Coca-Cola: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Baris 53:
== Penyebaran dan kompetisi ==
Coca-Cola merupakan salah satu merek yang penyebarannya paling luas di dunia, dengan mencapai sekitar 1,8 miliar sajian perharinya di tahun 2013.<ref>Elmore, 2013, p. 717</ref> Secara resmi, ada dua negara yang tidak memiliki pemasaran/produksi Coca-Cola, yaitu [[Kuba]] dan [[Korea Utara]], meskipun faktanya minuman ini tetap dapat ditemukan di sana lewat ''grey import''.<ref>{{cite news |title= Cuba stocks US brands despite embargo |last= Weissert |first= Will |agency= Associated Press |url= http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/economy/2007-05-14-1080210184_x.htm |date= May 15, 2007 |access-date= August 11, 2013 |work= USA Today |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160313015718/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/economy/2007-05-14-1080210184_x.htm |archive-date= March 13, 2016 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Coca-Cola denies 'cracking' North Korea |last= Ryall |first= Julian |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9511235/Coca-Cola-denies-cracking-North-Korea.html |newspaper= The Telegraph |date= August 31, 2012 |access-date= August 11, 2013 |location= London |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130906214111/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9511235/Coca-Cola-denies-cracking-North-Korea.html |archive-date= September 6, 2013 |url-status= live }}</ref> Produk Coca-Cola biasanya diproduksi oleh pembotol-pembotol yang telah diberikan lisensi produksi oleh The Coca-Cola Company untuk suatu/beberapa daerah tertentu. The Coca-Cola Company nantinya akan menyuplai konsentrat kola, sedangkan para pembotol akan mengolahnya menjadi minuman jadi, mengemas dan mendistribusikannya ke tangan konsumen atau usaha-usaha seperti restoran.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/aboutbottling.html |title=Offices & Bottling Plants |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216144908/http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/aboutbottling.html |archive-date=February 16, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Model bisnis ini dikenal sebagai ''franchised system'' ([[waralaba]]).<Ref name=persada/> Adapun status kepemilikan dari para pembotol tersebut mayoritas independen/tidak dimiliki oleh The Coca-Cola Company, namun dalam beberapa produsen Coca-Cola raksasa seperti [[Coca-Cola Enterprises]], [[Coca-Cola Europacific Partners]], [[Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company]] dan [[Coca-Cola FEMSA]], The Coca-Cola Company dapat memiliki saham minoritas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cokecce.com/pages/allContent.asp?page_id=84#q1 |title=What Is the Difference Between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Coca-Cola Company |access-date=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021100615/http://cokecce.com/pages/allContent.asp?page_id=84 |archive-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref>
Pesaing utama Coca-Cola adalah [[Pepsi]], produk [[PepsiCo]] yang umumnya menjadi nomor dua setelah Coca-Cola dalam pangsa pasar produk kola ataupun mengunggulinya di beberapa kawasan tertentu; serta [[RC Cola]] (dari [[Dr Pepper Snapple Group]]/RC Global Beverages Inc.) yang tersedia di sejumlah negara.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 4, 2003|title=Islamic cola launched in the UK|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2720803.stm|access-date=July 23, 2020|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2720803.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Sedangkan untuk pasar yang lebih spesifik, Coca-Cola mendapat tantangan dari merek-merek seperti [[Big Cola]] (Kola Real) di [[Amerika Latin]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Ricardo|last= Mireles |title= In Mexico, Big Cola is the real thing |url= http://www.logisticstoday.com/sNO/6366/iID/20876/LT/displayStory.asp|publisher=Logistics Today |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041109222153/http://www.logisticstoday.com/sNO/6366/iID/20876/LT/displayStory.asp |archive-date = November 9, 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Corsica Cola]] (buatan [[Pietra Brewery|Pietra beer]]) di pulau [[Korsika]], [[Julmust]] di [[Swedia]], [[Breizh Cola]] di [[Brittany]] ([[Prancis]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kristallbeverage.com/KBJulmust.html |title=About Kristall Beverage |access-date=January 31, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031219013722/http://kristallbeverage.com/KBJulmust.html |archive-date=December 19, 2003 }}</ref> [[Irn-Bru]] di [[Skotlandia]] (sebelum 2005),<ref>Murden, Terry (January 30, 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050304094426/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/business.cfm?id=112872005 Coke adds life to health drinks sector]. ''Scotland on Sunday''. Retrieved February 14, 2006.</ref> [[Vita Cola]] di eks-[[Jerman Timur]], [[Mecca-Cola]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/retail/mecca-cola-plans-new-factories-for-middle-east-148332 |date=March 1, 2007 |title=Mecca-Cola plans new factories for Middle East |work=www.arabianbusiness.com |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/retail/mecca-cola-plans-new-factories-for-middle-east-148332 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Qibla Cola]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2003 |title='Protest' drinks range targets Muslims |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/apr/23/marketingandpr.iraq |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321181035/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/apr/23/marketingandpr.iraq |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Zamzam Cola]] dan [[Parsi Cola]] di [[Timur Tengah]], [[Cola Turka]] di [[Turki]], [[Future Cola]] di [[Tiongkok]], [[Kofola]] di [[Republik Ceko]] dan [[Slowakia]], [[Cockta]] dan Mercator Cola di Slovenia, serta Classiko Cola di [[Madagaskar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1hh0sb/Around-the-world-many-local-brands-compete-with-Coke-In-South-and-Central/|access-date=January 8, 2022|website=www.coursehero.com|title=Mentoring at Coca-Cola Foods|archive-date=January 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091705/https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1hh0sb/Around-the-world-many-local-brands-compete-with-Coke-In-South-and-Central/|url-status=live}} {{Unreliable source?|date=March 2022}}</ref> Di beberapa negara, The Coca-Cola Company juga mengakuisisi merek kola lokal yang populer, seperti [[Inca Kola]] ([[Peru]]) dan [[Thums Up]] ([[India]]).
| |||