Daftar istilah musik: Perbedaan antara revisi

* '''[[arpeggio]]''': like a [[harp]]; i.e., the notes of the [[chord (musicmusik)|chords]] are to be played quickly one after another (usually ascending) instead of simultaneously. In music for [[piano]], this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging chord whose notes cannot be played otherwise. Arpeggios are frequently used as an accompaniment. See also [[Musical terminology#b|broken chord]] in this list.

* '''attacca''': attack, or go on; i.e., at the end of a [[movement (musicmusik)|movement]], a direction to begin (attack) the next movement immediately, without a gap or pause

* '''[[bass (musical termmusik)|bass]]''': the lowest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano); the lowest melodic line in a musical composition, often thought of as defining and supporting the [[harmony]]; in an orchestral context, the term usually refers to the [[double bass]].

* '''broken chord''': A [[chord (musicmusik)|chord]] in which the notes are not all played at once, but in some more or less consistent sequence. They may follow singly one after the other, or two notes may be immediately followed by another two, for example. See also '''arpeggio''' in this list, which as an accompaniment pattern may be seen as a kind of broken chord; see [[Alberti bass]].

* '''[[coda (music)|coda]]''': a tail; i.e., a closing section appended to a movement

* '''[[con sordina]]''', or '''con sordine''' (plural): with a [[mute (musicmusik)|mute]], or with mutes; several orchestral instruments can have their tone muted with wood, rubber, metal, or plastic devices (for string instruments, mutes are clipped to the bridge, and for brass instruments, mutes are inserted in the bell); compare '''senza sordina''' in this list (which instructs the musicians to remove their mutes); see also [[Sordina]]. '''Note:''' '''sordina''', with plural '''sordine''', is strictly correct Italian, but the forms '''con sordino''' and '''con sordini''' are much more commonly used as terms in music.

* '''[[dynamics (music)|crescendo]]''': growing; i.e., progressively louder (contrast [[dynamics (music)|diminuendo]])

* '''[[cut time]]''': Same as the [[meter (musicmusik)|meter]] 2/2: two half-note (minim) beats per measure. Notated and executed like [[common time]] (4/4), except with the beat lengths doubled. Indicated by three quarters of a circle with a vertical line through it, which resembles the cent symbol ''''¢''''. This comes from a literal cut of the ''''C'''' symbol of [[common time]]. Thus, a [[quarter note]] in cut time is only half a beat long, and a measure has only two beats. See also [[alla breve]].

* '''[[dynamics (music)|diminuendo]]''', '''dim.''': dwindling; i.e., with gradually decreasing volume (same as '''decrescendo''')

* '''[[dynamics (musicmusik)|dynamics]]''': refers to the relative volumes in the execution of a piece of music

* '''[[Fill (musicmusik)|fill]]''' (English): a jazz or rock term which instructs performers to improvise a scalar passage or [[riff]] to "fill in" the brief time between [[lyrics|lyrical phrase]]s, the lines of [[melody]], or between two sections

* '''fortepiano''' or '''fp''' (usually): strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then immediately soft (see [[dynamics (musicmusik)|dynamics]]), or 2. an [[fortepiano|early pianoforte]]

* '''[[hemiola]]''' (English, from Greek): the imposition of a pattern of [[rhythm]] or [[articulation (musicmusik)|articulation]] other than that implied by the time signature; specifically, in triple time (for example in 3/4) the imposition of a duple pattern (as if the time signature were, for example, 2/4). See [[Syncopation]].

* '''mezzo forte''': half loudly; i.e., moderately loudly. See [[dynamics (musicmusik)|dynamics]].

* '''mezzo piano''': half softly; i.e., moderately softly. See [[dynamics (musicmusik)|dynamics]].

* '''[[mezzo-soprano]]''': a female singer with a range usually extending from the A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally have a darker vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between that of a [[soprano]] and that of an [[alto (voice)|alto]].

* '''piano''' or '''p''' (usually): gently; i.e., played or sung softly (see [[dynamics (musicmusik)|dynamics]])

* '''[[potpourri (musicmusik)|potpourri]]''' or '''pot-pourri''' (Fr): potpourri (as used in other senses in English); i.e., a kind of musical form structured as ABCDEF... etc.; the same as '''[[Medley (music)|medley]]''' or, sometimes, '''[[Fantasia (musicmusik)|fantasia]]'''

* '''quasi''' (Latin and Italian): as if, almost, e.g. '''quasi recitativo''' like a [[recitative]] in an opera, or '''quasi una fantasia''' like a [[Fantasia (musicmusik)|fantasia]]

* '''[[scordatura]]''': out of tune; i.e., an alternative [[Musical tuning|tuning]] used for the [[string (musicmusik)|strings]] of a [[string instrument]]

* '''semitone''': the smallest pitch difference between notes (in most Western musicmusik) (e.g., F–F#)

* '''senza sordina''', or '''senza sordine''' (plural): without the [[mute (musicmusik)|mute]]; compare '''con sordina''' in this list; see also [[Sordina]]. '''Note:''' '''sordina''', with plural '''sordine''', is strictly correct Italian, but the forms '''con sordino''' and '''con sordini''' are much more commonly used as terms in music. In piano music (notably in Beethoven's ''[[Moonlight Sonata]]''), '''senza sordini''' or '''senza sordina''' (or some variant) is sometimes used to mean ''keep the [[sustain pedal]] depressed'', since the sustain pedal lifts the dampers off the strings, with the effect that all notes are sustained indefinitely.

* '''[[Dynamics (musicmusik)#Sudden changes|sforzando]]''' or '''sfz''': made loud; i.e., a sudden strong accent

* '''[[solo (musicmusik)|solo]]''', plural '''soli''': alone; i.e., executed by a single instrument or voice. The instruction '''soli''' requires more than one player or singer; in a [[jazz]] [[big band]] this refers to an entire section playing in harmony.

* '''sul ponticello''': on the bridge; i.e., in string playing, an indication to [[bow (musicmusik)|bow]] (or sometimes to [[pizzicato|pluck]]) very near to the [[bridge (instrumentmusik)|bridge]], producing a characteristic glassy sound, which emphasizes the higher [[harmonic]]s at the expense of the [[fundamental frequency|fundamental]]; the opposite of '''sul tasto'''

* '''sul tasto''': on the fingerboard; i.e., in string playing, an indication to [[bow (musicmusik)|bow]] (or sometimes to [[pizzicato|pluck]]) over the [[fingerboard]]; the opposite of '''sul ponticello'''. Playing over the fingerboard produces a warmer, gentler tone.

* '''[[tempo (musik)|tempo]]''': time; i.e., the overall speed of a piece of music

* '''vamp till cue''': a jazz, fusion, and [[musical theater]] term which instructs rhythm section members to repeat and vary a short [[ostinato]] passage, [[riff]], or [[groove (musicmusik) |"groove"]] until the band leader or conductor instructs them to move onto the next section

* '''[[vocal score]]''' or '''piano-vocal score''': a [[music score]] of an [[opera]], or a [[vocal]] or [[choral]] composition with orchestra (like [[oratorio]] or [[cantata]]) where the vocal parts are written out in full but the [[accompaniment]] is reduced to two [[Staff (musicmusik)|staves]] and adapted for playing on [[piano]]