Insiden kapal selam Titan 2023: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 21:
Sebelum kejadian, kekhawatiran telah dikemukakan tentang keselamatan kapal. Namun, eksekutif OceanGate telah menolak untuk mencari sertifikasi Titan, dengan alasan bahwa protokol keselamatan yang berlebihan menghambat inovasi.<ref name=":62">{{Cite news |last1=Bogel-Burroughs |first1=Nicholas |last2=Gross |first2=Jenny |last3=Betts |first3=Anna |date=20 June 2023 |title=OceanGate Was Warned of Potential for 'Catastrophic' Problems With Titanic Mission |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/us/oceangate-titanic-missing-submersible.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621005432/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/us/oceangate-titanic-missing-submersible.html |archive-date=21 June 2023}}</ref> Operasi pencarian dan penyelamatan dilakukan oleh tim internasional yang dipimpin oleh [[United States Coast Guard|Penjaga Pantai Amerika Serikat]], Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat, dan [[Penjaga Pantai Kanada]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2023 |title=Unified Command established for missing submersible from Polar Prince |url=https://www.news.uscg.mil/Press-Releases/Article/3433572/unified-command-established-for-missing-submersible-from-polar-prince/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621015357/https://www.news.uscg.mil/Press-Releases/Article/3433572/unified-command-established-for-missing-submersible-from-polar-prince/ |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=[[United States Coast Guard]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukungan diberikan oleh pesawat dari [[Angkatan Udara Kanada]] dan [[Garda Nasional Udara]], kapal [[Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Kanada]], serta beberapa kapal komersial dan penelitian serta ROV.<ref name=":32">{{cite news |last1=Petri |first1=Alexandra E. |last2=Lin |first2=Summer |date=19 June 2023 |title=Titanic tourist submersible carrying 5 disappears on trip to see wreck in North Atlantic |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-06-19/titanic-missing-submarine-tourist-tour-north-atlantic-wreck |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619210325/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-06-19/titanic-missing-submarine-tourist-tour-north-atlantic-wreck |archive-date=19 June 2023}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite news |last1=Liebermann |first1=Oren |last2=Britzky |first2=Haley |date=20 June 2023 |title=US military moving military and commercial assets to help submersible search efforts |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/americas/live-news/titanic-submersible-missing-search-06-20-23/h_986e7fa7d849e30d0b1b92c7e8114947 |access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="CBC2">{{Cite news |last1=Cooke |first1=Ryan |date=20 June 2023 |title=U.S. air force aircraft land in St. John's with gear to aid in search for missing submersible |language=en-GB |publisher=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/titanic-submersible-titan-missing-day-3-1.6881595 |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref>
== Latar belakang ==
[[File:Cyclops 1 Submersible.jpg|thumb|''Cyclops 1'' OceanGate, pendahulu Titan. Titan memiliki jendela berukuran 380 mm (15 inci).]]
Titan adalah kapal selam lima orang yang dioperasikan oleh OceanGate, Inc. Kapal sepanjang 6,7 meter (22 kaki), 10.432 kg (23.000 lb) dibuat dari serat karbon dan titanium.<ref name="TitanSub">{{Cite web |title=Titan Submersible |url=https://oceangate.com/our-subs/titan-submersible.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619233914/https://oceangate.com/our-subs/titan-submersible.html |archive-date=19 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |publisher=[[OceanGate]]}}</ref> Seluruh bejana tekan terdiri dari dua belahan titanium, dua cincin antarmuka titanium yang serasi, dan silinder luka serat karbon berdiameter dalam 142 cm (56 in), panjang 2,4 meter (7,9 kaki).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gorgan|first1=Elena|date=20 June 2023 |title=Tourist Submarine Titan Goes Missing on Its Way to the Titanic Wreck |website=autoevolution.com |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/tourist-submarine-titan-goes-missing-on-its-way-to-the-titanic-wreck-216772.html |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621003338/https://www.autoevolution.com/news/tourist-submarine-titan-goes-missing-on-its-way-to-the-titanic-wreck-216772.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Salah satu tutup ujung setengah bola titanium dilengkapi dengan jendela akrilik berdiameter 380 mm (15 in.).<ref name="CW-2017">{{cite news |author=Sloan, Jeff |date=10 May 2017 |title=Composite submersibles: Under pressure in deep, deep waters |work=Composites World |url=http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/composite-submersibles-under-pressure-in-deep-deep-waters |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804224656/http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/composite-submersibles-under-pressure-in-deep-deep-waters |archive-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> Pada tahun 2020, CEO OceanGate Stockton Rush menyatakan bahwa lambung telah diturunkan ke peringkat kedalaman 3.000 m (9.800 kaki) setelah menunjukkan tanda-tanda kelelahan siklik. Pada tahun 2020 dan 2021, Titan dibangun kembali.<ref name=":10" /><ref name="GeekWire">{{cite news |last1=Boyle |first1=Alan |title=OceanGate gets its Titan sub ready to begin expedition to Titanic shipwreck |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2021/oceangate-gets-titan-sub-ready-begin-expedition-titanic-shipwreck/ |publisher=GeekWire |date=28 May 2021 |access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621083203/https://www.geekwire.com/2021/oceangate-gets-titan-sub-ready-begin-expedition-titanic-shipwreck/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Titan melakukan penyelaman pertamanya ke Titanic pada Juli 2021.<ref name="First dive">{{cite news |last1=Boyle |first1=Alan |title=OceanGate sub makes first dive to Titanic wreck site and captures photos of debris |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2021/oceangate-sub-makes-first-dive-titanic-wreck-site-captures-photos-debris/ |publisher=GeekWire |date=13 July 2021 |access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619162436/https://www.geekwire.com/2021/oceangate-sub-makes-first-dive-titanic-wreck-site-captures-photos-debris/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ia melakukan penyelaman tambahan pada tahun 2022 dan 2023.<ref name='CBS Video' />
Setiap penyelaman biasanya memiliki seorang pilot, tiga penumpang yang membayar, dan seorang pemandu.<ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Gareth |last2=Gozzi |first2=Laura |date=19 June 2023 |title=Titanic tourist submersible goes missing with search under way |language=en-GB |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65953872 |url-status=live |access-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619134256/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65953872 |archive-date=19 June 2023}}</ref> Begitu orang-orang ini berada di dalam kapal selam, palka akan dikunci dan hanya bisa dibuka kembali dari luar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Treisman |first=Rachel |date=20 June 2023 |title='Tiny sub, big ocean': Why the Titanic submersible search is so challenging |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/20/1183152712/titanic-submarine-missing-search |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620134727/https://www.npr.org/2023/06/20/1183152712/titanic-submarine-missing-search |url-status=live }}</ref> Penurunan dari permukaan ke Titanic biasanya memakan waktu dua jam,<ref name="SkyNews2">{{Cite news |date=19 June 2023 |title=What we know about the passengers on board missing Titanic submersible |url=https://news.sky.com/story/what-we-know-about-the-passengers-on-board-missing-titanic-submersible-12905596 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619223319/https://news.sky.com/story/what-we-know-about-the-passengers-on-board-missing-titanic-submersible-12905596 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |access-date=20 June 2023 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref> dengan penyelaman penuh memakan waktu sekitar delapan jam.<ref name="BBC1" /> Sepanjang perjalanan, kapal selam itu diharapkan mengeluarkan ping keselamatan setiap 15 menit untuk dipantau oleh kru di atas air.<ref name="SkyNews1" /> Kapal dan awak permukaan juga dapat berkomunikasi melalui pesan singkat.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Whittle |first1=Patrick |last2=Ramer |first2=Holly |date=20 June 2023 |title=In race against clock, expanding fleet of ships searches for submersible lost near Titanic wreck |url=https://apnews.com/article/titanic-wreckage-missing-submersible-9f0e66fc1df5d9f1e8d262dc7ce0135e |access-date=21 June 2023 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621005800/https://apnews.com/article/titanic-wreckage-missing-submersible-9f0e66fc1df5d9f1e8d262dc7ce0135e |url-status=live }}</ref>
Pelanggan yang melakukan perjalanan ke Titanic dengan OceanGate, disebut sebagai "spesialis misi" oleh perusahaan,<ref name="CNN1">{{Cite news |last1=Regan |first1=Helen |last2=Yeung |first2=Jessie |last3=Renton |first3=Adam |last4=Said-Moorhouse |first4=Lauren |last5=Upright |first5=Ed |date=20 June 2023 |title=The Titanic wreckage lies around 12,500 feet below sea level. Here's a look at the path to see it |url=https://www.cnn.com/americas/live-news/titanic-submersible-missing-search-06-20-23/h_e60116abdf9035120a8f19eea9d8fffc |access-date=20 June 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> menghabiskan US$250.000 untuk terlibat dalam ekspedisi delapan hari.<ref name="BBC1" /><ref name="SkyNews3">{{Cite news |last=Enokido-Lineham |first=Olive |date=19 June 2023 |title=UK billionaire Hamish Harding on board missing Titanic submersible, family confirms |publisher=[[Sky News]] |url=https://news.sky.com/story/uk-billionaire-hamish-harding-on-board-missing-titanic-submersible-family-confirms-12905616 |url-status=live |access-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620041549/https://news.sky.com/story/uk-billionaire-hamish-harding-on-board-missing-titanic-submersible-family-confirms-12905616 |archive-date=20 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-22 |title=Missing Titan submarine: How much does the search and rescue mission cost and who's paying for it? |url=https://en.as.com/latest_news/missing-titan-submarine-how-much-does-the-search-and-rescue-mission-cost-and-whos-paying-for-it-n/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Diario AS |language=en-us}}</ref>
OceanGate bermaksud melakukan beberapa ekspedisi ke Titanic pada tahun 2023, tetapi karena cuaca buruk di Newfoundland, perusahaan hanya meluncurkan satu ekspedisi pada tahun 2023.<ref name="BBC1" /><ref name="SkyNews2" />
== Insiden ==
== Referensi ==
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