[[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|upright|Jeruk dan jus jeruk]]
[[Berkas:برتقال منزلي طازج من شمال إفريقيا.jpg|jmpl|230x230px|Jeruk]]
'''Jeruk''' ({{lang-en|orange}}) adalah buah dari spesies [[citrus]] dalam famili [[Rutaceae]]. Ini mengacu pada ''Citrus × sinensis'',<ref name="USDA">{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CISI3 |title=Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) (maxima × reticulata) sweet orange |work=Plants.USDA.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512023634/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CISI3 |archive-date=12 Mei 2011 }}</ref> yang juga disebut '''jeruk manis''' dan untuk membedakannya dari ''Citrus × aurantium,'' terkait, yang disebut jeruk pahit. Jeruk manis bereproduksi secara aseksual (apomiksis melalui ''nucellar embryony''), yaitu melalui sistem cangkok, okulasi atau stek, dan varietas jeruk manis muncul melalui mutasi.<ref name=fullgenome /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikifarmer.com/orange-fruit-information/|title=Orange Fruit Information|date=9 Juni 2017|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nutrition-and-you.com/orange-fruit.html|title=Orange fruit nutrition facts and health benefits|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/45057-oranges-nutrition-facts.html|title=Oranges: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts|website=Live Science|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>
Jeruk manis ini merupakan hibrida antara jeruk bali (''Citrus maxima'') dan mandarin (''Citrus reticulata'').<ref name=fullgenome>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ng.2472 | volume=45 | title=The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) | journal=Nature Genetics | pages=59–66 | pmid=23179022 | date=Jan 2013 | last1 = Xu | first1 = Q | last2 = Chen | first2 = LL | last3 = Ruan | first3 = X | last4 = Chen | first4 = D | last5 = Zhu | first5 = A | last6 = Chen | first6 = C | last7 = Bertrand | first7 = D | last8 = Jiao | first8 = WB | last9 = Hao | first9 = BH | last10 = Lyon | first10 = MP | last11 = Chen | first11 = J | last12 = Gao | first12 = S | last13 = Xing | first13 = F | last14 = Lan | first14 = H | last15 = Chang | first15 = JW | last16 = Ge | first16 = X | last17 = Lei | first17 = Y | last18 = Hu | first18 = Q | last19 = Miao | first19 = Y | last20 = Wang | first20 = L | last21 = Xiao | first21 = S | last22 = Biswas | first22 = MK | last23 = Zeng | first23 = W | last24 = Guo | first24 = F | last25 = Cao | first25 = H | last26 = Yang | first26 = X | last27 = Xu | first27 = XW | last28 = Cheng | first28 = YJ | last29 = Xu | first29 = J | last30 = Liu | first30 = JH | last31 = Luo | first31 = OJ | last32 = Tang | first32 = Z | last33 = Guo | first33 = WW | last34 = Kuang | first34 = H | last35 = Zhang | first35 = HY | last36 = Roose | first36 = ML | last37 = Nagarajan | first37 = N | last38 = Deng | first38 = XX | last39 = Ruan | first39 = Y| issue=1 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="AGLthesis">{{cite thesis |title=Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos |year=2013|author=Andrés García Lor| url=https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31518/Versión3.Tesis%20Andrés%20García-Lor.pdf |pages=79 }}</ref> Genom kloroplas, dan karena itu garis ibu adalah jeruk bali.<ref name=genealogy_review>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nbt.2954 | volume=32 | issue=7 | title=A genealogy of the citrus family | journal=Nature Biotechnology | pages=640–642 | pmid=25004231 | last1 = Velasco | first1 = R | last2 = Licciardello | first2 = C| year=2014 | s2cid=9357494 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Jeruk manis telah memiliki genom lengkap yang diurutkan.<ref name=fullgenome />
Jeruk manis berasal dari wilayah yang meliputi [[Tiongkok Selatan]], India Timur Laut, dan [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Fruits of Warm Climates | last=Morton | first=Julia F. | year=1987 | pages = 134–142 | url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = The Genus Citrus | last1 = Talon | first1 = Manuel | last2 = Caruso | first2 = Marco | last3 = Gmitter Jr. | first3 = Fred G. | year = 2020 | publisher = Woodhead Publishing | page = 17 | isbn = 9780128122174 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dslaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17}}</ref> Penyebutan jeruk manis paling awal ditemukan dalam literatur [[Tiongkok]] pada 314 SM.<ref name=fullgenome /> {{As of|1987}}, pohon jeruk ditemukan sebagai pohon buah yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di dunia.<ref name=morton>{{cite web|author=Morton, J|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html|title=Orange, ''Citrus sinensis''. In: Fruits of Warm Climates|date=1987|publisher=NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University|pages=134–142}}</ref> Pohon jeruk banyak ditanam di iklim tropis dan subtropis untuk buahnya yang manis. Buah jeruk dapat dimakan segar atau diolah untuk jus atau digunakan kulitnya untuk bumbu karena harum.<ref name="ars-grin.gov">{{GRIN | Citrus sinensis | 10782 | access-date = 10 Desember 2017}}</ref> , Hingga tahun 2012, jeruk manis menyumbang sekitar 70% dari produksi ''citrus''.<ref name="citrusgenomedb.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824011802/http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms ''Organisms'']. Citrus Genome Database</ref>
Pada 2019, sejumlah 79 juta ton jeruk ditanam di seluruh dunia. Brasil memproduksi 22% diikuti oleh Tiongkok dan India. Jeruk biasa ditanam di [[dataran rendah]] (50-600 m). tetapi, terdapatTerdapat juga jeruk yang dapat ditanam di dataran tinggi, seperti jeruk nipis (''Citrus aurantifolia)'' dan Pamelo raja ''(Citrus grandis).'' <ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title=Production of oranges in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)|date=2020|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref>
