Skiatika: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox medical condition|name=Skiatika|image=Sciatic nerve2.jpg|caption=Gambaran tampak anterior menunjukkan nervus skiatika berjalan menyusuri kaki kanan|specialty=[[Bedah ortopedi|Ortopedi]], [[neurologi]]|synonym=Neuritis skiatika, neuralgia skiatik, radikulopati lumbal|pronounce=|symptoms=[[Nyeri]] menjalar ke tungkai dari punggung, kelemahan atau mati rasa pada kaki yang dipersarafi<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Sciatica|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024494/|accessdate=2 July 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307160812/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024494/|archivedate=7 March 2018}}</ref>|onset=usia 40–50 tahun<ref name=NIH2014b>{{cite web|author1=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care|title=Slipped disk: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|accessdate=2 July 2015|date=October 9, 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183135/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|archivedate=8 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=NEJM2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref>|duration=90% kurang dari 6 minggu<ref name=NIH2014b>{{cite web|author1=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care|title=Slipped disk: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|accessdate=2 July 2015|date=October 9, 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183135/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|archivedate=8 September 2017}}</ref>|causes=[[Hernia Nukleus Pulposus]], [[spondilolistesis]], [[stenosis spinal]], [[sindrom piriformis]], [[tumor pelvis]]<ref name=NEJM2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref><ref name=Valat2010>{{cite journal|last=Valat|first=JP|author2=Genevay, S |author3=Marty, M |author4=Rozenberg, S |author5= Koes, B |title=Sciatica.|journal=Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology|date=April 2010|volume=24|issue=2|pages=241–52|pmid=20227645|doi=10.1016/j.berh.2009.11.005}}</ref>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Tes angkat kaki lurus]]<ref name=NEJM2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref>|differential=[[Herpes zoster]], penyakit panggul<ref name=NEJM2015>{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[analgesik|Pereda nyeri]], [[bedah]]<ref name=NIH2014b>{{cite web|author1=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care|title=Slipped disk: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|accessdate=2 July 2015|date=October 9, 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183135/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|archivedate=8 September 2017}}</ref>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=2–40% dari populasi<ref name=Valat2010>{{cite journal|last=Valat|first=JP|author2=Genevay, S |author3=Marty, M |author4=Rozenberg, S |author5= Koes, B |title=Sciatica.|journal=Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology|date=April 2010|volume=24|issue=2|pages=241–52|pmid=20227645|doi=10.1016/j.berh.2009.11.005}}</ref>|deaths=}}'''Skiatika''' adalah [[nyeri]] yang terasa menjalar dari [[Punggung manusia|punggung bawah]] ke tungkai. <ref name="NIH2015">{{Cite web|title=Sciatica|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024494/|url-status=live|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307160812/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024494/|archive-date=7 March 2018}}</ref> Nyeri ini dapat pula menjalar ke beberapa bagian dari tungkai, seperti punggung, luar, atau bagian depan kaki. <ref name="NEJM2015">{{Cite journal|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151|last=Ropper|first=AH}}</ref> Serangan nyeri sering terjadi tiba-tiba setelah aktivitas seperti angkat berat. Awitan nyeri juga dapat terjadi secara bertahap. <ref name="FowlerScadding2003">{{Cite book|last=T.J. Fowler|last2=J.W. Scadding|date=28 November 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k56tZUQ8RfkC&pg=PA59|title=Clinical Neurology, 3Ed|publisher=CRC|isbn=978-0-340-80798-9|page=59|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328205908/https://books.google.com/books?id=k56tZUQ8RfkC&pg=PA59|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Biasanya penderita seringkali mengalami nyeri seperti ditembak di bagian tubuh yang terdampak.<ref name="NIH2015">{{cite web|title=Sciatica|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024494/|accessdate=2 July 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307160812/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024494/|archivedate=7 March 2018}}</ref> Umumnya, gejala hanya ada di satu sisi dari tubuh. <ref name="NEJM2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref> Pada beberapa kesempatan, nyeri juga dapat dialami di kedua sisi tubuh. <ref name="NEJM2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref> [[Nyeri punggung|Nyeri punggung bagian bawah]] juga kadang-kadang muncul. <ref name="NEJM2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref> Kelemahan atau mati rasa juga dapat terjadi di berbagai bagian tungkai dan kaki yang terkena. <ref name="NEJM2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ropper|first1=AH|last2=Zafonte|first2=RD|title=Sciatica.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=26 March 2015|volume=372|issue=13|pages=1240–8|pmid=25806916|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1410151}}</ref>

 

 

Dalam kebanyakan kasus, pencitraan medis sebenarnya tidak diperlukan.<ref name="NIH2014b">{{Cite web|title=Slipped disk: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|date=October 9, 2014|url-status=live|last=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183135/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072656/|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Akan tetapi, pencitraan sebaiknya dilakukan jika ditemukan ada masalah dalam fungsi usus atau kandung kemih, adanya kehilangan rasa atau kelemahan yang signifikan pada tungkai, gejala sudah berlangsung lama, atau ada kekhawatiran akan adanya tumor ataupun infeksi.<ref name="NIH2014b" /> Gejala penyakit yang mungkin muncul mirip dengan kasus ini adalah penyakit panggul dan infeksi [[herpes zoster]] dini (sebelum adanya ruam). <ref name="NEJM2015" />