Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Melayu: Perbedaan antara revisi

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! colspan="3"|{{!}} Konsonan

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}b}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''b'''ola <ref name=stop>{{IPA|{{!}}/p/}}, {{IPA|{{!}}/t/}}, {{IPA|{{!}}/k/}} are [[aspiration (phonetics)|{{!}}unaspirated]], as in the [[Romance languages]], or as in English ''spy, sty, sky.'' In final position, they are [[unreleased stop|{{!}}unreleased]] {{IPA|{{!}}[p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]}}, with final ''k'' being a [[glottal stop]]. {{IPA|{{!}}/b, d/}} are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, {{IPA|{{!}}[p̚, t̚]}}. There is no [[Liaison (French)|{{!}}liaison]]: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in ''kulit ubi'' "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.</ref>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''b'''eau

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}d}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''d'''ari <ref name=stop/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''d'''o

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}dʒ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''j'''ari

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''j'''ob

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}f}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''f'''ikir, '''v'''isa <ref name=loan>The fricatives {{IPA|{{!}}[f, z, ʃ, x]}} are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as {{IPAblink|{{!}}v}}; otherwise it is {{IPAblink|{{!}}f}}.</ref>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''f'''estival

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ɡ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''g'''alah <ref name=glottal/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''g'''ain

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}h}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''h'''abis, toko'''h'''

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''h'''at

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}j}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''y'''akin, ka'''y'''a

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''y'''es

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}k}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''k'''alah <ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} s'''k'''y

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}l}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''l'''ama

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} c'''l'''ean

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}m}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''m'''akan

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''m'''oon

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}n}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''n'''akal

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''n'''ote

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ŋ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''ng'''arai

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} feeli'''ng'''

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ɲ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''ny'''aman

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} ca'''ny'''on

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}p}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''p'''ola <ref name=stop/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} s'''p'''y

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}r}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r'''

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} trilled 'r' <ref>In traditional Malay areas, the [[rhotic consonant]] {{IPA|{{!}}/r/}} is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, {{IPAblink|{{!}}ɣ}} or {{IPAblink|{{!}}ʁ}}, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|{{!}}ɾ}} or trill {{IPAblink|{{!}}r}}. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: ''kertas'' "paper" may be pronounced {{IPA|{{!}}[krəˈtas]}} or {{IPA|{{!}}[kərəˈtas]}}.</ref>

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}s}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''s'''aya

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''s'''ix

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ʃ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''sy'''ak <ref name=loan/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''sh'''oe

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}t}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''t'''ari <ref name=stop/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} s'''t'''y

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}tʃ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''c'''ari

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''ch'''eck

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}v}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''v'''isa <ref name=loan/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''v'''ision

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}w}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''w'''aktu, Ja'''w'''a

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''w'''e

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}x}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''kh'''as <ref name=loan/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}}

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}z}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''z'''aman <ref name=loan/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''z'''ero

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ʔ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} bapa'''k''' <ref name=stop/> <ref name=glottal>The glottal stop {{IPAblink|{{!}}ʔ}} is an allophone of {{IPA|{{!}}/k/}} and {{IPA|{{!}}/ɡ/}} in the coda: ''baik'', ''bapak''. It is also used between identical vowels in [[Hiatus (linguistics)|{{!}}hiatus]]. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. ''bakso'' (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as ''Al Qur'an''.</ref>

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! colspan="3"|{{!}} [[Vokal]] <ref>The [[nasal consonant]] {{IPA|{{!}}/m, n, ŋ, ɲ/}} [[nasal vowel|{{!}}nasalize]] following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is {{IPA|{{!}}/h, j, w, ʔ/}}.</ref>

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}a}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''a'''j'''a'''r, buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">In Malaysian, word-final {{IPA|{{!}}/a/}} is often reduced to {{IPAblink|{{!}}ə}}.</ref>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} f'''a'''ther

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}e}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} s'''e'''rong, kar'''e''' <ref name=diphthong/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} cl'''ay'''<ref>The Malay/Indonesian {{IPA|{{!}}/e/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''clay'' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''get''. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref>

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ɛ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k <ref name=lax>{{IPA|{{!}}/e, i, o, u/}} have [[tenseness|{{!}}lax]] [[allophone]]s {{IPA|{{!}}[ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ]}} in [[closed syllable]]s, except that tense {{IPA|{{!}}[i, u]}} occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax {{IPA|{{!}}[ɛ, ɔ]}} also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.</ref>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} f'''e'''stival

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}i}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i'''

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} s'''ee'''

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ɪ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} kir'''i'''m <ref name=lax/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} b'''i'''n

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}o}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o''' <ref name=diphthong/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} s'''o'''le

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ɔ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} p'''o'''h'''o'''n <ref name=lax/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} s'''o'''rt

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}u}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} '''u'''pah, bar'''u'''

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} m'''oo'''n

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ʊ}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} rump'''u'''t <ref name=lax/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} f'''oo'''t

|{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink|{{!}}ə}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} g'''e'''lak <ref name="final a"/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} '''a'''bout

! colspan=3 |{{!}} [[Diftong]]

|{{!}}<big>{{IPA|{{!}}au}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} kal'''au''' <ref name=diphthong/>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} h'''ow'''

|{{!}}<big>{{IPA|{{!}}ai}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} cap'''ai''' <ref name=diphthong>{{IPA|{{!}}[e, o]}} are [[allophone]]s of {{IPA|{{!}}/i, u/}} in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs {{IPA|{{!}}/ai, au/}}, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into {{IPA|{{!}}[e, o]}}, respectively, especially in [[Java]].</ref>

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} b'''ye'''

|{{!}}<big>{{IPA|{{!}}oi, ui}}</big>

|{{!}} align="left"|{{!}} sep'''oi'''

|{{!}}align="left"|{{!}} b'''oy''' (uncommon)

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! colspan=3 |{{!}} Other symbols

|{{!}}align="center" |{{!}}<big>{{IPA|{{!}}ˈ}}</big>

|{{!}} Primary stress<br />Placed before the stressed syllable <ref>Stress generally falls on the [[penult]]imate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa {{IPAblink|{{!}}ə}}, stress shifts to the [[antepenult]] if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.</ref>

{{Wikipedia IPAReflist}}