[[File:Karan_offering_an_old_poor_man,_bent_with_age_and_destitution,_a_Kavach_that_is_embedded_in_his_arms_and_is_retrieved_by_culling_with_a_knife.jpg|thumb|[[Karna]] ( centertengah) sacrificesmengorbankan hisbaju divinebesi armourilahi, whilesementara hisistrinya wifemenyaksikan watchesdalam inkesusahan—adegan distress—a scene from thedari ''[[Mahabharata]]'' byoleh Bamapada Banerjee|alt=]] ▼{{Sedang ditulis}}
Dalam [[Epos Hindu]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', istri pejuang [[Karna]] tidak disebutkan namanya dan dalam ''[[Striparwa]]'' dari epik tersebut, dia disebutkan sebagai ibu dari [[Wresasena]] dan Sushena, putra Karna yang paling terkemuka.
▲[[File:Karan_offering_an_old_poor_man,_bent_with_age_and_destitution,_a_Kavach_that_is_embedded_in_his_arms_and_is_retrieved_by_culling_with_a_knife.jpg|thumb|[[Karna]] (center) sacrifices his divine armour, while his wife watches in distress—a scene from the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' by Bamapada Banerjee|alt=]]
In the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the wife of the warrior [[Karna]] is unnamed and in the ''[[Stri Parva]]'' of the epic, she is mentioned as the mother of [[Vrishasena]] and Sushena, the most prominent sons of Karna.
Istri Karna's wivesadalah aresubjek subjectsfantasi ofdan fantasyberbagai andcerita differentserta storiescerita andrakyat folktalesmenggambarkan portraywanita differentyang womenberbeda assebagai the wives ofistri Karna. TheDrama [[Bahasa Tamil language|Tamil]] play ''Karna Moksham'' portraymenggambarkan '''Ponnuruvi''' assebagai his wifeistrinya, whilesedangkan thedrama regionaldaerah ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharata]]'' statesmenyatakannya her to besebagai '''Padmavati'''. InDalam manybanyak adaptasi modern adaptations of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna ismenikah marrieddengan todua twowanita—Vrushali women—'''Vrushali'''dan and '''Supriya'''.
==In the ''Mahabharata'' == ▼Karna's wives play insignificant roles in the original epic. In the ''[[Udyoga Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna—while explaining his commitment towards his foster parents—mentions them.<ref name = "Mc">{{Cite book|last=McGrath|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC&q=Kar%E1%B9%87a+wife|title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata|date=2004-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13729-5|language=en|page=114}}</ref> ▼{{blockquote|text=When also I attained to youth, I married wives according to his [<nowiki/>[[Adhiratha]]<nowiki/>] selections. Through them have been born my sons and grandsons, O Janardana. My heart also, O Krishna, and all the bonds of affection and love, are fixed on them.|source=Karna, translated by [[Kisari Mohan Ganguli]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section CXLI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05141.htm|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}} ▼
▲== In theDalam ''Mahabharata'' ==
In the epic's ''[[Stri Parva]]'', [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], the mother of [[Duryodhana]] (antagonist of the ''Mahabharata''), describes the grief of women after the [[Kurukshetra War]]. The sorrow of a wife of Karna is also described by her.<ref name = "Mc" />
▲Istri Karna 's wivesmemainkan playperan insignificantkecil rolesdalam inepik the original epicaslinya. In theDalam ''[[Udyoga Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna—while explainingKarna—sambil hismenjelaskan commitmentkomitmennya towardsterhadap hisorang fostertua parents—mentionsangkatnya—menyebutkan themmereka.<ref name = "Mc">{{Cite book|last=McGrath|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC&q=Kar%E1%B9%87a+wife|title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata|date=2004-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13729-5|language=en|page=114}}</ref>
{{blockquote|text=Behold, the wife of Karna and mother of Vrishasena, is indulging in piteous lamentations and crying and weeping and falling upon the ground! Even now she exclaims, "Without doubt, thy preceptor’s curse hath pursued thee! When the wheel of thy car was swallowed up by the Earth, the cruel Dhananjaya cut off thy head with an arrow! Alas, fie (on the heroism and skill)!
▲{{blockquote|text= WhenKetika alsoaku Imencapai attainedusia to youthmuda, Iaku marriedmenikahi wivesistri-istri accordingsesuai todengan hispilihannya [<nowiki/>[[Adhiratha]] <nowiki/>] selections. ThroughMelalui themmereka havetelah beenlahir bornputra mydan sons and grandsonscucuku, Owahai Janardana. MyHatiku heart alsojuga, Ooh Krishna, anddan allseluruh theikatan bondskasih ofsayang affectiondan and lovecinta, are fixedtertuju onpada themmereka.|source=Karna, translatedditerjemahkan byoleh [[Kisari Mohan Ganguli]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section CXLI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05141.htm|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}}
Dalam epos ''[[Striparwa]]'', [[Gandari]], ibu dari [[Duryodana]] (antagonis Mahabharata''), menggambarkan kesedihan wanita setelahnya [[Perang Kurukshetra]]. Kesedihan istri Karna pun digambarkannya.<ref name = "Mc" />
That lady, the mother of Sushena, exceedingly afflicted and uttering cries of woe, is falling down, deprived of her senses, at the sight of the mighty-armed and brave Karna prostrated on the earth, with his waist still encircled with a belt of gold. Carnivorous creatures, feeding on the body of that illustrious hero, have reduced it to very small dimensions. The sight is not gladdening, like that of the moon on the fourteenth night of the dark fortnight. Falling down on the earth, the cheerless dame is rising up again. Burning with grief on account of the death of her son also, she cometh and smelleth the face of her lord!"|source=Gandhari, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 21|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11020.htm|year = 1883–1896|website=www.sacred-texts.com|author = Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>}}
{{blockquote|text=Lihatlah, istri Karna dan ibu Vrishasena, sedang larut dalam ratapan memilukan dan menangis dan menangis dan terjatuh ke tanah! Bahkan sekarang dia berseru, “Tak diragukan lagi, kutukan pembimbingmu telah mengejarmu! Ketika roda mobilmu ditelan bumi, Dhananjaya yang kejam memenggal kepalamu dengan anak panah! Aduh, fie (atas kepahlawanan dan keterampilan) !
==In derivative literature==
Wanita itu, ibu Sushena, yang sangat menderita dan menjerit-jerit kesedihan, terjatuh, kehilangan akal sehatnya, saat melihat Karna yang bertangan perkasa dan gagah berani bersujud di bumi, dengan pinggangnya masih melingkari ikat pinggang. emas. Makhluk karnivora, yang memakan tubuh pahlawan termasyhur itu, telah mereduksinya menjadi dimensi yang sangat kecil. Pemandangannya tidak menyenangkan, seperti pemandangan bulan di malam keempat belas dari dua minggu yang gelap. Jatuh ke bumi, gadis yang tak ceria itu bangkit kembali. Terbakar kesedihan karena kematian putranya, dia datang dan mencium wajah tuannya!”|source=Gandari, diterjemahkan oleh Kisari Mohan Ganguli<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 21|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11020.htm|year = 1883–1896|website=www.sacred-texts.com|author = Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>}}
==Dalam budaya turunan==
=== Vrushali ===
TheIstri wifeKarna ofyang Karnatergabung belongingdalam tokomunitas the ''Suta'' (charioteerkusir) communitydibuktikan is attested assebagai Vrushali (alsojuga speltdieja assebagai Vrishali) indalam thenovel Marathi novels ''Radheya'' (byoleh [[Ranjit Desai]]), anddan ''Mritunjaya' ' (byoleh [[Shivaji Sawant]]).<ref name="PB">{{Cite web|title=The Novel As Epic by Pradip Bhattacharya|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/5594/the-novel-as-epic|access-date=2021-07-17|website=www.boloji.com}}</ref> The name becomesNama populartersebut inmenjadi recentpopuler timesbelakangan dueini tokarena itsdisebutkan mentionsdalam inbanyak manyadaptasi modern adaptationsberdasarkan based onkehidupan Karna's life.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishnan|first=S. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsKlDwAAQBAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya&pg=PA50|title=Karna, the son of Kunti: Stories from the Mahabharatha|date=2017-07-01|publisher=SA Krishnan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kotru|first1=Umesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBMfCAAAQBAJ&q=vrishali+supriya|title=Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata|last2=Zutshi|first2=Ashutosh|date=2015-03-01|publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5201-304-3|language=en}}</ref> AccordingMenurut to the taledongeng, Vrushali wasadalah ateman good friend ofbaik Karna from theirsejak childhoodkecil. WhenKetika Karna grewbesar upnanti, Adhiratha chosememilihnya hersebagai aspengantin theuntuk bride for his sonputranya. SheDia isdigambarkan describedbijaksana todan be wise and pioussaleh. AfterSetelah thekematian deathputra of her sons anddan husbandsuaminya, shedia endedmengakhiri herhidupnya lifedi ontumpukan her husband'skayu pyresuaminya.<ref name = "PB" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sāvanta|first=Śivājī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zewDQgAACAAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya|title=Mrityunjaya, the Death Conqueror: The Story of Karna|date=1989|publisher=Writers Workshop|isbn=978-81-7189-002-6|language=en}}</ref>
=== Supriya ===
Supriya ([[Sanskrit]]: सुप्रिया, {{IAST3|Vrushali}}) isdianggap consideredsebagai asistri kedua Karna's second wife, theyang firstpertama beingadalah Vrushali. According toMenurut scholarsarjana Pradip Bhattacharya, Supriya isadalah a creation ofciptaan [[Shivaji Sawant]] anddan hernamanya namesejajar parallels withdengan [[SubhadraSubadra]], theistri wife ofsaingan Karna's rival [[Arjuna]].<ref name = "PB" /> InDalam ''Mritunjaya'', Supriya isadalah the maid ofpelayan [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|BhanumatiBanowati]], princess ofputri [[KalingaKalingga (historical regionIndia)|KalingaKalingga]]. WhenKetika the King ofRaja Kalinga organises Bhanumati'smengatur [[swayamvarasayembara]] Banowati, [[Duryodhana]] abductsmenculik Bhanumati withdengan the help ofbantuan Karna anddan marries hermenikahinya. Duryodhana getsSupriyamenikahkan Supriya married todengan Karna.<ref name = "PB" />
===Padmavati===
In theDalam ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharat]]'' (the [[BengaliBahasa LanguageBengali|Bengali]] retellingyang ofmenceritakan thekembali epicepik tersebut), Padmavati is the wifeadalah ofistri Karna. SheDia wasadalah thepelayan maid of princessputri Asawari. They wereMereka rescueddiselamatkan byoleh [[Karna]] fromdari somebeberapa attackerspenyerang. WhenKetika Karna asksmeminta ayah Asawari's father, thesang kingraja, for heruntuk handmeminangnya, theraja kingmenolak rejectedpernikahannya her marriage withdengan Karna. LaterKemudian, Karna attackedmenyerang theraja-raja kings at Asawari'sdi ''swaymvara'' Asawari. Karna asked her ifbertanya shepadanya wouldapakah likedia toingin marrymenikah himdengannya. SheDia saysmengatakan thatbahwa shedia willakan domelakukan anythingapa topun saveuntuk hermenyelamatkan fatherayahnya. Karna thenkemudian acceptsmenerima her maidpembantunya Padmavati assebagai his wife insteadistrinya. Padmavati marriesmenikahinya himdan andpergi goes toke [[Anga|Kerajaan KingdomAngga]] with himbersamanya.
===Ponnuruvi===
Ponnuruvi isadalah the wife ofistri Karna indalam the ''Karna Moksham'' ofdari [[Kattaikkuttu]], asebuah drama Tamil dramayang writtenditulis byoleh Pukalentippulavar. She plays aDia majormemainkan roleperan inutama itdi anddalamnya isdan depicteddigambarkan assebagai aseorang princessputri belongingmilik tokomunitas [[KshatriyaKesatria]] (warriorprajurit) community.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|p=132}} InDalam thelakon playtersebut, shedia isadalah the princess ofputri Kalinga anddan thekisah storypernikahannya ofdidasarkan herpada marriagenarasi is based on the ''Mahabharata''<nowiki/>'s narrationtentang ofpenculikan the abduction of theputri Kalinga princess. ThoughMeskipun thesang princessputri marriesmenikahi Duryodhana in thedalam originalepos epicaslinya, indalam thesecerita folkloresrakyat ini, shedia is namedbernama Ponnuruvi anddan ismenikah married todengan Karna becausekarena hedialah wasyang themenyentuhnya one who touched her during theselama abductionpenculikan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hiltebeitel|first=Alf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lLfHSOWKB-sC&dq=ponnuruvi+kalinga&pg=PA521|title=Reading the Fifth Veda: Studies on the Mahābhārata - Essays by Alf Hiltebeitel|date=2011-07-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18566-1|language=en}}</ref> ''Karna Moksham'' depictsmenggambarkan herdia assebagai abusiveorang towardsyang kasar terhadap Karna askarena hisgaris lineageketurunannya istidak notditentukan specifieddan anddia shepercaya believesdia himberasal todari bekasta ofyang the lowerlebih casterendah. SheDia doesn'tbahkan eventidak letmembiarkan Karna touchmenyentuh his sonputranya. HoweverNamun, whenketika Karna disclosesmengungkapkan hissilsilah trueaslinya lineagesebelum beforeberangkat goingke to thePerang Kurukshetra War, hersikapnya attitudeberubah drasticallydrastis changesdan dia andmeminta she apologizesmaaf. SheDia advisesmenasihati Karna tountuk nottidak kill themembunuh [[PandavasPandawa]] (saudara tiri Karna's half-brothers). SheDia alsojuga advisesmenyarankan himdia tountuk leavemeninggalkan the side of thesisi Duryodhana. However,Namun Karna refusesmenolak askarena believespercaya Duryodhana toadalah beteman his true friendsejatinya. AfterSetelah Karna diesmeninggal indalam the warperang, Ponnuruvi lamentsmenyesali his deathkematiannya. Ponnuruvi isjuga alsodisebut-sebut saidmenginspirasi toterciptanya have inspired the creation of the characterkarakter Uruvi in thedalam novel Karna's Wife: The Outcast's Queen writtenyang byditulis oleh Kavita Kane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karna|url=https://www.kattaikkuttu.org/karna|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Kattaikkuttu|language=en-US}}</ref>
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
==Catatan kaki==
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