketika ia mendeskripsikannya, tetapi istilah genus tersebut segera diketahui sudah digunakan sebagai nama genus kumbang ambrosia penggerek kayu Platypus. Platypus anatinus lalu dideskripsikan secara independen sebagai Ornithorhynchus paradoxus oleh Johann Blumenbach pada tahun 1800 (dari spesimen yang diberikan kepadanya oleh Sir Joseph Banks) dan mengikuti aturan prioritas nomenklatur, kemudian secara resmi diakui sebagai Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
There is no universally-agreed plural form of "platypus" in the English language. Scientists generally use "platypuses" or simply "platypus". Colloquially, the term "platypi" is also used for the plural, although this is a form of [[Dog Latin|pseudo-Latin]];<ref name="APC" /> going by the word's Greek roots the plural would be "platypodes". Early [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Settler|settlers]] called it by many names, such as "watermole", "duckbill", and "duckmole".<ref name="APC" /> Occasionally it is specifically called the "duck-billed platypus".
Tidak ada bentuk jamak dari kata "platypus" yang disepakati secara universal dalam bahasa Inggris. Para ilmuwan umumnya menggunakan "platypus" atau hanya "platypus". Dalam bahasa sehari-hari, istilah "platypi" juga digunakan untuk bentuk jamak, meskipun ini adalah bentuk pseudo-Latin; berdasarkan akar kata Yunani, yang jamaknya adalah "platypodes". Pemukim awal dari Inggris menyebutnya dengan banyak nama, seperti "watermole", "duckbill", dan "duckmole". Kadang-kadang secara khusus disebut "duck-billed platypus".
The scientific name ''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'' literally means 'duck-like bird-snout',<ref name="Shaw" /> deriving its [[Generic epithet|genus name]] from the Greek root {{transl|grc|ornith-}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|ὄρνις|όρνιθ}} ''ornith'' or {{lang|el|ὄρνις}} ''órnīs'' 'bird')<ref>{{cite web|last1=Liddell|first1=Henry George|last2=Scott|first2=Robert|date=1940|title=ὄρνις|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=o)/rnis|work=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Perseus Digital Library}}</ref> and the word {{transl|grc|rhúnkhos}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|ῥύγχος}} 'snout', 'beak').<ref>{{cite web|last1=Liddell|first1=Henry George|last2=Scott|first2=Robert|date=1940|title=ῥύγχος|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=r(u/gxos|work=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Perseus Digital Library}}</ref> Its [[Specific epithet|species name]] is derived from Latin {{wikt-lang|la|anatinus}} ('duck-like') from {{wikt-lang|la|anas}} 'duck'.<ref name="Shaw" /><ref>{{cite dictionary|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Danas1|title=ănăs|last1=Lewis|first1=Charlton T.|last2=Short|first2=Charles|dictionary=A Latin Dictionary|edition=|publisher=Perseus Digital Library|date=1879}}</ref> The platypus is the sole living representative or [[monotypic taxon]] of its [[Family (biology)|family]] ([[Ornithorhynchidae]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Bess|first=Anna|date=|title=ADW: Ornithorhynchidae: INFORMATION|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ornithorhynchidae/|publisher=Animaldiversity.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117035152/https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ornithorhynchidae/|archive-date=17 January 2022|access-date=11 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
Nama ilmiah Ornithorhynchus anatinus secara harfiah berarti 'moncong burung seperti bebek', yang berasal dari nama genusnya dari akar kata Yunani ornith- (όρνιθ ornith atau ὄρνις órnīs 'burung') dan kata rhúnkhos (ῥύγχος 'moncong', 'paruh'). Nama spesiesnya berasal dari bahasa Latin anatinus ('mirip bebek') dari anas 'bebek'. Platipus adalah satu-satunya perwakilan yang masih hidup atau takson monotipik dari keluarganya (Ornithorhynchidae).
== Fisiologi ==
| |||