Istri Karna: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[File:Karan_offering_an_old_poor_man,_bent_with_age_and_destitution,_a_Kavach_that_is_embedded_in_his_arms_and_is_retrieved_by_culling_with_a_knife.jpg|thumb|[[Karna]] (center) sacrifices his divine armour, while his wife watches in distress—a scene from the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' by Bamapada Banerjee|alt=]]
In the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the wife of the warrior [[Karna]] is unnamed and in the ''[[Stri Parva]]'' of the epic, she is mentioned as the mother of [[Vrishasena]] and Sushena, the most prominent sons of Karna.
Karna's wives are subjects of fantasy and different stories and folktales portray different women as the wives of Karna. The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] play ''Karna Moksham'' portray '''Ponnuruvi''' as his wife, while the regional ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharata]]'' states her to be '''Padmavati'''. In many modern adaptations of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna is married to two women—'''Vrushali''' and '''Supriya'''.
==In the ''Mahabharata'' ==
Karna's wives play insignificant roles in the original epic. In the ''[[Udyoga Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna—while explaining his commitment towards his foster parents—mentions them.<ref name = "Mc">{{Cite book|last=McGrath|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC&q=Kar%E1%B9%87a+wife|title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata|date=2004-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13729-5|language=en|page=114}}</ref>
{{blockquote|text=When also I attained to youth, I married wives according to his [<nowiki/>[[Adhiratha]]<nowiki/>] selections. Through them have been born my sons and grandsons, O Janardana. My heart also, O Krishna, and all the bonds of affection and love, are fixed on them.|source=Karna, translated by [[Kisari Mohan Ganguli]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section CXLI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05141.htm|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}}
In the epic's ''[[Stri Parva]]'', [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], the mother of [[Duryodhana]] (antagonist of the ''Mahabharata''), describes the grief of women after the [[Kurukshetra War]]. The sorrow of a wife of Karna is also described by her.<ref name = "Mc" />
{{blockquote|text=Behold, the wife of Karna and mother of Vrishasena, is indulging in piteous lamentations and crying and weeping and falling upon the ground! Even now she exclaims, "Without doubt, thy preceptor’s curse hath pursued thee! When the wheel of thy car was swallowed up by the Earth, the cruel Dhananjaya cut off thy head with an arrow! Alas, fie (on the heroism and skill)!
That lady, the mother of Sushena, exceedingly afflicted and uttering cries of woe, is falling down, deprived of her senses, at the sight of the mighty-armed and brave Karna prostrated on the earth, with his waist still encircled with a belt of gold. Carnivorous creatures, feeding on the body of that illustrious hero, have reduced it to very small dimensions. The sight is not gladdening, like that of the moon on the fourteenth night of the dark fortnight. Falling down on the earth, the cheerless dame is rising up again. Burning with grief on account of the death of her son also, she cometh and smelleth the face of her lord!"|source=Gandhari, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 21|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11020.htm|year = 1883–1896|website=www.sacred-texts.com|author = Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>}}
==In derivative literature==
=== Vrushali ===
The wife of Karna belonging to the ''Suta'' (charioteer) community is attested as Vrushali (also spelt as Vrishali) in the Marathi novels ''Radheya'' (by [[Ranjit Desai]]), and ''Mritunjaya'' (by [[Shivaji Sawant]]).<ref name="PB">{{Cite web|title=The Novel As Epic by Pradip Bhattacharya|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/5594/the-novel-as-epic|access-date=2021-07-17|website=www.boloji.com}}</ref> The name becomes popular in recent times due to its mentions in many modern adaptations based on Karna's life.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishnan|first=S. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsKlDwAAQBAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya&pg=PA50|title=Karna, the son of Kunti: Stories from the Mahabharatha|date=2017-07-01|publisher=SA Krishnan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kotru|first1=Umesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBMfCAAAQBAJ&q=vrishali+supriya|title=Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata|last2=Zutshi|first2=Ashutosh|date=2015-03-01|publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5201-304-3|language=en}}</ref> According to the tale, Vrushali was a good friend of Karna from their childhood. When Karna grew up, Adhiratha chose her as the bride for his son. She is described to be wise and pious. After the death of her sons and husband, she ended her life on her husband's pyre.<ref name = "PB" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sāvanta|first=Śivājī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zewDQgAACAAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya|title=Mrityunjaya, the Death Conqueror: The Story of Karna|date=1989|publisher=Writers Workshop|isbn=978-81-7189-002-6|language=en}}</ref>
=== Supriya ===
Supriya ([[Sanskrit]]: सुप्रिया, {{IAST3|Vrushali}}) is considered as Karna's second wife, the first being Vrushali. According to scholar Pradip Bhattacharya, Supriya is a creation of [[Shivaji Sawant]] and her name parallels with [[Subhadra]], the wife of Karna's rival [[Arjuna]].<ref name = "PB" /> In ''Mritunjaya'', Supriya is the maid of [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]], princess of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]. When the King of Kalinga organises Bhanumati's [[swayamvara]], [[Duryodhana]] abducts Bhanumati with the help of Karna and marries her. Duryodhana getsSupriya married to Karna.<ref name = "PB" />
===Padmavati===
In the ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharat]]'' (the [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] retelling of the epic), Padmavati is the wife of Karna. She was the maid of princess Asawari. They were rescued by [[Karna]] from some attackers. When Karna asks Asawari's father, the king, for her hand, the king rejected her marriage with Karna. Later, Karna attacked the kings at Asawari's ''swaymvara''. Karna asked her if she would like to marry him. She says that she will do anything to save her father. Karna then accepts her maid Padmavati as his wife instead. Padmavati marries him and goes to [[Anga Kingdom]] with him.
===Ponnuruvi===
Ponnuruvi is the wife of Karna in the ''Karna Moksham'' of [[Kattaikkuttu]], a Tamil drama written by Pukalentippulavar. She plays a major role in it and is depicted as a princess belonging to [[Kshatriya]] (warrior) community.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|p=132}} In the play, she is the princess of Kalinga and the story of her marriage is based on the ''Mahabharata''<nowiki/>'s narration of the abduction of the Kalinga princess. Though the princess marries Duryodhana in the original epic, in these folklores, she is named Ponnuruvi and is married to Karna because he was the one who touched her during the abduction.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hiltebeitel|first=Alf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lLfHSOWKB-sC&dq=ponnuruvi+kalinga&pg=PA521|title=Reading the Fifth Veda: Studies on the Mahābhārata - Essays by Alf Hiltebeitel|date=2011-07-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18566-1|language=en}}</ref> ''Karna Moksham'' depicts her as abusive towards Karna as his lineage is not specified and she believes him to be of the lower caste. She doesn't even let Karna touch his son. However, when Karna discloses his true lineage before going to the Kurukshetra War, her attitude drastically changes and she apologizes. She advises Karna to not kill the [[Pandavas]] (Karna's half-brothers). She also advises him to leave the side of the Duryodhana. However, Karna refuses as believes Duryodhana to be his true friend. After Karna dies in the war, Ponnuruvi laments his death. Ponnuruvi is also said to have inspired the creation of the character Uruvi in the novel Karna's Wife: The Outcast's Queen written by Kavita Kane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karna|url=https://www.kattaikkuttu.org/karna|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Kattaikkuttu|language=en-US}}</ref>
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
==Catatan kaki==
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