Pertanian organik: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2 |
Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2 |
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Baris 149:
Pengurangan penggunaan pestisida dan pupuk sintetik disertai dengan harga premium bagi bahan pangan organik berkontribusi pada keuntungan petani yang lebih tinggi. Secara umum pertanian organik lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan pertanian konvensional. Tanpa harga premium, pertanian organik mendapatkan hasil yang beragam, ada yang untung dan ada yang rugi.<ref name=Lotter2003/>{{rp|11}} Organic production was more profitable in Wisconsin, given price premiums.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.2134/agronj2008.0055x |title=Organic and Conventional Production Systems in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial: II. Economic and Risk Analysis 1993–2006 |year=2009 |last1=Chavas |first1=Jean-Paul |last2=Posner |first2=Joshua L. |last3=Hedtcke |first3=Janet L. |journal=Agronomy Journal |volume=101 |issue=2 |pages=288}}</ref> Bagi pasar tradisional dan pasar modern, bahan pangan organik juga lebih menguntungkan dan umumnya dijual pada keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bahan pangan non-organik.<ref>[http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/organic-food-no-more-nutritious-than-conventionally-grown-food-201209055264 Organic food more expensive than food from traditional agriculture]</ref>
Meskipun pembeli membandingkan harga dan membeli secara sadar, bahan pangan organik tidak selalu lebih mahal dibandingkan bahan pangan non-organik. Seperti contoh pada tahun 2000, sebuah usaha [[restoran]] mengganti 85% bahan baku yang digunakannya ke organik tanpa meningkatkan harga bagi pembelinya. Pemilik restoran juga menyatakan bahwa sejak tahun 2000, harga bahan pangan organik telah turun dan saat ini tidak lagi menjadi masalah untuk mendapatkan bahan pangan organik dengan harga yang bersaing.<ref>
=== Tenaga kerja ===
Baris 218:
* Lampkin, N. and S. Padel. (eds.) ''The Economics of Organic Farming: An International Perspective''. Guildford: [[CAB International]]. 1994. ISBN 0-85198-911-X
* OECD. ''Organic Agriculture: Sustainability, Markets, and Policies''. CABI International. 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=-TSkC7m07zoC Free full-text].
* Beecher, N. A., ''et al.'' (2002). [http://www.esa.ipb.pt/~jazevedo/618.pdf Agroecology of birds in organic and nonorganic farmland.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809004506/http://esa.ipb.pt/~jazevedo/618.pdf |date=2017-08-09 }} ''Conservation Biology'' 16(6), 1621–30.
* {{Cite journal|last1=Brown |first1= R. W. |year= 1999b |title= Margin/field interfaces and small mammals |journal= Aspects of Applied Biology |volume=54 |pages= 203–210 }}
* {{Cite journal| author=Emsley, J. | title=Going one better than nature | journal=Nature | month=April |year=2001 | volume=410| issue=6829 | pages=633–634 | doi=10.1038/35070632 |ref=harv}}
Baris 236:
* [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/home_en Organic Farming.] Agriculture and Rural Development, European Commission.
* [http://www.fao.org/organicag/ Organic Agriculture Programme.] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations.
* [http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml Organic Production and Organic Food: Information Access Tools.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807082049/http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml |date=2007-08-07 }} Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC). [[National Agricultural Library]], USDA.
* [http://www.extension.org/organic%20production Organic Agriculture.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429042221/http://www.extension.org/organic%20production |date=2009-04-29 }} eOrganic Community of Practice with eXtension: America's Land Grant University System and Partners.
* [http://www.snre.umich.edu/newsroom/2007-07-10/organic-farming-can-feed-the-world-u-m-study-shows Organic farming can feed the world, U-M study shows.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021164831/http://www.snre.umich.edu/newsroom/2007-07-10/organic-farming-can-feed-the-world-u-m-study-shows |date=2013-10-21 }} University of Michigan News Service. July 10, 2007.
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