Zaman Sengoku: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Under construction}}{{untuk|periode perang serupa pada sejarah Tiongkok|Negara-Negara yang Berperang}}
{{Sejarah Jepang|Sengoku period battle.jpg|Image explanation = Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561}}
[[Kategori:Sejarah Jepang]]
{{nihongo|'''Zaman Sengoku'''|戦国時代|sengoku jidai|zaman negara-negara berperang}} (Abad ke-15 - Abad ke-16) adalah salah satu pembagian periode dalam [[sejarah Jepang]] yang dimulai sekitar tahun 1493 [[Peristiwa Meiōnoseihen]] (pergolakan di dalam [[klan Ashikaga]] untuk menentukan pewaris jabatan [[shogun]]) sampai shogun ke-15 [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki]] ditaklukkan oleh [[Oda Nobunaga]] yang menandai akhir [[zaman Muromachi]] dan mengawali [[zaman Azuchi Momoyama]]. Zaman Sengoku adalah akhir dari zaman Muromachi. Ada juga pendapat yang mengatakan [[zaman Azuchi Momoyama]] atau disebut juga {{nihongo|'''zaman Shokuhō'''|織豊時代|shokuhō jidai|zaman Oda Nobunaga-Toyotomi Hideyoshi-Akechi Mitsude}} sudah dimulai sejak Oda Nobunaga mulai bertugas di [[Kyoto]] sebagai pengikut Ashikaga Yoshiaki.
== Ringkasan ==
Selama zaman Sengoku, walaupun [[Kaisar Jepang]] secara resmi merupakan penguasa negeri dan seluruh bangsawan telah bersumpah setia kepadanya, Kaisar seringkali hanyalah dianggap sebagai tokoh seremonial, marginal, dan keagamaan yang mendelegasikan kekuasaannya kepada [[Syogun]], seorang bangsawan yang kurang lebih setara dengan seorang [[general]]. In the years preceding this era, the shogunate gradually lost influence and control over the ''[[Daimyō|daimyōs]]'' (local lords). Although the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] had retained the structure of the [[Kamakura shogunate]] and instituted a warrior government based on the same socio-economic rights and obligations established by the [[Hōjō clan|Hōjō]] with the [[Goseibai Shikimoku|''Jōei'' Code]] in 1232,{{clarify|date=November 2013}} it failed to win the loyalty of many ''daimyō'', especially those whose domains were far from the capital, [[Kyoto]]. Many of these lords began to fight with each other for control over land and influence over the shogunate. As trade with [[Ming dynasty|Ming China]] grew, the economy developed, and the use of money became widespread as markets and commercial cities appeared. Combined with developments in agriculture and small-scale trading, this led to the desire for greater local autonomy throughout all levels of the social hierarchy. As early as the beginning of the 15th century, the suffering caused by [[Earthquake|earthquakes]] and [[famines]] often served to trigger armed uprisings by farmers weary of debt and taxes.{{Cn|date=March 2023}}
Historians most often consider the [[Ōnin War]] (1467–1477), a ten-year conflict wrought by political turmoil, to be the trigger for what would come to be known as the Sengoku period. This [[civil war]] would clearly exemplify the [[Ashikaga shogunate|Ashikaga Shogunate]]’s waned authority over its [[Shogun|shogunal]] administration, the provincial [[daimyo]] and Japan as a whole; thereby a wave of unbridled conflict would spread across Japan and consume the states in an age of war. It is suggested by both scholars and authors that “''these succession disputes still might not have led to war were it not for the shōgun’s lack of leadership''.”<ref name=":0">Streich, Philip. "Ōnin War (1467–1477)." ''Japan at War'': ''An Encyclopedia'', edited by Louis G. Perez, ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp. 296-297. ''Gale eBooks'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2789100191/GVRL?u=psucic&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=56a79408. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.</ref><ref name=":1">Streich, Philip. "Civil Wars, Sengoku Era (1467–1570)." ''Japan at War'': ''An Encyclopedia'', edited by Louis G. Perez, ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp. 53-55. ''Gale eBooks'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2789100045/GVRL?u=psucic&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=3f87bd69. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.</ref>
The [[Ōnin War]], which devastated two-thirds of [[Kyoto]], was an event that rippled disarray across Japan.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to the military confrontations between separate states, there was also domestic fallout. In contempt of the shogunate, the daimyo who were subjected to remain in Kyoto instead returned to their [[Provinces of Japan|provinces]]. Consequentially, some of these daimyo found that their designated retainers or ''[[shugodai]]'', representatives of their states appointed in a daimyo’s absence, rose in power either to seize control of the domain or proclaim independence as a separate domain.<ref name=":1" />
Furthermore, weariness of war, socioeconomic unrest and poor aristocratical treatment invoked the wrath of the peasant class. Farmers, craftsmen, merchants and even villages would organize uprisings (known as ''“ikki”)'' against the ruling class. An extraordinary example of this can be observed in the [[Kaga Rebellion]], in which the local ''ikki'' had staged a large-scale revolt with the support of the [[True Pure Land Sect|True Pure Land sect]] (thereby establishing the term ''[[Ikkō-ikki|ikkō ikki]])'' and assumed control of the entire province of [[Kaga ikki|Kaga]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>Thornton, Sybil. "Ikkō Ikki." ''Japan at War'': ''An Encyclopedia'', edited by Louis G. Perez, ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp. 138-140. ''Gale eBooks'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2789100096/GVRL?u=psucic&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=b19f37eb. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.</ref>
The period culminated with a series of three warlords{{snd}} [[Oda Nobunaga]], [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]{{snd}} who gradually unified Japan. After Tokugawa Ieyasu's final victory at the [[siege of Osaka]] in 1615, Japan settled down into over 200 years of peace under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]].
== Garis waktu ==
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