Qualcomm Snapdragon: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Snapdragon''' adalah serangkaian produk [[semikonduktor]] [[Sistem pada sebuah chip]] (SoC) untuk perangkat seluler yang dirancang dan dipasarkan oleh [[Qualcomm]] Technologies Inc. [[Central Processing Unit|CPU]] Snapdragon menggunakan [[arsitektur ARM]]. Satu unit SoC dapat berisi sejumlah [[inti CPU]], sebuah [[Graphics Processing Unit|GPU]] [[Adreno]], sebuah [[modem nirkabel]] [[Qualcomm Snapdragon LTE modem|Snapdragon]], sebuah [[digital signal processor|DSP]] [[Qualcomm Hexagon|Hexagon]], sebuah [[Prosesor citra|ISP]] [[Qualcomm Spectra]], serta sejumlah perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras lain untuk mendukung [[global positioning system|GPS]], kamera, video, audio, [[pengenalan gestur]], dan [[akselerator kecerdasan buatan|akselerasi kecerdasan buatan]] di sebuah ponsel cerdas. Sehingga, Qualcomm kerap menyebut Snapdragon sebagai sebuah "platform seluler" (seperti Snapdragon 865 5G Mobile Platform). Semikonduktor Snapdragon ditanam di perangkat yang menjalankan sejumlah sistem, seperti [[Android (sistem operasi)|Android]], [[Windows Phone]], dan [[netbook]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.qualcomm.com/snapdragon/devices/phone-finder | title=Snapdragon Phone Finder | publisher=Qualcomm | date=2015-12-08 | access-date=17 April 2018 | archive-date=2021-01-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111051204/https://www.qualcomm.com/snapdragon/devices/phone-finder | dead-url=no }}</ref> Snapdragon juga digunakan di mobil, perangkat wearable, dan perangkat lain. Selain prosesor, jajaran produk Snapdragon meliputi modem, chip wi-fi, dan pengisi daya seluler.
Snapdragon QSD8250 diluncurkan pada bulan Desember 2007. QSD8250 dilengkapi prosesor 1 GHz pertama untuk telepon seluler. Qualcomm memperkenalkan [[mikroarsitektur]] "Krait" di generasi kedua dari [[System on a chip|SoC]] Snapdragon pada tahun 2011, yang memungkinkan tiap inti prosesor untuk menyesuaikan kecepatannya berdasarkan kebutuhan perangkat. Pada [[Consumer Electronics Show]] tahun 2013, Qualcomm memperkenalkan Snapdragon seri 800 pertama dan mengubah nama model-model sebelumnya sebagai seri 200, 400, dan 600. Sejak saat itu, sejumlah iterasi juga diperkenalkan, seperti Snapdragon 805, 810, 615, dan 410. Pada bulan Februari 2015, Qualcomm mengubah merek modemnya menjadi Snapdragon. {{As of|2018}}, [[Asus]], [[HP Inc.|HP]], dan [[Lenovo]] mulai menjual [[laptop]] dengan CPU berbasis Snapdragon yang menjalankan [[Windows 10]] dengan nama "Always Connected PC", sekaligus menandai ekspansi Qualcomm dan [[arsitektur ARM]] ke [[komputer meja]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/arm-going-after-intel-new-chip-roadmap-through-2020|title=ARM is going after Intel with new chip roadmap through 2020|work=Windows Central|access-date=2018-10-06|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030131/https://www.windowscentral.com/arm-going-after-intel-new-chip-roadmap-through-2020|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/always-connected-laptop-pcs|title=Always Connected PCs, Extended Battery Life 4G LTE Laptops {{!}} Windows|website=www.microsoft.com|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=2018-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011070325/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/always-connected-laptop-pcs|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==Sejarah==
===Pra-peluncuran===
Qualcomm mengumumkan bahwa mereka sedang mengembangkan CPU [[Scorpion (CPU)|Scorpion]] pada bulan November 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=Snapdragon seeds Qualcomm's future|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1247637|newspaper=Electronic Engineering Times|date=4 June 2007|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105445/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1247637|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="djabnf">{{cite news|title=Analysis: QualComm's 1 GHz ARM "Snapdragon"|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1275485|publisher=Electronic Engineering Times|access-date=17 April 2018|author=BDTI|date=5 December 2007|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105350/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1275485|dead-url=no}}</ref> SoC Snapdragon diumumkan pada bulan November 2006, dengan dilengkapi prosesor Scorpion, serta sejumlah semikonduktor lain.<ref name="djabnf" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm rolls out Snapdragon for mobile|newspaper=New Media Age|date=16 November 2006}}</ref> Snapdragon juga dilengkapi dengan prosesor sinyal digital [[Qualcomm Hexagon|Hexagon]] pertama yang dibuat secara khusus.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm announces its 2012 superchip: 28NM Snapdragon S4|first=John|last=Oram|date=12 October 2011|url=http://www.vrworld.com/2011/10/12/qualcomm-announces-its-2012-superchip-28nm-snapdragon-s4/|access-date=17 April 2018|publisher=VRWorld|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207202818/http://vrworld.com/2011/10/12/qualcomm-announces-its-2012-superchip-28nm-snapdragon-s4/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Menurut juru bicara Qualcomm, nama Snapdragon dipilih karena "Snap dan Dragon terdengar cepat dan garang."<ref>{{cite news|title=Puff the magic Snapdragon|first=Guy|last=Kewney|newspaper=Personal Computer World|date=May 2009}}</ref> Sebulan kemudian, Qualcomm mengakuisisi [[Airgo Networks]]. Dikatakan bahwa teknologi Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g dan 802.11n milik Airgo akan diintegrasikan dengan jajaran produk Snapdragon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm's Q4 Shopping Spree|last=Taylor|first=Colleen|newspaper=Electronics News|date=December 2006|url=http://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4317346/Qualcomm-s-Q4-Shopping-Spree|access-date=2021-11-14|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207202742/https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4317346/Qualcomm-s-Q4-Shopping-Spree|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm Buys Airgo, Bluetooth Assets|first=Mark|last=Hachman|date=4 December 2006|publisher=ExtremeTech|access-date=17 April 2018|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/77722-qualcomm-buys-airgo-bluetooth-assets|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207204022/https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/77722-qualcomm-buys-airgo-bluetooth-assets|dead-url=no}}</ref> Versi awal Scorpion memiliki rancangan inti prosesor yang mirip dengan Cortex-A8.<ref name="djabnf" />
===Produk awal (2007–2009)===
[[File:HTC Desire - main board - Qualcomm QSD8250-2.jpg|thumb|Qualcomm QSD8250]]
Snapdragon QSD8250 pertama kali dikirimkan ke pembelinya pada bulan November 2007.<ref name="cnet">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/toshiba-handheld-hits-1ghz-with-snapdragon/|access-date=17 April 2018|publisher=CNET|date=3 February 2009|first=Brooke|last=Crothers|title=Toshiba handheld hits 1GHz with 'Snapdragon'|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207202734/https://www.cnet.com/news/toshiba-handheld-hits-1ghz-with-snapdragon/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Menurut CNET, Snapdragon terkenal karena diklaim sebagai prosesor 1 GHz pertama yang khusus dibuat untuk perangkat seluler.<ref name="cnet" /><ref name="nytc">{{cite news|title=Intel and Qualcomm Eye Each Other’s Terrain|first=Brooke|last=Crothers|date=6 September 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/technology/companies/07qualcomm.html?_r=0|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109110831/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/technology/companies/07qualcomm.html?_r=0|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sebagian besar ponsel cerdas pada saat itu masih menggunakan prosesor 500 MHz.<ref name="cnet" /> Generasi pertama Snapdragon mendukung resolusi 720p, grafis 3D, dan kamera 12 MP.<ref name="cnet" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm and Google prepare reply to iPhone|first=Jonathan|last=Sidener|newspaper=Union-Tribune|date=1 August 2008|url=http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/business/20080801-9999-1b1qcom.html|access-date=17 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Hingga bulan November 2008, 15 perusahaan telah memakai semikonduktor Snapdragon untuk produk [[elektronik konsumen]] buatannya.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm launches low-cost PC alternative|first=Rick|last=Merritt|date=
Pada bulan November 2008, Qualcomm mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berkompetisi dengan Intel di pasar prosesor netbook, dengan SoC Snapdragon dua inti yang rencananya akan diluncurkan pada akhir tahun 2009.<ref name="wsj">{{Cite news|title=Qualcomm Pushes Beyond Cellphones|first=Don|last=Clark|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122646599469620261|access-date=2 October 2014|date=13 November 2008|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207202147/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122646599469620261|dead-url=no}}</ref> Qualcomm pun mendemonstrasikan bahwa sebuah prosesor Snapdragon mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit daya daripada chip buatan Intel yang diluncurkan di waktu yang hampir sama, dan mengklaim bahwa harga prosesor Snapdragon juga lebih murah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chips for mobile world pose challenge to Intel|first=John|last=Markoff|date=1 July 2008|newspaper=International Herald Tribune|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/1458010/chips_for_mobile_world_pose_challenge_to_intel/|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207203158/https://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/1458010/chips_for_mobile_world_pose_challenge_to_intel/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Intel’s Dominance Is Challenged by a Low-Power Upstart|first=John|last=Markoff|date=30 June 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/30/technology/30chip.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&ref=technology&adxnnlx=1214891191-GtrG2GTUeyKX3CilQ6S/3A&|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2021-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114054531/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/30/technology/30chip.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&ref=technology&adxnnlx=1214891191-GtrG2GTUeyKX3CilQ6S/3A&|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Next battleground for processors: powering the consumer computing device|newspaper=Electronic Engineering Times|date=14 July 2008|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1309556|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105428/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1309556|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada bulan yang sama, Qualcomm memperkenalkan sebuah purwarupa netbook berbasis Snapdragon bernama Kayak yang menggunakan prosesor 1,5 GHz. Kayak rencananya dijual di [[negara berkembang]].<ref name="UTSD" /><ref name="wsj" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm launches low-cost PC alternative|first=Rick|last=Merritt|date=12 November 2008|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1169751|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414093907/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1169751|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Pada bulan Mei 2009, [[Java Platform, Standard Edition|Java SE]] di-[[porting]] dan dioptimasi untuk Snapdragon.<ref>{{cite news|first=Darryl
===Adopsi (2009–2010)===
Pada akhir tahun 2009, diumumkan bahwa [[Acer Liquid Metal]], [[HTC HD2]], [[Toshiba TG01]], dan [[Sony Ericsson Xperia X10]] akan menggunakan SoC Snapdragon.<ref name="nytc" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Acer Liquid Smartphone Uses Android, Qualcomm's Snapdragon|first=Michelle|last=Maisto|date=14 October 2009|url=http://www.eweek.com/android/Acer-Liquid-Smartphone-Uses-Android-Qualcomms-Snapdragon/#sthash.oW6Xuvei.dpuf|access-date=17 April 2018|newspaper=eWeek|archive-date=2022-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928141019/https://www.eweek.com/mobile/acer-liquid-smartphone-uses-android-qualcomm-s-snapdragon/#sthash.oW6Xuvei.dpuf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm Announces Smartphone Chipsets, Snapdragon Smartbook|url=http://www.eweek.com/small-business/qualcomm-announces-smartphone-chipsets-snapdragon-smartbook|date=13 November 2009|first=Nathan|last=Eddy|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2022-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928141019/https://www.eweek.com/small-business/qualcomm-announces-smartphone-chipsets-snapdragon-smartbook/|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Lenovo]] juga mengumumkan netbook pertama yang dilengkapi dengan SoC Snapdragon pada bulan Desember 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm Plotting Ways To Push New Type Of Device|first=Brian|last=Deagon|newspaper=Investor's Business Daily|date=4 December 2009}}</ref> Menurut ''PC World'', perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Snapdragon konsumsi dayanya lebih sedikit dan ukurannya lebih kecil daripada perangkat seluler yang menggunakan SoC lain.<ref>{{cite news|title=Latest Laptop Trends From Asia's Big Tech Show|last1=Allen|first1=Danny|last2= Nystedt|first2=Dan|last3=Fletcher|first3=Owen|last4=Shah|first4=Agam|newspaper=PC World|date=August 2009}}</ref>
Pada bulan Juni 2010, chip Snapdragon telah dipakai di 20 produk dan dimasukkan pada rancangan dari 120 produk.<ref name="challenge" /> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] memiliki posisi yang dominan di pasar ponsel cerdas pada saat itu dan tidak memakai Snapdragon pada semua produknya. Sehingga kesuksesan Snapdragon pun bergantung pada ponsel berbasis [[Android (sistem operasi)|Android]], seperti [[Nexus One]] dan [[HTC Incredible]], untuk menantang posisi Apple di pasar.<ref name="challenge">{{cite news|title=Qualcomm hoping to feast on Snapdragon|first=Mike|last=Freeman|date=17 June 2010|newspaper=Union Tribune San Diego|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-fresh-chip-spread-2010jun16-htmlstory.html|access-date=2 October 2014|archive-date=2018-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619040309/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-fresh-chip-spread-2010jun16-htmlstory.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Walaupun begitu, ponsel berbasis Android masih tidak dapat mengambil pangsa pasar iPhone.<ref name="dafoihjo" /><ref name="duhndalkj">{{cite news|title=Qualcomm gets Snapdragon in new Windows phones|first=Mike|last=Freeman|newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune|date=18 October 2010|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_16348935|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054633/http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_16348935|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm to buy Atheros for $3.2 billion|date=6 January 2011|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/05/AR2011010506338_pf.html|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105502/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/05/AR2011010506338_pf.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Kemudian muncul "berita yang belum terkonfirmasi, namun sudah sangat tersebar" yang menduga bahwa Apple akan mulai menggunakan SoC Snapdragon pada iPhone berbasis Verizon.<ref name="dafoihjo">{{cite news|title=Qualcomm pushes to get beyond cell phones|first=Bradley|last=Fikes|date=10 January 2010|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/jan/10/telecom-qualcomm-pushes-to-get-beyond-cell-phones/|access-date=17 April 2018|newspaper=Union Tribune San Diego|archive-date=2020-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409154725/http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/jan/10/telecom-qualcomm-pushes-to-get-beyond-cell-phones/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hingga tahun 2012, Apple masih menggunakan [[prosesor rancangan Apple#seri A|rancangan semikonduktor Ax]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm's Snapdragon Mobile Chips Take On MediaTek|first=Reinhardt|last=Krause|newspaper=Investor's Business Daily|date=27 September 2012|url=http://news.investors.com/technology/092712-627235-qualcomm-snapdragon-targets-smartphones-china.htm|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2012-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005825/http://news.investors.com/technology/092712-627235-qualcomm-snapdragon-targets-smartphones-china.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dukungan untuk sistem operasi Windows Phone 7 kemudian ditambahkan ke Snapdragon pada bulan Oktober 2010.<ref name="duhndalkj" />
Pada tahun 2011, Snapdragon dipasang pada perangkat WebOS buatan [[Hewlett Packard]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Qualcomm struts is mobile gaming stuff|first=Kevin|last=Fitchard|newspaper=Connected Planet|date=1 June 2011}}</ref>, dan berhasil menguasai 50% pangsa pasar prosesor ponsel cerdas.<ref>{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Caulfield|newspaper=Forbes|title=No Factories, No Phones, No Fuss: How Qualcomm Grabs Wireless Profits|date=18 July 2012|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/briancaulfield/2012/07/18/no-factories-no-phones-no-fuss-how-qualcomm-grabs-wireless-profits/|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2019-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422140016/https://www.forbes.com/sites/briancaulfield/2012/07/18/no-factories-no-phones-no-fuss-how-qualcomm-grabs-wireless-profits/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun 2012, Snapdragon S4 (inti Krait) mendominasi pasar SoC untuk Android, mengalahkan [[Nvidia Tegra]] dan [[Texas Instruments OMAP]].<ref name="Droid Life 2012">{{cite web | title=Wednesday Poll: Preferred Mobile Processor? | website=Droid Life | date=26 September 2012 | url=http://www.droid-life.com/2012/09/26/wednesday-poll-preferred-mobile-processor/ | access-date=4 October 2017 | archive-date=2020-01-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103203540/https://www.droid-life.com/2012/09/26/wednesday-poll-preferred-mobile-processor/ | dead-url=no }}</ref> Hingga bulan Juli 2014, pangsa pasar Android tumbuh menjadi 84,6%,<ref name="Smith">{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Smith|date=31 July 2014|url=http://bgr.com/2014/07/31/android-vs-ios-vs-windows-phone-vs-blackberry/|title=Strategy Analytics: 85% of phones shipped last quarter run Android|publisher=BGR|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2014-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003143557/http://bgr.com/2014/07/31/android-vs-ios-vs-windows-phone-vs-blackberry/|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan chip Snapdragon buatan Qualcomm dipasang pada 41% dari total ponsel cerdas.<ref name="A Guide to Mobile Processors">{{cite book|title=A Guide to Mobile Processors|authors=Linley Gwennap, Mike Demler and Loyd Case|date=August 2014|url=http://www.linleygroup.com/report_detail.php?report_id=application_processor_guide
Chip Snapdragon juga digunakan di sebagian besar jam tangan cerdas berbasis Android.<ref>{{cite news|first=Leo|last=Sun|title=Will Intel Corporation's Curie Conquer the Internet of Things and Wearables Markets?|publisher=Fox Business|date=29 March 2015}}</ref> Produk Snapdragon pun digunakan di produk [[realitas maya]] dan di kendaraan, seperti di [[Maserati Quattroporte]] dan [[Cadillac XTS]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Eyeing Growth, Mobile King Qualcomm Targets The Internet Of Things|first=Fionna|last=Agomuoh|date=8 January 2015|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/eyeing-growth-mobile-king-qualcomm-targets-internet-things-1777142|newspaper=International Business Times|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105437/https://www.ibtimes.com/eyeing-growth-mobile-king-qualcomm-targets-internet-things-1777142|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==Referensi==
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