K'un-lun po: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 75:
Champa diserang oleh kapal-kapal Jawa atau kapal Kunlun pada tahun 774 dan 787.<ref name="(Japan)1972">{{cite book|author=Tōyō Bunko (Japan)|year=1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5nWAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Memoirs of the Research Department|page=6}}{{cite book|author=Tōyō Bunko (Japan)|year=1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gBkkAQAAIAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library)|publisher=Toyo Bunko|page=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9vaAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Proceedings of the Symposium on 100 Years Development of Krakatau and Its Surroundings, Jakarta, 23-27 August 1983|publisher=Indonesian Institute of Sciences|page=8}}</ref><ref name="Society1934">{{cite book|author=Greater India Society|year=1934|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onEZAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Journal|page=69}}</ref> Pada tahun 774 sebuah serangan diluncurkan ke Po-Nagar di Nha-trang di mana para perompak menghancurkan kuil-kuil, sementara pada tahun 787 sebuah serangan diluncurkan ke Phang-rang.<ref name="Smith1979">{{cite book|author=Ralph Bernard Smith|year=1979|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lJuAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Early South East Asia: essays in archaeology, history, and historical geography|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=447}}</ref><ref name="Fisher1964">{{cite book|author=Charles Alfred Fisher|year=1964|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLhAAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=South-east Asia: a social, economic, and political geography|publisher=Methuen|page=108}}</ref><ref name="RenardFund1986">{{cite book|author1=Ronald Duane Renard|author2=Mahāwitthayālai Phāyap|year=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVuAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Anuson Walter Vella|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa. Center for Asian and Pacific Studies|page=121|others=Walter F. Vella Fund, Payap University}}</ref> Beberapa kota pesisir Champa mengalami serangan angkatan laut dan serangan dari Jawa. Armada Jawa disebut sebagai ''Javabala-sanghair-nāvāgataiḥ'' (angkatan laut dari Jawa) yang tercatat dalam prasasti Champa.<ref>{{cite book|year=1941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKFhAAAAMAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient|publisher=L'Ecole|page=263}}</ref><ref name="HallNguyễn1968">{{cite book|author1=Daniel George Edward Hall|author2=Phút Tấn Nguyễn|year=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caMLAAAAIAAJ&q=774+787+srivijaya|title=Đông Nam Á sử lược|publisher=Pacific Northwest Trading Company|page=136}}</ref>
''Pingzhou Ketan'' karya [[Zhu Yu]] (dibuat antara tahun 1111 dan 1117 M) menyebutkan kapal laut Kia-ling (訶陵 — ''Holing'' atau [[kerajaan Kalingga]] di Jawa), di mana kapal-kapal besarnya dapat mengangkut beberapa ratus orang, dan kapal-kapal kecil mereka dapat mengangkut di atas seratus orang. Penduduk kerajaan Kalingga adalah pedagang utama di Jawa, Sumatra, dan mungkin Cina. Kapal-kapal yang dijelaskan di sini jelas tidak dibuat atau diawaki oleh orang Cina.<ref>{{cite book|author=Friedrich Hirth, William Woodville Rockhill|year=1911|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023289345#page/n7/mode/2up|title=Chau Ju-kua: His Work On The Chinese And Arab Trade In The Twelfth And Thirteenth Centuries, Entitled Chu-fan-chï|location=St. Petersburg|publisher=Printing office of the Imperial academy of sciences}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{rp|30–31}}
Pada 1178, petugas bea cukai [[Guangzhou]] Zhou Qufei, menulis dalam ''Lingwai Daida'' tentang kapal-kapal negeri Selatan:
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