Generasi Z: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Generasi Z (sering disingkat menjadi Gen Z), yang dalam bahasa sehari-hari dikenal sebagai zoomer,<ref name="Wordswatching2">{{cite web|date=October 2021|title=Words We're Watching: 'Zoomer'|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/words-were-watching-zoomer-gen-z|access-date=October 25, 2021|website=Merriam-Webster|archive-date=February 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211104338/https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/words-were-watching-zoomer-gen-z|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="zoomer Dictionary.com">{{cite web|title=zoomer|url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/zoomer/|access-date=June 14, 2020|website=Dictionary.com|date=January 16, 2020 |archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126150616/https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/zoomer/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of ZOOMER |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Zoomer |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> adalah kelompok demografis yang menggantikan Generasi Milenial dan sebelum Generasi Alfa. Para peneliti dan media populer menggunakan pertengahan hingga akhir tahun 1990-an sebagai tahun awal kelahiran dan awal tahun 2010-an sebagai tahun akhir kelahiran Gen Z. Sebagian besar anggota Gen Z adalah anak-anak Generasi X atau generasi Baby Boomer yang lebih muda.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 26, 2021 |title=Who Are the Parents of Gen Z? |url=https://www.signalvine.com/texting-best-practices/who-are-the-parents-of-gen-z-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407075919/https://www.signalvine.com/texting-best-practices/who-are-the-parents-of-gen-z-2 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |access-date=March 10, 2022 |website=Signal Vine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingl |first=Adam |date=November 17, 2022 |title=Gen Y vs. Gen Z: Understanding Similarities, Differences and Leadership Challenges |url=https://www.audacy.com/podcast/working-with-gen-z-0d9dc/episodes/gen-y-vs-gen-z-understanding-similarities-differences-and-leadership-challenges-opportunities-1f6ff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519224546/https://www.audacy.com/podcast/working-with-gen-z-0d9dc/episodes/gen-y-vs-gen-z-understanding-similarities-differences-and-leadership-challenges-opportunities-1f6ff |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |access-date=May 19, 2023 |website=www.audacy.com}}</ref>
Sebagai generasi sosial pertama yang tumbuh dengan akses ke Internet dan teknologi digital portabel sejak usia muda, Gen Z, meskipun belum melek digital, telah dijuluki "digital native" atau orang-orang yang tumbuh bersamaan dengan reformasi digital.<ref name="turner">{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Anthony |year=2015 |title=Generation Z: Technology And Social Interest |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/586631 |journal=Journal of Individual Psychology |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=103–113 |doi=10.1353/jip.2015.0021 |s2cid=146564218}}</ref><ref name="Twenge-2017">{{Cite news|last=Twenge|first=Jean|date=October 19, 2017|title=Teens are sleeping less – but there's a surprisingly easy fix|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/teens-are-sleeping-less-but-theres-a-surprisingly-easy-fix-85157|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042641/https://theconversation.com/teens-are-sleeping-less-but-theres-a-surprisingly-easy-fix-85157|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Strauss-2019">{{Cite news |last=Strauss |first=Valerie |date=November 16, 2019 |title=Today's kids might be digital natives — but a new study shows they aren't close to being computer literate |newspaper=The Washington Post |department=Education |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/11/16/todays-kids-may-be-digital-natives-new-study-shows-they-arent-close-being-computer-literate/?outputType=amp |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117165337/https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/11/16/todays-kids-may-be-digital-natives-new-study-shows-they-arent-close-being-computer-literate/?outputType=amp |archive-date=November 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Demopoulos |first=Alaina |date=February 28, 2023 |title='Scanners are complicated': why Gen Z faces workplace 'tech shame' |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/27/gen-z-tech-shame-office-technology-printers |access-date=May 13, 2023}}</ref> Selain itu, efek negatif dari menghabiskan waktu dengan layar paling terasa terjadi pada remaja, dibandingkan dengan anak-anak yang lebih kecil.<ref name="Adelantado-Renau-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Adelantado-Renau |first1=Mireia |last2=Moliner-Urdiales |first2=Diego |last3=Cavero-Redondo |first3=Iván |last4=Beltran-Valls |first4=Maria Reyes |last5=Martínez-Vizcaíno |first5=Vicente |last6=Álvarez-Bueno |first6=Celia |display-authors= |date=September 23, 2019 |title=Association Between Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |publisher=American Medical Association |volume=173 |issue=11 |pages=1058–1067 |doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176 |pmc=6764013 |pmid=31545344 |hdl=10234/186798}}</ref> Dibandingkan dengan generasi sebelumnya, Gen Z cenderung hidup lebih lambat dibandingkan pendahulunya ketika mereka seusia;<ref name="Economist-2018">{{Cite news|date=January 10, 2018|title=Teenagers are better behaved and less hedonistic nowadays|newspaper=The Economist|department=International|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2018/01/10/teenagers-are-better-behaved-and-less-hedonistic-nowadays|access-date=September 29, 2020|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919200157/https://www.economist.com/international/2018/01/10/teenagers-are-better-behaved-and-less-hedonistic-nowadays|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Twenge|first=Jean|date=September 19, 2017|title=Why today's teens aren't in any hurry to grow up|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/why-todays-teens-arent-in-any-hurry-to-grow-up-83920|access-date=November 13, 2020|archive-date=November 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174603/https://theconversation.com/why-todays-teens-arent-in-any-hurry-to-grow-up-83920|url-status=live}}</ref> memiliki tingkat kehamilan remaja yang lebih rendah; dan lebih jarang mengonsumsi alkohol (tetapi belum tentu obat psikoaktif lainnya).<ref name="Schepis-2020">{{Cite news|last=Schepis|first=Ty|date=November 19, 2020|title=College-age kids and teens are drinking less alcohol – marijuana is a different story|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/college-age-kids-and-teens-are-drinking-less-alcohol-marijuana-is-a-different-story-149895|access-date=November 21, 2020|archive-date=November 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121005043/https://theconversation.com/college-age-kids-and-teens-are-drinking-less-alcohol-marijuana-is-a-different-story-149895|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hymas-2020">{{Cite news|last=Hymas|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2020|title=Generation Z swap drink for drugs as class A use by 16-24-year-olds rises by half in seven years|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/12/09/generation-z-swap-drink-drugs-class-use-16-24-year-olds-rises/|url-status=live|access-date=December 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210113519/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/12/09/generation-z-swap-drink-drugs-class-use-16-24-year-olds-rises/|archive-date=December 10, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Chandler-Wilde-2020">{{Cite news|last=Chandler-Wilde|first=Helen|date=August 6, 2020|title=The future of Gen Z's mental health: How to fix the 'unhappiest generation ever'|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/mind/future-gen-zs-mental-health-fix-unhappiest-generation-ever/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/mind/future-gen-zs-mental-health-fix-unhappiest-generation-ever/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=August 8, 2020|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Remaja Z lebih peduli dibandingkan generasi yang lebih tua terhadap prestasi akademis dan prospek pekerjaan,<ref name="Economist-2019">{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2019 |title=Generation Z is stressed, depressed and exam-obsessed |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/02/27/generation-z-is-stressed-depressed-and-exam-obsessed |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 28, 2019 |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328223442/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/02/27/generation-z-is-stressed-depressed-and-exam-obsessed |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Economist-2018" /> dan lebih baik dalam menunda kepuasan dibandingkan generasi tahun 1960-an, meskipun ada kekhawatiran sebaliknya.<ref name="Protzko-2020">{{Cite journal|last=Protzko|first=John|date=May–June 2020|title=Kids These Days! Increasing delay of gratification ability over the past 50 years in children|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2020.101451|journal=Intelligence|volume=80|issue=101451|doi=10.1016/j.intell.2020.101451|s2cid=218789047|access-date=September 26, 2020|archive-date=February 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203075832/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289620300295?via%3Dihub|url-status=live}}</ref> Prevalensi sexting di kalangan remaja semakin meningkat; konsekuensi dari hal ini masih kurang dipahami.<ref name="DelRey-2019">{{Cite journal|last1=Del Rey|first1=Rosario|last2=Ojeda|first2=Mónica|last3=Casas|first3=José A.|last4=Mora-Merchán|first4=Joaquín A.|last5=Elipe|first5=Paz|date=August 21, 2019|editor-last=Rey|editor-first=Lourdes|title=Sexting Among Adolescents: The Emotional Impact and Influence of the Need for Popularity|department=Educational Psychology|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=10|issue=1828|page=1828|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828|pmid=31496968|pmc=6712510|doi-access=free}}</ref> Selain itu, budaya anak muda menjadi lebih senyap meskipun tidak hilang.<ref name="Petridis-2014">{{Cite news|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|date=March 20, 2014|title=Youth subcultures: what are they now?|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/mar/20/youth-subcultures-where-have-they-gone|access-date=January 4, 2021|archive-date=November 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122160414/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/mar/20/youth-subcultures-where-have-they-gone|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Watts-2017">{{Cite news|last=Watts|first=Peter|date=April 10, 2017|title=Is Youth Culture A Thing of the Past?|work=Apollo|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/is-youth-culture-a-thing-of-the-past/|access-date=January 4, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107035622/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/is-youth-culture-a-thing-of-the-past/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Secara global, terdapat bukti bahwa rata-rata usia pubertas di kalangan anak perempuan telah jauh menurun dibandingkan abad ke-20, yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan dan masa depan mereka.<ref name="Weir-2016">{{Cite journal|last=Weir|first=Kirsten|date=March 2016|title=The risks of earlier puberty|url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/03/puberty|journal=Monitor|publisher=American Psychological Association|volume=47|issue=3|pages=40|access-date=December 20, 2020|archive-date=September 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917125558/https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/03/puberty|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lamothe-2018">{{Cite web|last=Lamothe|first=Cindy|date=June 12, 2018|title=The health risks of maturing early|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180611-the-health-risks-of-girls-maturing-early|access-date=January 9, 2021|website=BBC Future|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125030648/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180611-the-health-risks-of-girls-maturing-early|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="U-Southampton-2005">{{Cite web |last1=Hanson |first1=Mark |last2=Gluckman |first2=Peter |author-link2=Peter Gluckman |date=30 November 2005 |title=New research shows how evolution explains age of puberty |url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2005/11/evolution-explains-age-of-puberty.page |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=University of Southampton}}</ref><ref name="Hochberg-2020">{{Cite journal|last1=Hochberg|first1=Ze′ev|last2=Konner|first2=Melvin|year=2020|title=Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage|journal=Frontiers in Endocrinology|volume=10|issue=918|page=918|doi=10.3389/fendo.2019.00918|pmid=31993019|pmc=6970937|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Eckert-Lind-2020">{{Cite journal|last1=Eckert-Lind|first1=Camilla|last2=Busch|first2=Alexander S.|last3=Petersen|first3=Jørgen H.|last4=Biro|first4=Frank M.|last5=Butler|first5=Gary|last6=Bräuner|first6=Elvira V.|last7=Juul|first7=Anders|year=2020|title=Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=JAMA Pediatrics|publisher=American Medical Association|volume=174|issue=4|pages=e195881|doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5881|pmid=32040143|pmc=7042934}}</ref> Selain itu, prevalensi alergi di kalangan remaja dan dewasa muda Gen Z lebih besar dibandingkan populasi umum;<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/10/03/the-prevalence-of-peanut-allergy-has-trebled-in-15-years?cid1=cust%2Fdailypicks1%2Fn%2Fbl%2Fn%2F2019103n%2Fowned%2Fn%2Fn%2Fdailypicks1%2Fn%2Fn%2FNA%2F319028%2Fn|title=The prevalence of peanut allergy has trebled in 15 years|last=Graphic Detail|date=October 3, 2019|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=October 3, 2019|department=Daily Chart|archive-date=October 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004004124/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/10/03/the-prevalence-of-peanut-allergy-has-trebled-in-15-years%3Fcid1%3Dcust/dailypicks1/n/bl/n/2019103n/owned/n/n/dailypicks1/n/n/NA/319028/n|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NationalPost-2019">{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/health/why-everybody-is-suddenly-allergic-to-everything|title=Why everybody is suddenly allergic to everything|date=July 30, 2019|work=National Post|access-date=November 24, 2019|department=Health|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926151054/https://nationalpost.com/health/why-everybody-is-suddenly-allergic-to-everything|url-status=live}}</ref> terdapat kesadaran dan diagnosis yang lebih besar terhadap kondisi kesehatan mental,<ref name="Economist-2019" /><ref name="Chandler-Wilde-2020" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=American Psychological Association|date=March 15, 2019|title=Mental health issues increased significantly in young adults over last decade|work=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190315110908.htm|access-date=December 31, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220065704/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190315110908.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schraer-2019">{{Cite news|last=Schraer|first=Rachel|date=February 11, 2019|title=Is young people's mental health getting worse?|publisher=BBC|department=Health|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-47133338|access-date=December 26, 2020|archive-date=January 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105183557/https://www.bbc.com/news/health-47133338|url-status=live}}</ref> dan kurang tidur lebih sering dilaporkan.<ref name="Twenge-2017" /><ref name="Kansagra-2020">{{Cite journal|last=Kansagra|first=Sujay|date=May 2020|title=Sleep Disorders in Adolescents|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/Supplement_2/S204|journal=Pediatrics|publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics|volume=145|issue=Supplement 2|pages=S204–S209|doi=10.1542/peds.2019-2056I|pmid=32358212|doi-access=free|access-date=January 1, 2021|archive-date=July 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729044548/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/Supplement_2/S204|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="U-Rochester-2020">{{Cite news|last=University of Rochester|date=January 9, 2020|title=Parents aren't powerless when it comes to sleep-deprived teenagers|work=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200109130203.htm|access-date=January 1, 2021|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417175707/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200109130203.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Di banyak negara, remaja Gen Z lebih mungkin didiagnosis menderita disabilitas intelektual dan gangguan kejiwaan dibandingkan generasi yang lebih tua.<ref name="Maulik-2011">{{Cite journal|last1=Maulik|first1=Pallab K.|last2=Mascarenhas|first2=Maya N.|last3=Mathers|first3=Colin D.|last4=Dua|first4=Tarun|last5=Saxena|first5=Shekhar|year=2011|title=Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891422210003082|journal=Research in Developmental Disabilities|volume=32|issue=2|pages=419–436|doi=10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018|pmid=21236634|access-date=September 15, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926151456/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891422210003082|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Buckley-2020">{{Cite journal|last1=Buckley|first1=Nicholas|last2=Glasson|first2=Emma J.|last3=Chen|first3=Wai|display-authors=2|date=May 30, 2020|title=Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|publisher=The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists|volume=54|issue=10|pages=970–984|doi=10.1177/0004867420924101|pmid=32475125|s2cid=219170827|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Di seluruh dunia, Gen Z menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu pada perangkat elektronik dan lebih sedikit waktu untuk membaca buku dibandingkan sebelumnya,<ref name="Thomas-2019">{{Cite news|last=Thomas|first=Leigh|date=December 3, 2019|title=Education levels stagnating despite higher spending: OECD survey|work=Reuters|department=World News|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oecd-education/education-levels-stagnating-despite-higher-spending-oecd-survey-idUSKBN1Y70Q8|access-date=February 5, 2020|archive-date=February 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205193120/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oecd-education/education-levels-stagnating-despite-higher-spending-oecd-survey-idUSKBN1Y70Q8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ferguson-2020">{{Cite news|last=Ferguson|first=Donna|date=February 29, 2020|title=Children are reading less than ever before, research reveals|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/29/children-reading-less-says-new-research|access-date=November 7, 2020|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101045021/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/29/children-reading-less-says-new-research|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sliwa|first=Jim|date=August 20, 2018|title=Teens Today Spend More Time on Digital Media, Less Time Reading|work=American Psychological Association|url=https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/08/teenagers-read-book|access-date=November 8, 2020|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101124343/https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/08/teenagers-read-book|url-status=live}}</ref> yang berdampak pada rentang perhatian,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yourtherapysource.com/blog1/2019/04/18/how-technology-affects-the-attention-span-of-children-2/ |title=How Technology Affects the Attention Span of Children |date=April 18, 2019 |website=Your Therapy Source |access-date=March 31, 2021 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417162809/https://www.yourtherapysource.com/blog1/2019/04/18/how-technology-affects-the-attention-span-of-children-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://5210.psu.edu/too-much-screen-time/ |title=Too Much Screen Time? |website=Penn State University |access-date=March 31, 2021 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417173522/https://5210.psu.edu/too-much-screen-time/ |url-status=live }}</ref> kosa kata,<ref name="Massey-U-2010">{{Cite news|last=Massey University|date=September 20, 2010|title=Vocabulary on decline due to fewer books|work=Phys.org|department=Social Sciences|url=https://phys.org/news/2010-09-vocabulary-decline-due.html|access-date=November 7, 2020|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126181459/https://phys.org/news/2010-09-vocabulary-decline-due.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adams|first=Richard|date=April 19, 2018|title=Teachers in UK report growing 'vocabulary deficiency'|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/apr/19/teachers-in-uk-report-growing-vocabulary-deficiency|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033525/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/apr/19/teachers-in-uk-report-growing-vocabulary-deficiency|url-status=live}}</ref> prestasi akademik,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Busby|first=Eleanor|date=April 19, 2018|title=Children's grades at risk because they have narrow vocabulary, finds report|work=The Independent|department=Education|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/child-vocabulary-literacy-reading-word-primary-schools-a8311676.html|access-date=November 22, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109024047/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/child-vocabulary-literacy-reading-word-primary-schools-a8311676.html|url-status=live}}</ref> dan kontribusi ekonomi masa depan.<ref name="Thomas-2019" />
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