Unsur golongan 4: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Aplikasi ==
<!--Separation of hafnium and zirconium becomes very important in the nuclear power industry, since zirconium is a good fuel-rod cladding metal, with the desirable properties of a very low neutron capture cross-section and good chemical stability at high temperatures. However, because of hafnium's neutron-absorbing properties, hafnium impurities in zirconium would cause it to be far less useful for nuclear reactor applications. Thus a nearly complete separation of zirconium and hafnium is necessary for their use in nuclear power. The production of hafnium free zirconium is the main source for hafnium. The separation is difficult.<ref name="Stwertka">{{cite book|last=Stwertka|first=Albert|title=A Guide to the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|pages=
Logam titanium dan paduannya memiliki berbagai macam aplikasi, karena keunggulannya dalam ketahanan korosi, stabilitas panas dan kerapatan rendah (ringan). Pemanfaatan ketahanan korosi hafnium dan zirkonium yang paling tahan korosi terdapat pada reaktor nuklir. Zirkonium memiliki [[tangkapan neutron|penampang tangkapan neutron termal]] sangat rendah sedangkan hafnium tinggi. Oleh karena itu, zirkonium (kebanyakan sebagai [[zircaloy]]) digunakan sebagai [[selongsong (pengolahan logam)|selongsong]] [[batang bahan bakar]] pada [[reaktor nuklir]],<ref name="ASTM">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/?id=dI_LssydVeYC|title = ASTM Manual on Zirconium and Hafnium|first = J. H.|last = Schemel|publisher = ASTM International|year = 1977|isbn = 978-0-8031-0505-8|pages = 1–5}}</ref> sementara hafnium digunakan sebagai [[batang kendali]] untuk [[reaktor nuklir]], karena masing-masing atom hafnium dapat menyerap banyak neutron.<ref name="Hend" >{{cite web |title = Hafnium|first = James B. |last = Hedrick |url = http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zirconium/731798.pdf|publisher = United States Geological Survey|accessdate = 2008-09-10|format = PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title = Reactive Metals. Zirconium, Hafnium, and Titanium|first = Donald|last = Spink|journal = Industrial and Engineering Chemistry|year = 1961|volume = 53|issue = 2|pages = 97–104|doi = 10.1021/ie50614a019}}</ref>
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== Keterjadian biologis ==
Unsur golongan 4 tidak diketahui terlibat dalam kimia biologis sistem kehidupan apapun.<ref name="Emsley2001">{{cite book|title = Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements|url = https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl|last = Emsley|first = John|publisher = Oxford University Press|year = 2001|location = Oxford, England, UK|isbn = 0-19-850340-7|chapter = Titanium |pages =
== Tindakan pencegahan ==
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