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[[Berkas:William Hogarth - David Garrick as Richard III - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[David Garrick]] in ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' on stage]]
'''Pemeran''' adalah individu yang memerankan suatu [[Tokoh fiksi|karakter]] dalam produksi,<ref>"The dramatic world can be extended to include the 'author', the 'audience' and even the 'theatre'; but these remain 'possible' surrogates, not the 'actual' referents as such" (Elam 1980, 110).</ref> baik dalam media tradisional seperti [[teater]], maupun di media modern seperti [[film]], [[radio]], dan [[televisi]]. Istilah "aktor" berasal dari bahasa Yunani {{wikt-lang|grc|ὑποκριτής|italic=yes}} ({{grc-transl|ὑποκριτής}}), yang artinya secara harfiah "penjawab".<ref name="hypocrite">{{cite web|title=Definition of actor|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/actor?q=actor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116145550/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/actor?q=actor|archive-date=January 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}''Hypokrites'' (related to our word for [[Hypocrisy|hypocrite]]) also means, less often, "to answer" the [[Tragedy|tragic]] [[Greek chorus|chorus]]. See Weimann (1978, 2); see also Csapo and Slater, who offer translations of classical source material using the term ''hypocrisis'' ([[acting]]) (1994, 257, 265–267).</ref> [[Seni peran]] yang dilakukan oleh aktor dalam memerankan karakter, baik berdasarkan figur nyata maupun fiksi, sering diistilahkan sebagai "peran aktor". Istilah ini juga terkait dengan penggunaan [[Naskah gulung|gulungan]] dalam teater klasik. Proses interpretasi karakter oleh pemeran bisa terjadi bahkan ketika mereka "memerankan diri mereka sendiri" dalam bentuk [[seni pertunjukan]] eksperimental.
Di zaman [[Yunani kuno]], era [[abad pertengahan]], dan selama periode [[William Shakespeare]] di Inggris, secara umum, hanya pria yang diperbolehkan untuk berperan sebagai pemeran, sehingga peran perempuan seringkali diperankan oleh pria atau anak laki-laki.<ref name="Neziroski 2003">{{cite web|url=http://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/narrativelyricdrama.htm|title=narrative, lyric, drama|last=Neziroski |first=Lirim|year=2003|work=Theories of Media :: Keywords Glossary :: multimedia|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=14 March 2009|quote=For example, until the late 1600s, audiences were opposed to seeing women on stage, because of the belief stage performance reduced them to the status of showgirls and prostitutes. Even [[Shakespeare]]'s plays were performed by boys dressed in drag.}}</ref> Meskipun di Romawi Kuno ada perempuan yang berperan di panggung, hanya sedikit dari mereka yang mendapatkan peran berbicara. Namun, tradisi [[commedia dell'arte]] di Italia telah memungkinkan perempuan profesional untuk tampil sejak awal. [[Lucrezia Di Siena]], yang namanya tercatat dalam kontrak pemeran sejak 10 Oktober 1564, diakui sebagai pemeran perempuan Italia pertama yang terkenal. [[Vincenza Armani]] dan [[Barbara Flaminia]] termasuk di antara primadona dan pemeran perempuan pertama yang dokumentasi mengenai kehidupan mereka cukup terkenal di [[Italy]], dan juga di Eropa secara keseluruhan.<ref name="auto">Giacomo Oreglia (2002). Commedia dell'arte. Ordfront. {{ISBN|91-7324-602-6}}</ref> Setelah [[Restorasi Stuart|Restorasi Inggris]] pada tahun 1660, perempuan mulai tampil di atas panggung di Inggris. Dalam dunia modern, terutama dalam pertunjukan pantomim dan beberapa opera, perempuan terkadang memainkan peran anak laki-laki atau pria muda.<ref name="PDF">{{cite web|url=http://www.s-sj.org/pdfs/St-Dusinberre-web.pdf|title=Boys Becoming Women in Shakespeare's Plays|author=JULIET DUSINBERRE|website=S-sj.org|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723174901/http://www.s-sj.org/pdfs/St-Dusinberre-web.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Pendidikan seorang pemeran ==
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Setelah ATNI bubar, muncullah [[Akademi Seni Drama dan Film]] (ASDRAFI) di [[Yogyakarta]] yang didirikan oleh [[Sri Murtono]]. Kemudian muncul [[Akademi Teater]] di [[Bandung]]. Selanjutnya terdapat pula jurusan teater di [[Institut Kesenian Jakarta]] (IKJ) dan [[Institut Seni Indonesia]] (ISI) di Yogyakarta. Lulusan jurusan teater IKJ yang terkemuka antara lain adalah [[Deddy Mizwar]], [[Didi Petet]], [[Sena A. Utoyo]], Edi Riwanto, [[Joseph Ginting]], [[Mathias Muchus]], [[Eeng Saptahadi]], [[Krisno Bosa]], [[Arthur Tobing]], [[Jeremias Nyangoen]], [[Linda Djatnika]], [[Epy Kusnandar]], [[Derry Drajat]], [[Yadi Timo]], Bagus Arsana, [[Ucok R. Siregar]], [[O'im Ibrahim]], [[Riyanto]], [[Ana Pinem]], Jerio Jeffry, [[Ence Bagus Hartono]], dan sebagainya.
==
{{Reflist}}
===Sumber===
* Csapo, Eric, and William J. Slater. 1994. ''The Context of Ancient Drama.'' Ann Arbor: The U of Michigan P. {{ISBN|0-472-08275-2}}.
* Elam, Keir. 1980. ''The [[Semiotics]] of Theatre and Drama''. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Methuen. {{ISBN|0-416-72060-9}}.
* Weimann, Robert. 1978. ''Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater: Studies in the Social Dimension of Dramatic Form and Function.'' Ed. Robert Schwartz. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. {{ISBN|0-8018-3506-2}}.
==Bacaan lanjutan==
* ''An Actor's Work'' by [[Constantin Stanislavski]]
* ''A Dream of Passion: The Development of the Method'' by [[Lee Strasberg]] (Plume Books, {{ISBN|0-452-26198-8}}, 1990)
* ''Sanford Meisner on Acting'' by [[Sanford Meisner]] (Vintage, {{ISBN|0-394-75059-4}}, 1987)
* ''Letters to a Young Actor'' by [[Robert Brustein]] (Basic Books, {{ISBN|0-465-00806-2}}, 2005)
* ''[[The Empty Space]]'' by [[Peter Brook]] (1st ed by Atheneum, {{ISBN|0-689-70558-1}}, 1968)
* ''The Technique of Acting'' by [[Stella Adler]] (Bantam Books, {{ISBN|0-553-05299-3}}, 1988)
==Pranala luar==
{{Wiktionary|actor|actress|player}}
* [http://www.sag.org/ Screen Actors Guild (SAG)]: a union representing U. S. film and TV actors.
* [http://www.actorsequity.org/ Actors' Equity Association (AEA)]: a union representing U. S. theatre actors and stage managers.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720195027/http://www.aftra.org/ American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA)]: a union representing U. S. television and radio actors and broadcasters (on-air journalists, etc.).
* [http://www.equity.org.uk/ British Actors' Equity]: a trade union representing UK artists, including actors, singers, dancers, choreographers, stage managers, theatre directors and designers, variety and circus artists, television and radio presenters, walk-on and supporting artists, [[stunt performer]]s and directors and theatre fight directors.
* [http://www.alliance.org.au Media Entertainment & Arts Alliance]: an Australian/New Zealand trade union representing everyone in the media, entertainment, sports, and arts industries.
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