Wikipedia

Invasi Ukraina oleh Rusia: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
695.977 suntingan
Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2
Bot5958 (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
29.612 suntingan
k Perbaikan untuk PW:CW (Fokus: Minor/komestika; 1, 48, 64) + genfixes
Baris 110:
{{Utama|Revolusi Martabat|Perang di Donbass}}
[[File:Euromaidan Kyiv 1-12-13 by Gnatoush 005.jpg|thumb|left|Aksi protes [[Euromaidan]] di Kyiv, Desember 2013.]]
Protes [[Euromaidan]] dimulai pada tahun 2013 sebagai reaksi tindakan pemerintahan Ukraina untuk menangguhkan penandatanganan [[Perjanjian Asosiasi Ukraina-Uni Eropa]], dan memilih hubungan yang lebih erat dengan [[Rusia]] dan [[Uni Ekonomi Eurasia]]. Setelah minggu-minggu penuh aksi protes, presiden [[Viktor Yanukovych]] dan para pemimpin oposisi parlementer Ukraina pada 21 Februari 2014 menandatangani [[Perjanjian penyelesaian krisis politik di Ukraina|kesepakatan penyelesaian]] yang menyerukan pemilu dini. Hari berikutnya, Yanukovych melarikan diri dari [[Kyiv]] menjelang [[revolusi Ukraina 2014|pemungutan suara pemakzulan]] yang melucuti kekuasaannya sebagai presiden.<ref name="interfax1">{{cite news|date=24 Februari 2014 |title=Rada mencopot Yanukovych dari jabatannya, menjadwalkan pemilihan baru pada 25 Mei |agency=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192030.html| url-status=live |access-date=15 Februari 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210094859/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192030.html |archive-date=10 Februari 2020}}</ref><ref name="RadioFreeEurope">{{cite news|author-last=Sindelar |author-first=Daisy |date=23 Februari 2014 |title=Apakah Yanukovych adalah milik Yanukovych Penggulingan Konstitusi?|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729143204/https://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html |archive-date=29 Juli 2020 |access-date=25 Februar y 2014 |newspaper=Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{cite news|author-last=Feffer |author-first=John |date= 14 Maret 2014 |title=Siapa 'Orang' Ini? |work=[[HuffPost]] |publisher=[[Buzzfeed]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/who-are-these-people-anyw_b_4964526.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 Maret 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318044043/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/who-are-these-people-anyw_b_4964526.html |archive-date=18 Maret 2014 |quote=Pada saat itu, partainya sendiri meninggalkannya dan meminta diadakannya pemungutan suara. Parlemen kemudian memilih untuk mencopot Yanukovych dari jabatannya dengan selisih 328 berbanding 0.}}</ref> Para pemimpin [[Ukraina Timur|wilayah timur Ukraina]] yang [[bahasa Rusia di Ukraina|berbahasa Rusia]] menyatakan untuk melanjutkan loyalitas kepada Yanukovych,<ref>{{cite news|author-last1=Polityuk |author-first1=Pavel |author-last2=Robinson |author-first2=Matt |author-last3=Baczynska |author-first3=Gabriela |penulis- last4=Goettig |author-first4=Marcin |author-last5=Graff |author-first5=Peter |author-last6=Elgood |author-first6=Giles |date=22 Februari 2014 |title=Parlemen Ukraina menyingkirkan Yanukovich, yang melarikan diri dari Kiev di "kudeta" |work=[[Reuters]] |publisher=Thomson Corporation |location=Kyiv |editor-last=Roche |editor-first=Andrew|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-parliament-idINDEEA1L04L20140222 |url-status=live|access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609181723/http://in.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-parliament-idINDEEA1L04L20140222 |archive-date=9 Juni 2016 |quote=Menggarisbawahi perpecahan regional Ukraina, para pemimpin provinsi timur berbahasa Rusia yang setia kepada Yanukovich memilih untuk menentang langkah-langkah anti-Yanukovich oleh parlemen pusat.}}</ref> menyebabkan [[Kerusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraina 2014]].<ref>{{cite web|author-last=Fisher |author-first=Max |date=3 September 2014 |title=Semua yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang krisis Ukraina |url=https://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/18088560/ukraine-everything-you-need-to-know |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122003807/https://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/18088560/ukraine-everything-you-need-to-know|archive-date=22 Januari 2022 |access-date=24 Januari 2022 |website=[[Vox (situs web)| Vox]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |language=en}}</ref> Kerusuhan diikuti oleh [[Aneksasi Krimea oleh Federasi Rusia|aneksasi Krimea oleh Rusia]] pada Maret 2014 dan [[Perang di Donbas]], yang dimulai pada April 2014 dengan pembentukan negara kuasi yang didukung Rusia dari [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk|Donetsk]] dan [[Republik Rakyat Luhansk]]s.<ref>{{cite news|author-last1=Grytsenko |author-first1=Oksana |author-last2=Vlasova |author-first2=Anastasia |date= 12 April 2014 |title=Pemberontak pro-Rusia bersenjata di Luhansk mengatakan mereka siap untuk serangan polisi |work=[[Kyiv Post]] |publisher=Businessgroup LLC |location=Luhansk |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html |access-date=1 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412131249/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html |archive-date=12 April 2014|quote=... tujuan utama mereka adalah federalisasi negara melalui referendum semua-Ukraina, satu langkah dari pemisahan diri dari negara. 'Seharusnya federasi di perbatasan Ukraina, tetapi dengan hak untuk berpisah jika ada orang-orang saya menuntut ini,' kata Kariakin, yakin bahwa 85 persen orang di Luhansk Oblast, wilayah ketujuh terpadat di Ukraina dengan 2,2 juta orang, mendukungnya.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author-last=Ragozin | author-first=Leonid |date=16 Maret 2019 |title=Aneksasi Krimea: Kelas master dalam manipulasi politik |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/3/16/annexation-of-crimea-a-masterclass-in-political-manipulation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528090201/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/annexation-crimea-masterclass-political-manipulation-190315174459207.html |archive-date=8 Mei 2020 |access-date=24 Januari 2022 |website=aljazeera.com |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |location=[[Riga]] |language=id |quote=Putin membingkai invasi dan akhirnya aneksasi Krimea sebagai tindakan penyelamatan daripada pelanggaran yang jelas terhadap hukum internasional dan mengubah sebuah revolusi yang dapat menandai akhir pemerintahannya menjadi pendorong popularitas yang sangat dibutuhkan ...}}</ref>
 
Pada 14 September 2020, presiden Ukraina [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] menyetujui Strategi Keamanan Nasional Ukraina yang baru, "yang menyediakan pengembangan kemitraan khusus bersama NATO dengan tujuan menjadi anggota NATO."<ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2022 |title=Infographic: Military capabilities of Russia and Ukraine |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/25/infographic-military-capabilities-of-russia-and-ukraine-interactive |url-status=live |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215002641/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/25/infographic-military-capabilities-of-russia-and-ukraine-interactive |archive-date=15 February 2022 |author-last=Duggal |author-first=Hanna}}</ref><ref name="ua-nato-relations">{{cite news|date=11 January 2020 |title=Relations with Ukraine |work=[[NATO]] |publisher=NATO |url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_37750.htm|access-date=15 February 2022 |quote=In September 2020, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy approved Ukraine's new National Security Strategy, which provides for the development of the distinctive partnership with NATO with the aim of membership in NATO. |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215011708/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_37750.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author-last=Getmanchuk |author-first=Alyona |date=30 September 2020 |title=Russia as aggressor, NATO as objective: Ukraine's new National Security Strategy |work=atlanticcouncil.org |publisher=[[Atlantic Council]] |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-as-aggressor-nato-as-objective-ukraines-new-national-security-strategy/ |access-date=15 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216000921/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-as-aggressor-nato-as-objective-ukraines-new-national-security-strategy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 24 Maret 2021, Zelenskyy menandatangani ''Dekrit No. 117/2021'' yang menyetujui "strategi pemukulan mundur (deokupasi) dan integrasi kembali wilayah yang diduduki sementara di [[Republik Otonomi Krimea]] dan di kota [[Sevastopol]]."<ref>{{cite news |date=24 March 2021 |title=Zelensky enacts strategy for de-occupation and reintegration of Crimea |work=[[Ukrinform]] |publisher=[[Government of Ukraine]] |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3214479-zelensky-enacts-strategy-for-deoccupation-and-reintegration-of-crimea.html |access-date=15 February 2022 |quote=''Decree No. 117/2021'' of March 24 on enactment of the relevant decision of the National Security and Defense Council was published on the website of the Head of State. |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212130511/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3214479-zelensky-enacts-strategy-for-deoccupation-and-reintegration-of-crimea.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Baris 116:
Pada Juli 2021, Putin menerbitkan sebuah esai berjudul ''[[Tentang Kesatuan Sejarah Rusia dan Ukraina]]'', di mana ia menegaskan kembali pandangannya bahwa Rusia dan Ukraina adalah "[[Bangsa Rusia|satu bangsa]]".<ref>{{cite web|author-last=Putin |author-first=Vladimir |author-link=Vladimir Putin |date=12 Juli 2021|title=Artikel oleh Vladimir Putin 'Tentang Kesatuan Sejarah Rusia dan Ukraina |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125053520/http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181|archive-date=25 Januari 2021 |access-date=1 Februari 2022 |website=Kremlin |publisher=[[Pemerintah Rusia]] |quote=Selama Direct Line baru-baru ini, ketika saya ditanya tentang hubungan Rusia-Ukraina, saya mengatakan bahwa Rusia dan Ukraina adalah satu bangsa – satu kesatuan.}}</ref> Sejarawan Amerika [[Timothy D. Snyder|Timothy Snyder]] menggambarkan ide-ide Putin sebagai [[imperialisme]].<ref>{{cite web|author-last=Snyder |author-first=Timothy D. |author-link=Timoth y D. Snyder |date=18 Januari 2022 |title=Cara berpikir tentang perang di Ukraina |url=https://snyder.substack.com/p/how-to-think-about-war-in-ukraine |url -status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119065436/https://snyder.substack.com/p/how-to-think-about-war-in-ukraine |archive -date=19 Januari 2022 |access-date=25 Januari 2021 |website=Berpikir tentang... (newsletter) |publisher=[[Substack]] |quote=Secara historis, gagasan bahwa seorang diktator di negara lain memutuskan siapa sebuah bangsa dan siapa yang tidak dikenal sebagai imperialisme.}}</ref> Wartawan Britania Raya [[Edward Lucas (jurnalis)|Edward Lucas]] menggambarkannya sebagai [[revisionisme sejarah]].<ref>{{cite web|author -last=Lucas |author-first=Edward |date=15 September 2020 |title=Mengapa esai sejarah Putin memerlukan penulisan ulang |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-putins-history-essay-requires-a-rewrite-6nzjzbqjb|url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125143913/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-putins-history-essay-requires-a-rewrite-6nzjzbqjb |archive-date=25 Januari 2022 |access-date=25 Januari 2022 |work=[[The Times]] |penerbit =Times Newspapers}}</ref> Pengamat lain menggambarkan kepemimpinan Rusia memiliki pandangan yang menyimpang tentang Ukraina modern dan sejarahnya.<ref>{{cite web|author-last=Roth |author-first=Andrew |date= 7 Desember 2021|title=Retorika Putin di Ukraina didorong oleh pandangan menyimpang tentang tetangga |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/07/putins-ukraine-rhetoric-driven-by-distorted-view-of-neighbour |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207180813/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/07/putins-ukraine-retorika-driven-by-distorted-view-of-neighbour |archive-date=7 Desember 2021|access-date=25 Januari 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |publication-place=Moscow |quote=Tapi ketakutan itu telah bergandengan tangan dengan gertakan chauvinistik yang menunjukkan Moskwa memiliki pandangan yang menyimpang tentang Ukraina modern dan tujuan-tujuannya. ts untuk mencapai sana.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author-last1=Dickinson |author-first1=Peter |author-last2=Haring |author-first2=Melinda |author-last3=Lubkivsky |author-first3=Danylo |author-last4=Motyl |author-first4=Alexander |author-last5=Whitmore |author-first5=Brian |author-last6=Goncharenko |author-first6=Oleksiy |author-last7=Fedchenko |author-first7=Yevhen |author-last8=Bonner |author-first8=Brian |author-last9=Kuzio |author-first9=Taras |date=15 July 2021 |title=Esai Ukraina baru Putin mengungkapkan ambisi kekaisaran |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/putins-new-ukraine-essay-reflects-imperial-ambitions/ |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715191212/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/putins-new-ukraine-essay-reflects-imperial-ambitions/ |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=25 January 2021|publisher=[[Atlantic Council]]|quote=Klaim Vladimir Putin yang tidak akurat dan menyimpang bukanlah hal baru atau mengejutkan. Mereka hanyalah contoh terbaru dari gaslighting oleh pemimpin Kremlin.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author-last=Wilson |author-first=Andrew |date=23 Desember 2021 |title=Rusia dan Ukraina : 'Satu bangsa' seperti yang Diklaim Putin? |url=https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russia-and-ukraine-one-people-putin-claims |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124130721/https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russia-and-ukraine-one-people-putin-claims/|archive-date=24 Januari 2022 | access-date=25 Januari 2022 |publisher=[[Royal United Services Institute]]|quote=Prinsip utama Putin adalah bahwa Ukraina dan Rusia adalah 'satu bangsa', dan dia menyebut mereka berdua 'Rusia'. Dia mulai dengan mitos asal yang sama: 'Rusia, Ukraina, dan Belarusia adalah keturunan Rus Kuno', yang merupakan negara bagian terbesar di Eropa' dari abad ke-9–13 M.}}</ref>
 
Rusia telah mengatakan bahwa kemungkinan [[Hubungan Ukraina-NATO|aksesi Ukraina ke NATO]] dan [[Pembesaran NATO|pembesaran NATO]] secara umum mengancam [[Keamanankeamanan nasional|keamanan nasionalnya]]nya.<ref> {{cite news|author-last=Taylor |author-first=Paul |date=23 November 2021 |title=Ukraina: dosa asal NATO |work=[[Politico]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |url =https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-nato-georgia-europe-european-union-united-states/ |access-date=1 Februari 2022 |quote=Hasilnya meningkatkan ketakutan Kremlin akan pengepungan dan kekalahan kedalaman strategis yang memungkinkan Rusia untuk menang atas penjajah Barat dua kali ... tidak ada jaminan bahwa NATO bukan ancaman bagi Rusia, bahwa tujuannya murni defensif atau bahwa tidak ada senjata yang akan digunakan kecuali dalam menanggapi serangan bisa menenangkan Moskwa. |archive-date=29 Januari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129135805/https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-nato-georgia-europe-european-union-united-states/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author-last=Guyer |author-first=Jonathan |date=27 Januari 2022 |title=Bagaimana obsesi ekspansi NATO Amerika berperan dalam krisis Ukraina |work=[[Vox]] |publisher=Vox Media |url=https://www.vox.com/22900113/nato-ukraine-russia-crisis-clinton-expansion|access-date=20 Februari 2022 |quote=Bagi Barat, itu adalah pernyataan otonomi; ke Rusia, itu ancaman. |archive-date=18 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218060139/https://www.vox.com/22900113/nato-ukraine-russia-crisis-clinton-expansion |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author-last1=Lee |author-first1=Matthew |author-last2=Memasak |author-first2=Lorne |date=7 Januari 2022 | title=AS, NATO mengesampingkan penghentian ekspansi, tolak tuntutan Rusia |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-emmanuel-macron-4b0815a24bb98ca7e3b81aa0dc6b1838 |url-status=live |archive -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124151428/https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-emmanuel-macron-4b0815a24bb98ca7e3b81aa0dc6b1838|archive-date=24 Januari 2022 |access-date=24 Januari 2022 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Di lain sisi, Ukraina dan negara-negara Eropa lainnya yang bertetangga dengan Rusia menuduh Putin mencoba melakukan [[iredentisme Rusia]], yaitu klaim atas bekas bagian [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] dan bekas [[Uni Soviet]] oleh [[Rusia|Federasi Rusia]] dan mengejar kebijakan militeristik yang agresif.<ref>{{cite web|last=Agencies |date=13 September 2014 |title=Putin ingin menghancurkan Ukraina dan memulihkan Soviet Union, kata Yatseniuk |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/13/putin-destroy-restore-soviet-union-ukraine-pm|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125154846/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/13/putin-destroy-restore-soviet-union-ukraine-pm |archive-date=25 Januari 2022 |access-date=25 Januari 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author-last=Bullough |author-first=Oliver |date=28 Maret 2014 |title=Vladimir Putin: Pembangunan kembali 'Soviet' Rusia |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26769481 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124104112/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26769481 |archive-date=24 Januari 2022 |access-date=25 Januari 2022 |publisher= [[BBC]] |quote='Dia tidak mengerti bahwa runtuhnya sistem Soviet telah ditentukan sebelumnya, oleh karena itu dia percaya misinya adalah untuk memulihkan sistem Soviet sesegera mungkin,' katanya (Vladimir Bukovsky).}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author-last=Rubin |author-first=Trudy |date=11 Januari 2022 |title=Putin ingin membangun kembali kekaisaran Rusia. Bisakah NATO menghentikannya tanpa perang? |url=https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/ukraine-putin-russia-nato-20220111.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125155257/https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/ukraine-putin-russia-nato-20220111.html |archive-date=25 Januari 2022 |access-date=25 Januari 2022 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |publisher=[[Interstate General Media]] |quote=Dia ingin membangun kembali lingkungan pengaruh Soviet yang membentang dari Eropa Tengah hingga Asia Tengah, dan memandang upaya ini sebagai pemulihan kebesaran Rusia.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2021 |others=Photograph by Office of the Lithuanian President |title=Lithuanian president: Russia's attempts to create 'zones of influence' will not be tolerated |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1568409/lithuanian-president-russia-s-attempts-to-create-zones-of-influence-will-not-be-tolerated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125154846/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1568409/lithuanian-president-russia-s-attempts-to-create-zones-of-influence-will-not-be-tolerated |archive-date=25 January 2022 |access-date=25 January 2022 |website=LRT English |publisher=[[Lithuanian National Radio and Television]] |agency=[[Baltic News Service]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author-last1=Wiktor |author-first1=Szary | author-last2=Sobczak |author-first2=Pawel |author-last3=Emmott |author-first3=Robin |author-last4=Sytas |author-first4=Andrius |author-last5=Muller |author-first5=Robert |author- last6=Dagenborg |author-first6=Joachim |date=20 Juni 2016 |editor-last=Boulton |editor-first=Ralph |title=Untuk mendorong status NATO yang setara, Polandia meminta pasukan flashpoint |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-poland-suwalki-idUSKCN0Z61XH|url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125154850/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-poland-suwalki-idUSKCN0Z61XH|archive-date=25 Januari 2022|access-date=25 Januari 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |pu blisher=Thomson Corporation |location=[[Brussels]], [[Praha]], [[Vilnius]], [[Trondheim]]}}</ref>
 
==Pendahuluan==
===Persiapan militer Rusia===
{{Main|Krisis Rusia-Ukraina 2021–2022}}
[[Berkas:Russian_forces_near_UkraineRussian forces near Ukraine,_2021 2021-12-03_03 (crop).jpg|jmpl|220x220px|Penumpukan militer Rusia di sekitar Ukraina pada 3 Desember 2021.]]
[[Berkas:2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment, 173rd Airborne Brigade depart Aviano Air Base, Italy, Feb. 24, 2022.jpg|thumb|Pasukan terjun payung AS dari Batalyon ke-2, Resimen Infanteri ke-503 berangkat dari Pangkalan Udara Aviano, Italia ke Latvia, pada 23 Februari 2022. Ribuan tentara AS dikerahkan ke Eropa Timur di tengah persiapan militer Rusia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-02-24/173rd-Airborne-Brigade-Ukraine-Latvia-Russia-5128627.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-02-24/173rd-Airborne-Brigade-Ukraine-Latvia-Russia-5128627.html |archive-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |title=173rd Airborne Brigade battalion heads to Latvia as Ukraine comes under Russian attack |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>]]
 
Konflik dimulai dengan persiapan militer besar-besaran, berawal sejak Maret hingga April 2021 dan kemudian dari Oktober 2021 hingga Februari 2022. Selama persiapan militer kedua, Rusia mengeluarkan tuntutan kepada Amerika Serikat dan NATO, lewat dua rancangan perjanjian yang berisi permintaan yang disebut dengan "jaminan keamanan". Di dalam rancangan perjanjian tersebut terdapat janji yang mengikat secara hukum bahwa Ukraina tidak akan bergabung dengan NATO, pengurangan pasukan NATO dan alat tempur yang ditempatkan di Eropa Timur,<ref>{{cite news|author-last1=Tétrault-Farber |author-first1=Gabrielle |author-last2=Balmforth |author-first2=Tom |date=17 December 2021 |title=Russia demands NATO roll back from East Europe and stay out of Ukraine |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-unveils-security-guarantees-says-western-response-not-encouraging-2021-12-17/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-date=22 Februari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222081106/https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-unveils-security-guarantees-says-western-response-not-encouraging-2021-12-17/ |url-status=live}}</ref> dan mengancam untuk melaksanakan aksi militer yang tidak ditentukan jika NATO terus berada di "garis agresif".<ref>{{cite news|author-last=MacKinnon |author-first=Mark |date=21 December 2021 |title=Putin warns of unspecified military response if U.S. and NATO continue 'aggressive line' |language=en-CA |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-putin-warns-of-unspecified-military-response-if-us-and-nato-continue/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115165246/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-putin-warns-of-unspecified-military-response-if-us-and-nato-continue/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Peralatan Rusia ditandai oleh simbol Z -- yang bukan sebuah [[alfabet Kiril]] -- berwarna—berwarna putih. Tanda tersebut terlihat pada sisi peralatan selama masa penumpukan. Tank, peralatan tempur, dan peralatan lain yang menggunakan tanda tersebut terlihat sampai pada tanggal 22 Februari 2022. Para pengamat menduga penanda tersebut digunakan untuk menghindari insiden ''[[Friendly fire|''friendly fire]]'']].<ref name="Zsymbol">Jeff Schogol [https://taskandpurpose.com/analysis/russian-military-equipment-white-markings/ (22 Feb 2022) Here’s what those mysterious white ‘Z’ markings on Russian military equipment may mean]</ref>
 
=== Bantahan Rusia merencanakan invasi ===
Baris 160:
Pada 22 Februari, Presiden AS [[Joe Biden]] menyatakan bahwa invasi Rusia ke Ukraina telah terjadi. Sekretaris Jenderal [[Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara|NATO]], [[Jens Stoltenberg]] dan Perdana Menteri Kanada, [[Justin Trudeau]], mengatakan bahwa "invasi lebih lanjut" telah terjadi. Menteri Luar Negeri Ukraina Kuleba menyatakan, "Tidak ada yang namanya invasi kecil, menengah, atau besar. Invasi adalah invasi." [[Perwakilan Tinggi Uni Eropa untuk Urusan Luar Negeri dan Kebijakan Keamanan|Kepala kebijakan luar negeri]] Uni Eropa, Josep Borrell, menyatakan bahwa "pasukan Rusia [telah tiba] di tanah Ukraina dalam [bukan] invasi sepenuhnya".<ref name="WashPost_what_counts_invasion">{{cite news |author-last1=Parker |author-first1=Claire |title=What counts as an 'invasion,' or as 'lethal aid'? Here's what some terms from the Russia-Ukraine crisis really mean. |date=23 February 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/23/key-terms-russia-ukraine |access-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220223204700/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/23/key-terms-russia-ukraine/ |archive-date=2022-02-23 |url-status=live |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russian troops in east Ukraine an 'invasion,' White House declares – National |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8636852/russian-troops-in-east-ukraine-an-invasion-white-house-declares/ |access-date=22 Februari 2022 |website=Global News |language=en-US |archive-date=22 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222153822/https://globalnews.ca/news/8636852/russian-troops-in-east-ukraine-an-invasion-white-house-declares/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Di hari yang sama, [[Dewan Federasi Rusia]] dengan suara bulat memberi wewenang kepada Putin untuk menggunakan kekuatan militer di luar Rusia.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20220222/soglasie-1774434602.html |title=Совфед дал согласие на использование ВС за пределами страны |trans-title=The Federation Council agreed to the use of aircraft outside the country |date=22 February 2022 |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=Russian |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222163916/https://ria.ru/20220222/soglasie-1774434602.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ukraina merespon dengan perintah wajib militer untuk pasukan cadangan dari presiden Zelenskyy, sementara ia belum berkomitmen untuk mobilisasi umum.<ref>{{cite news |author-last1=Zinets |author-first1=Natalia |author-last2=Williams |author-first2=Matthias |title=Ukrainian president drafts reservists but rules out general mobilisation for now |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-president-calls-up-reservists-launches-programme-economic-patriotism-2022-02-22/ |access-date=23 Februari 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=22 Februari 2022 |language=en |archive-date=22 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222235612/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-president-calls-up-reservists-launches-programme-economic-patriotism-2022-02-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 23 Februari, [[Verkhovna Rada]] Ukraina mengumumkan [[keadaan darurat]] nasional selama 30 hari, tidak termasuk wilayah pendudukan di Donbas, yang mulai berlaku pada tengah malam. Parlemen juga memerintahkan mobilisasi semua pasukan cadangan [[Angkatan Bersenjata Ukraina]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ukraine to introduce a state of emergency and tells its citizens to leave Russia immediately |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-sanctions-ukraine-reservists-west-b2021165.html |date=23 Februari 2022 |access-date=23 Februari 2022 |author-first=Thomas |author-last=Kingsley |work=[[The Independent]] |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224032730/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-sanctions-ukraine-reservists-west-b2021165.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-parliament-approves-state-emergency-2022-02-23/ |title=Ukraine's Parliament approves state of emergency |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=23 Februari 2022 |website=reuters.com |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |quote="The state of emergency comes into force at midnight local time (1000 GMT). It will last 30 days and can be extended for another 30 days." |archive-date=23 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223200424/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-parliament-approves-state-emergency-2022-02-23/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine calls up reservists, declares national emergency as U.S. and allies hit Russia with new sanctions |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-news-miliatry-reservists-emergency-declaration/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224055846/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-news-miliatry-reservists-emergency-declaration/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Rusia mulai mengevakuasi kedutaan besarnya di Kyiv dan juga menurunkan bendera Rusia dari atas gedung.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia evacuates embassy in Ukraine as crisis escalates |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-moscow-kyiv-626a8c5ec22217bacb24ece60fac4fe1 |date=23 Februari 2022 |access-date=23 Februari 2022 |author-first=Dasha |author-last=Litvinova |work=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=23 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223102040/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-moscow-kyiv-626a8c5ec22217bacb24ece60fac4fe1 |url-status=live}}</ref> Situs web parlemen dan pemerintah Ukraina, bersama dengan situs perbankan, terkena [[Serangan_DoSSerangan DoS#Penolakan_Layanan_secara_Terdistribusi_Penolakan Layanan secara Terdistribusi (DDoS)|serangan DDoS]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine hit by more cyberattacks, destructive malware |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-technology-business-europe-russia-9e9f9e9b52eaf53cf9d8ade0588b661b |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=23 Februari 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064547/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-technology-business-europe-russia-9e9f9e9b52eaf53cf9d8ade0588b661b |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Dewan Keamanan PBB mengadakan pertemuan lagi pada 23-24 Februari. Rusia menginvasi Ukraina ketika pertemuan darurat Dewan Keamanan PBB yang bertujuan untuk meredakan krisis sedang berlangsung. Sekretaris Jenderal [[Antonio Guterres]] menyatakan: "Beri kesempatan untuk perdamaian ."<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=23 Februari 2022 |title='It's too late': Russian move roils UN meeting on Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-general-assembly-russia-ukraine-europe-russia-united-nations-31c5af31d2a72163676459d317269b35 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224021804/https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-general-assembly-russia-ukraine-europe-russia-united-nations-31c5af31d2a72163676459d317269b35 |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en}}</ref> Rusia menyerbu saat menjabat sebagai [[Presiden Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|presiden Dewan Keamanan PBB]] untuk bulan Februari 2022, dan memiliki [[Hak veto Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|hak veto]] sebagai salah satu dari lima anggota tetap.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=U.S. Says Russia Will Face U.N. Security Council Resolution |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/pUrIX20rUPrwgE9WQPoX |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064610/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/pUrIX20rUPrwgE9WQPoX |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |website=[[Wall Street Journal]] |language=en}}</ref> Pada dini hari tanggal 24 Februari, Zelenskyy berpidato di televisi di mana ia berbicara kepada warga Rusia dalam bahasa Rusia dan memohon kepada mereka untuk mencegah perang.<ref>{{cite news|author-last=Sonne |author-first=Paul |date=24 Februari 2022 |title=Ukraine's Zelensky to Russians: 'What are you fighting for and with whom?' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/23/ukraine-zelensky-russia-address/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073748/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/23/ukraine-zelensky-russia-address/ |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author-last1=Troianovski |author-first1=Anton |author-last2=MacFarquhar |author-first2=Neil |date=23 Februari 2022 |title=Ukraine Live Updates: Russia Begins Invasion From Land and Sea |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-ukraine-putin |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073730/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-ukraine-putin/zelensky-makes-a-dramatic-appeal-to-the-russian-people-saying-the-people-of-ukraine-want-peace |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/23/zelenskys-desperate-plea-for-peace/|date=23 Februari 2022|title=Zelensky’s Last-Ditch Plea for Peace|access-date=25 Februari 2022}}</ref>
 
== Invasi ==
[[Berkas:2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|jmpl|Animasi peta keadaan invasi]]
Pada 24 Februari, tak lama sebelum 05:00 EET (UTC+2), Putin mengumumkan bahwa ia telah memutuskan untuk melakukan "operasi militer khusus" di Ukraina bagian timur.<ref name="Meduza_Putin_announces_invasion2" /><ref name=":02">{{cite web|title=Russian President Vladimir Putin announces military assault against Ukraine in surprise speech|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russian-president-vladimir-putin-announces-military-assault-against-ukraine-in-surprise-speech/ar-AAUebpI|website=[[MSN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064559/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russian-president-vladimir-putin-announces-military-assault-against-ukraine-in-surprise-speech/ar-AAUebpI|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam pidatonya, Putin menyatakan tidak ada rencana untuk menduduki wilaya Ukraina dan ia mendukung hak rakyat Ukraina untuk [[Hak menentukan nasib sendiri|menentukan nasib sendiri]].<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022|title=Full text: Putin's declaration of war on Ukraine|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/full-text-putin-s-declaration-of-war-on-ukraine|work=[[The Spectator]]}}</ref><ref name="tassputspeech242">{{cite news|date=24 February 2022|title=Путин принял решение о проведении операции по денацификации и демилитаризации Украины|trans-title=Putin decided to conduct an operation to de-Nazify and demilitarise Ukraine|url=https://tass.ru/politika/13825671|work=[[TASS]]|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224045055/https://tass.ru/politika/13825671|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Dia mengatakan tujuan dari "operasi" tersebut adalah untuk "melindungi orang-orang" di wilayah [[Donbas]] yang sebagian besar penutur bahasa Rusia, yang menurut Putin, "selama delapan tahun ini, telah menghadapi penghinaan dan genosida yang dilakukan oleh rezim Kiev".<ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2022|title=Putin's claims that Ukraine is committing genocide are baseless, but not unprecedented|url=https://theconversation.com/putins-claims-that-ukraine-is-committing-genocide-are-baseless-but-not-unprecedented-177511|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref> Putin juga menyatakan bahwa Rusia menginginkan "demiliterisasi dan denazifikasi" Ukraina.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|date=24 February 2022|title=Ukraine conflict: Russian forces attack after Putin TV declaration<!-- different from current title, please do not change -->|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60503037|publisher=[[BBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064553/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60503037|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam beberapa menit setelah pengumuman Putin, ledakan-ledakan dilaporkan terjadi di [[Kyiv]], [[Kharkiv]], [[Odessa]], dan [[Donbas]].<ref name=":22">{{cite web|date=24 February 2022|title=Putin announces 'special military operation' in Ukraine|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-announces-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/|website=[[Politico]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064603/https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-announces-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Segera setelah serangan terjadi, Zelenskyy mengumumkan pemberlakukan [[darurat militer]] di Ukraina;<ref name=":32">{{cite web|date=24 February 2022|title=Russia-Ukraine crisis live news: Putin has launched 'full-scale invasion', says Ukrainian foreign minister – latest updates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/23/ukraine-russia-news-crisis-latest-live-updates-putin-biden-europe-sanctions-russian-invasion-border-troops|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224054309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/23/ukraine-russia-news-crisis-latest-live-updates-putin-biden-europe-sanctions-russian-invasion-border-troops|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> pada malam yang sama, ia memerintahkan [[Mobilisasi|mobilisasi umum]] semua pria Ukraina berusia 18 sampai 60 tahun.<ref name="Interfax 20222" /> Pasukan Rusia memasuki Ukraina dari empat arah utama: utara dari Belarus, dan bergerak menuju Kyiv; timur laut dari Rusia, menuju Kharkiv; timur dari [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk]] dan [[Republik Rakyat Luhansk]]; dan selatan, dari wilayah Krimea yang dianeksasi.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 February 2022|title='It's too late': Russian move roils UN meeting on Ukraine|url=https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-general-assembly-russia-ukraine-europe-russia-united-nations-31c5af31d2a72163676459d317269b35|website=[[AP News]]|access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Air Raid Alert - Ukraine during russian invasion 2022.ogg|jmpl|Peringatan serangan udara [[Ukraina]] selama diinvasi oleh [[Rusia]] pada tahun [[2022]].]]
Peralatan dan kendaraan Rusia ditandai dengan simbol militer ''Z'' (yang bukan [[alfabet Kiril]]) berwarna putih, yang diyakini sebagai langkah untuk mencegah ''[[friendly fire|]]''friendly fire'']].<ref name="Zsymbol2" />
 
=== Sisi utara ===
{{main|Serangan Kiev (2022)}}
[[Berkas:Battle_of_Kyiv_Battle of Kyiv (2022).svg|jmpl|Kontrol militer di sekitar Kyiv pada 5 Maret 2022]]
Upaya utama dalam merebut Kyiv dilakukan dengan melakukan penyerangan dari sisi selatan Belarus di sepanjang tepi barat [[sungai Dnieper]], disertai upaya nyata untuk mengepung Kyiv dari arah barat. Hal ini didukung oleh dua poros serangan terpisah dari Rusia di sepanjang tepi timur Dnipro: dari barat di [[Chernihiv]], dan dari timur di [[Sumy]]. Poros serangan dari timur tampaknya bermaksud untuk mengepung Kyiv dari arah timur dan timur laut.<ref name="ISW 4MAR">{{cite web|date=4 March 2022|title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 4|url=https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-4|website=[[Institute for the Study of War]]|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Battle of Hostomel, 04.03.2022, Skirmish Aftermath.jpg|kiri|jmpl|200x200px|Setelah pertempuran di [[Hostomel]], 4 Maret]]
Baris 183:
=== Sisi timur ===
{{main|Serangan Ukraina Timur}}
[[Berkas:Russian_bombardment_on_the_outskirts_of_KharkivRussian bombardment on the outskirts of Kharkiv.jpg|jmpl|Pengemboman Rusia di pinggiran Kharkiv, 1 Maret]]
Di timur laut, pasukan Rusia mencoba merebut [[Kharkiv]] dan [[Sumy]], yang keduanya terlah kurang dari 35 kilometer dari perbatasan Rusia.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 February 2022|title=Kharkiv's Resistance to Russia's War Has Already Begun|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-war-resistance-kharkiv/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225044904/https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-war-resistance-kharkiv/|archive-date=25 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Росія атакувала українські міста: де відбулися бої|url=https://24tv.ua/rosiya-atakuvala-ukrayinski-mista-de-vidbulisya-boyi_n1877474|website=[[Channel 24 (Ukraine)|Channel 24]]|language=uk|trans-title=Russia attacked Ukrainian cities: where the fighting took place|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225025620/https://24tv.ua/rosiya-atakuvala-ukrayinski-mista-de-vidbulisya-boyi_n1877474|archive-date=25 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Menurut tentara Ukraina, [[Pertempuran Konotop]] gagal dimenangkan pada 25 Februari.<ref name="pol25feb">{{cite news|last=Ward|first=Alexander|title='Almost not possible' for Ukraine to win without West's help, Ukraine official says|url=https://politi.co/3LWSyC5|work=[[Politico]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226175146/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2022/02/25/almost-not-possible-for-ukraine-to-win-00011969|archive-date=26 February 2022|access-date=26 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=26 February 2022|title=Ukraine war news from February 25: Kyiv suburbs breached, Russian forces face resistance, Zelensky warns Russia will 'storm' capital|url=https://www.ft.com/content/93554a7e-f974-49fc-85ba-c111d253b002|work=[[Financial Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226151541/https://www.ft.com/content/93554a7e-f974-49fc-85ba-c111d253b002|archive-date=26 February 2022|access-date=26 February 2022|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dalam [[Pertempuran Kharkiv (2022)|Pertempuran Kharkiv]], tank-tank Rusia menghadapi perlawanan yang kuat. Pada 28 Februari kota itu menjadi sasaran berbagai serangan rudal yang merenggut beberapa nyawa. Pertempuran itu digambarkan oleh seorang penasihat presiden Ukraina sebagai "[[Pertempuran Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] abad ke-21".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2022|title=Russia-Ukraine War: What to know on Day 7 of Russian assault|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-united-nations-general-assembly-state-of-the-union-address-kyiv-business-1fc732f01985f1b57e8dc5e7e411805f|website=[[AP News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302184211/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-united-nations-general-assembly-state-of-the-union-address-kyiv-business-1fc732f01985f1b57e8dc5e7e411805f|archive-date=2 March 2022|access-date=2 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam [[Pertempuran Sumy]], meskipun hanya mengalami sedikit perlawanan di awal, tentara dan milisi Ukraina mulai menyeerang pasukan Rusia dari dalam kota, yang mengakibatkan perang kota yang sengit.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022|title=Ukrainian soldiers clash with Russians in a fierce fight near Sumy, a regional capital located near the border with Russia.|url=https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/ukrainian-soldiers-clash-with-russians-in-a-fierce-fight-near-sumy-a-regional-capital-located-near-the-border-with-russia/|work=[[The Kyiv Independent]]|access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1496879377749098496|user=JulianRoepcke|title=#Breaking #NewsMap The Putin regime army captured the city of #Sumy (264.000 inhabitants) in N-E #Ukraine. There seems to be no fighting and Russia tanks control the center. #PutinAtWar|date=24 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225094626/https://twitter.com/julianroepcke/status/1496879377749098496|archive-date=25 February 2022|url-status=live|last=Röpcke|first=Julian}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1496951189610840064|user=JulianRoepcke|title=Heavy urban fighting in Sumy. Seems some Ukrainian partisans are fighting the Russian occupiers.|date=24 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226165731/https://twitter.com/julianroepcke/status/1496951189610840064|archive-date=26 February 2022|url-status=live|last=Röpcke|first=Julian}}</ref>
 
Baris 190:
=== Sisi selatan ===
{{main|Serangan Kherson}}
[[Berkas:Destruction_of_Russian_tanks_by_Ukrainian_troops_in_Mariupol_Destruction of Russian tanks by Ukrainian troops in Mariupol (4).jpg|jmpl|Tank [[T-72]] Rusia yang dihancurkan oleh pasukan Ukraina, dekat Mariupol, 7 Maret]]
Pada 24 Februari, pasukan Rusia mengambil alih [[Kanal Krimea Utara]], yang memungkinkan Krimea mendapatkan pasukan air untuk semenanjung, yang telah diputus sejak 2014.<ref name=":52">{{cite news|date=24 February 2022|title=Russian forces unblock water flow for canal to annexed Crimea, Moscow says|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-forces-unblock-water-flow-canal-annexed-crimea-moscow-says-2022-02-24/|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-forces-unblock-water-flow-canal-annexed-crimea-moscow-says-2022-02-24/|archive-date=1 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pengepungan Mariupol]] dimulai sembari serangan bergerak ke timur menuju [[Mariupol]], dan menghubungkan sisi selatan dengan daerah separatis Donbas.<ref name="unianberdyansk">{{cite news|title=Российская военная техника заняла территорию бывшего аэропорта "Бердянск" – горсовет|trans-title=Russian military equipment occupied the territory of the former airport "Berdyansk" – city council|url=https://www.unian.net/war/rossiyskaya-voennaya-tehnika-zanyala-territoriyu-byvshego-aeroporta-berdyansk-gorsovet-novosti-donbassa-11719648.html|language=ru|agency=[[Unian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226195413/https://www.unian.net/war/rossiyskaya-voennaya-tehnika-zanyala-territoriyu-byvshego-aeroporta-berdyansk-gorsovet-novosti-donbassa-11719648.html|archive-date=26 February 2022|access-date=26 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=NEXTA|author-link=Nexta|user=nexta_tv|number=1497605510887100420|date=26 February 2022|title=The tanks of the occupiers have circled #Berdyansk and are heading towards #Mariupol. https://t.co/jwsIoORzH0|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227062037/https://twitter.com/nexta_tv/status/1497605510887100420|archive-date=27 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 1 Maret, pasukan Rusia mulai bersiap untuk melanjutkan serangan mereka ke [[Melitopol]] dan kota-kota lain, memulai [[Pertempuran Melitopol]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Zadorozhnaya|first=Anastasia|date=1 March 2022|title=Войска оккупанта готовят наступление на Мелитополь|url=https://ria-m.tv/news/279120/voyska_okkupanta_gotovyat_nastuplenie_na_melitopol.html|work=[[RIA Melitopol]]|language=ru|trans-title=Invader's troops are preparing an attack on Melitopol|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302054411/https://ria-m.tv/news/279120/voyska_okkupanta_gotovyat_nastuplenie_na_melitopol.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|access-date=2 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Ivan Fedorov, walikota Melitopol, kemudian menyatakan bahwa Rusia telah menduduki kota tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|last=Korobova|first=Marina|date=1 March 2022|title="Мелитополь не сдался, Мелитополь – временно оккупирован" – городской голова о ситуации на 1 марта|url=https://www.mv.org.ua/news/264014-melitopol_ne_sdalsja_melitopol_-_vremenno_okkupirovan_-_gorodskoi_golova_o_situacii_na_1_marta.html|website=[[Mestnyye Vesti]]|language=ru|trans-title="Melitopol did not surrender, Melitopol is temporarily occupied" – the mayor on the situation on March 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302054418/https://www.mv.org.ua/news/264014-melitopol_ne_sdalsja_melitopol_-_vremenno_okkupirovan_-_gorodskoi_golova_o_situacii_na_1_marta.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|access-date=2 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Baris 258:
|'''851''' tewas, '''2,802''' terluka
|17 Februari – 3 Agustus 2022
|DPR<ref name="ombudsman1">{{cite web |url=https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/obzorthe-soczialnooverview-gumanitarnojof-situacziithe-slozhivshejsyacurrent-nasocial-territoriiand-doneczkojhumanitarian-narodnojsituation-respublikiin-vsledstviethe-voennyhterritory-dejstvijof-vthe-perioddonetsk-speoples-30republic-iyulyaas-poa-05result-avgustaof-2022hostilities-g/ |title=Обзор социальноin-the-period-from-19-and-25-february-гуманитарной ситуации, сложившейся на территории Донецкой Народной Республики вследствие военных действий в период с 30 июля по 05 августа 2022 г./ |language=ru |trans-title=OverviewThe overview of the current social and humanitarian situation that has developed onin the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic as a result of military operationshostilities in the period from July19 23and to25 AugustFebruary 5,2022 |work=Human Rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People's Republic |date=12 February 2022 |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="ombudsman1">{{cite web |url=https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/theobzor-overviewsoczialno-ofgumanitarnoj-thesituaczii-currentslozhivshejsya-socialna-andterritorii-humanitariandoneczkoj-situationnarodnoj-inrespubliki-thevsledstvie-territoryvoennyh-ofdejstvij-thev-donetskperiod-peopless-republic30-asiyulya-apo-result05-ofavgusta-hostilities2022-in-the-period-from-19-and-25-february-2022g/ |title=TheОбзор overviewсоциально-гуманитарной ситуации, сложившейся на территории Донецкой Народной Республики вследствие военных действий в период с 30 июля по 05 августа 2022 г. |language=ru |trans-title=Overview of the current social and humanitarian situation inthat has developed on the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic as a result of hostilitiesmilitary operations in the period from 19July and23 25to FebruaryAugust 2022 |work=Human Rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People's Republic |date=12 February 2022 |access-date=21 March5, 2022}}</ref> dan LPR<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lug-info.com/en/news/77-lpr-residents-killed-in-ukrainian-army-strikes-since-february-17-jccc |title=77 LPR residents killed in Ukrainian army strikes since February 17 - JCCC |publisher=Lugansk Media Centre |date=28 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|'''Tentara Ukraina''' ([[Angkatan Bersenjata Ukraina|ZSU]], NGU)
Baris 393:
[[Berkas:Solidarizējoties ar ukraiņu tautu, pie Saeimas nama plīvo Ukrainas karogs 07.jpg|thumb|Pengunjuk rasa anti-perang di kedutaan Rusia di [[Latvia]], 24 Februari]]
===Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa===
Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa [[António Guterres]] mendesak Rusia untuk segera mengakhiri agresi di Ukraina, sementara duta besar Prancis dan AS mengumumkan mereka akan menyampaikan resolusi kepada Dewan Keamanan PBB pada 25 Februari 2022.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news |author-last1=MacNamee |author-first1=Garreth |title='We will hold the Kremlin accountable': International anger as Russia attacks Ukraine |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/ukraine-reaction-invasion-5691713-Feb2022/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |work=TheJournal.ie |language=en |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224052048/https://www.thejournal.ie/ukraine-reaction-invasion-5691713-Feb2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Britania Raya|Inggris]],<ref>{{cite news |author-last1=Demianyk |author-first1=Graeme |title=Boris Johnson Condemns Russia's 'Unprovoked Attack' On Ukraine |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/boris-johnson-response-attack-russia-ukraine-putin_uk_621713afe4b0afc668baee29?d_id=3199306 |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |work=[[HuffPost]] UK |date=24 Februari 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064549/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/boris-johnson-response-attack-russia-ukraine-putin_uk_621713afe4b0afc668baee29?d_id=3199306 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/biden-calls-putin-s-ukraine-actions-an-unprovoked-and-unjustified-attack-CGTFzK7GobHRwkC103AB |title=Biden Calls Putin's Ukraine Actions an 'Unprovoked and Unjustified' Attack |date=24 Februari 2022 |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |author-first=Tarini |author-last=Parti |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064548/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/biden-calls-putin-s-ukraine-actions-an-unprovoked-and-unjustified-attack-CGTFzK7GobHRwkC103AB |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kanada]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blanchfield |first1=Mike |last2=Berthiaume |first2=Lee |title=Trudeau condemns Russia's attack on Ukraine, says Russia will suffer consequences |url=https://www.cp24.com/world/trudeau-condemns-russia-s-attack-on-ukraine-says-russia-will-suffer-consequences-1.5793901 |website=CP24 |agency=The Canadian Press |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224151318/https://www.cp24.com/world/trudeau-condemns-russia-s-attack-on-ukraine-says-russia-will-suffer-consequences-1.5793901 |url-status=live }}</ref> dan [[Uni Eropa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://townhall.com/tipsheet/madelineleesman/2022/02/24/eu-to-hit-russia-with-new-sanctions-over-its-barbaric-invasion-of-ukraine-n2603729 |title=EU to hit Russia With New Sanctions Over Its "Barbaric" Invasion of Ukraine |date=24 Februari 2022 |website=Townhall |author-last=Leesman |author-first=Madeline |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224164649/https://townhall.com/tipsheet/madelineleesman/2022/02/24/eu-to-hit-russia-with-new-sanctions-over-its-barbaric-invasion-of-ukraine-n2603729 |url-status=live}}</ref> telah menyebut serangan itu sebagai tidak beralasan dan tidak dapat dibenarkan, dan akan memberikan sanksi keras terhadap individu, bisnis, dan aset Rusia.<ref>{{cite news|author-last=Rankin |author-first=Jennifer |author-last2=Holmes |author-first2=and Oliver |author-last3=Lock |author-first3=Samantha |author-last4=Harding |author-first4=Luke |author-last5=Boffey |author-first5=Daniel |author-last6=Boffey |author-first6=Daniel |author-last7=Chrisafis |author-first7=Angelique |author-last8=O'Carroll |author-first8=Lisa |author-last9=Roth |author-first9=Andrew |date=24 Februari 2022 |title=Ukraine crisis latest news: Russia invading on multiple fronts, former Ukrainian defence minister says |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/24/russia-invades-ukraine-declares-war-latest-news-live-updates-russian-invasion-vladimir-putin-explosions-bombing-kyiv-kharkiv |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224075414/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/24/russia-invades-ukraine-declares-war-latest-news-live-updates-russian-invasion-vladimir-putin-explosions-bombing-kyiv-kharkiv|url-status=live}}</ref> Serangan itu juga telah dikutuk oleh [[Prancis]],<ref>{{cite web|date=22 Februari 2022 |title=France's Macron demands 'targeted European sanctions' against Russia |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/02/22/France-s-Macron-demands-targeted-European-sanctions-against-Russia- |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |website=[[Al Arabiya]] English |language=en |archive-date=22 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222134620/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/02/22/France-s-Macron-demands-targeted-European-sanctions-against-Russia- |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 Februari 2022 |title=France condemns 'paranoid' Putin address as Macron demands sanctions against Russia |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20220221/macron-demands-targeted-european-sanctions-against-russia/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |website=The Local France |language=en-US |archive-date=22 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222073456/https://www.thelocal.fr/20220221/macron-demands-targeted-european-sanctions-against-russia/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Spanyol]], [[Jepang]], [[Italia]], [[Norwegia]], dan [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/norway-condemns-russias-military-attack-on-ukraine/id2902136/ |title=Norway condemns Russia's military attack on Ukraine|date=24 Februari 2022 |website=Government.no |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224104622/https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/norway-condemns-russias-military-attack-on-ukraine/id2902136/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|date=24 Februari 2022 |title=The Latest: EU plans 'harshest' sanctions against Russia |url=https://www.conchovalleyhomepage.com/news/national-news/the-latest-europe-warns-of-airspace-risks-around-ukraine/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |website=ConchoValleyHomepage.com |language=en-US |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224092119/https://www.conchovalleyhomepage.com/news/national-news/the-latest-europe-warns-of-airspace-risks-around-ukraine/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 Februari 2022 |title=Georgian nation shocked by Russian aggression in Ukraine, President declares |website=First Channel |language=en |url=https://1tv.ge/en/news/we-stand-in-solidarity-with-ukrainian-people-georgian-president-declares/ |access-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-date=24 Februari 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224130256/https://1tv.ge/en/news/we-stand-in-solidarity-with-ukrainian-people-georgian-president-declares/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== Organisasi internasional dan antar pemerintah ===
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Invasi_Ukraina_oleh_Rusia"