Hong Kong: Perbedaan antara revisi

== TransportasiAngkutan Umum ==

Hong Kong memiliki sistemtata transportasiangkutan dalam kota yang mapan dan modern yang terdiri dari [[kereta api]], [[bus]], [[tram]], [[feri]], dan [[taksi]]. Lebih dari 90% perjalanan harian (sekitar 11 juta) bergantung pada transportasiangkutan umum,<ref name="TD">{{cite web|url=http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/introduction/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707095241/http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/introduction/index.htm|archivedate=7 July 2008|title=Public Transport Introduction|publisher=[[Transport Department (Hong Kong)|Transport Department]], Hong Kong Government|accessdate=13 July 2008}}</ref> salah satu yang tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="pubtransport">{{cite book|first=William H. K.|last=Lam|first2=Michael G. H.|last2=Bell|year=2003|title=Advanced Modeling for Transit Operations and Service Planning|url=https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling00lamw|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling00lamw/page/n239 231]|isbn=978-0-08-044206-8}}</ref> Hampir semua layanan transportasiangutan umum dapat dibayar menggunakan [[kartu Octopus]], sistem kartu bersaldo yang diperkenalkan oleh [[MTR]].<ref name="octopus">{{cite web|url=http://www.octopuscards.com/consumer/products/en/index.jsp|title=Octopus Card Information|publisher=[[Octopus Cards Limited]]|accessdate=10 December 2008|archive-date=2007-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224121453/http://www.octopuscards.com/consumer/products/en/index.jsp|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Octopus: The Growing E-payment System in Hong Kong|last=Poon|first=Simpson|journal=Electronic Markets|last2=Chau|first2=Patrick|doi=10.1080/101967801300197016|volume= 11|issue=2|date=February 2001|pages=97–106|publisher=Informa}}</ref>

Jaringan kereta utama ([[Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation|KCRC]]) digabung dengan MTR tahun 2007, menjadikan jaringan kereta komprehensifmenyeluruh di negara ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200604/11/P200604110236.htm|title=Press Release: Government has reached understanding with MTRCL on the terms for merging the MTR and KCR systems|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=11 April 2006|accessdate=17 November 2007|archive-date=2018-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113004625/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200604/11/P200604110236.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sistem angkutan cepat MTR memiliki 152 stasiun yang melayani 3,4 juta orang tiap hari.<ref name="mtr">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/tourist_intro.html|title=Tourist Information|publisher=Mass Transit Railway|accessdate=29 April 2008|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416103736/http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/tourist_intro.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Hong Kong Tramways]], yang sudah ada sejak 1904, menjangkau bagian utara dari Pulau Hong Kong.<ref name="trams">{{cite web|url=http://www.hktramways.com/en/company/index.html|title=The Company|publisher=[[Hong Kong Tramways]]|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410081756/http://www.hktramways.com/en/company/index.html<!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=10 April 2008}}</ref>

Pelayanan bus di Hong Kong dikelola oleh 5 perusahaan swasta yang mengoperasikan lebih dari 700 rute. OperatorPengelola paling besar adalah [[Kowloon Motor Bus]], memiliki 402 rute di Kowloon dan New Territories, dan [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]], yang mengoperasikan 154 rute di Pulau Hong Kong. [[Bus tingkat]] pertama kali beroperasi di Hong Kong tahun 1949 dan sampai saat ini masih ada. Ada juga bus kecil yang beroperasi di jalur-jalur tertentu.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The relationship between car ownership and public transport provision: a case study of Hong Kong|last=Cullinane|first=S.|date=January 2002|volume= 9|issue=1|pages=29–39|journal=Transport Policy| doi = 10.1016/S0967-070X(01)00028-2}}</ref>

Layanan feri [[Star Ferry]], didirikan 1888, mengoperasikan 2 jalur menyeberangi [[Pelabuhan Victoria]] dan memberikan panorama Hong Kong, dengan jumlah penumpang harian 53.000 orang.<ref name="ferryyears">{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/11/10/news/ferry.php|last=Ng|first=Tze-wei|title=Not even HK's storied Star Ferry can face down developers|newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=10 November 2006|accessdate=1 September 2010|archive-date=2006-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110145541/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/11/10/news/ferry.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Layanan feri lainnya beroperasi di Pulau Hong Kong, Makau sampai kota-kota di Tiongkok. Hong Kong terkenal dengan [[Kapal jung|junknya]] dan feri kecil [[kai-to]] yang beroperasi ke wilayah terpencil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/travel/cityguide/article/0,31489,1850110_1850124_1850315,00.html|title=Hong Kong: 10 Things to Do in 24 Hours|first=Liam|last=Fitzpatrick|work=Time|accessdate=31 August 2010|archive-date=2013-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826124348/http://www.time.com/time/travel/cityguide/article/0,31489,1850110_1850124_1850315,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Fields from the sea: Chinese junk trade with Siam during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries|first=Jennifer Wayne|last=Cushman|year=1993|page=57|publisher=SEAP Publications|isbn=0-87727-711-7}}</ref> [[Pelabuhan Hong Kong]] adalah pelabuhan laut dalam yang sibuk, melayani terutama pengiriman kontainerpeti kemas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hit.com.hk/|title=HIT:: Hongkong International Terminals|accessdate=22 February 2011|archive-date=2019-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505225356/https://www.hit.com.hk/|dead-url=no}}</ref>