Tuberkulosis: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Penyangkalan-medis}}
{{Infobox
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| symptoms = [[batuk|Batuk kronis]], [[demam]], [[hemoptisis]], berat badan turun<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>
| onset =
| duration =
| causes = ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''<ref name=WHO2015Fact>{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis (TB)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|website=who.int|language=en|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730165218/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|url-status=live}}</ref>
| risks = Merokok, [[HIV/AIDS]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>
| diagnosis = [[Radiograf dada]], [[kultur mikrobiologi|kultur]], [[tes Mantoux]], [[interferon gamma release assays|IGRA]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>
| differential = [[Pneumonia]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[kokidioidomikosis]]<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-323-07699-9|page=Chapter T|edition=2nd}}</ref>
| prevention = Skrining bagi orang-orang dengan risiko tinggi TB, pengobatan pasien-pasien TB, [[vaksinasi]] dengan [[bacillus Calmette-Guérin|basil Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG)<ref name=Haw2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawn TR, Day TA, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Hanekom WA, Evans TG, Churchyard GJ, Kublin JG, Bekker LG, Self SG | display-authors = 6 | title = Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection | journal = Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews | volume = 78 | issue = 4 | pages = 650–71 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25428938 | pmc = 4248657 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.00021-14 }}</ref><ref name=TBCon2008>{{cite book |title=Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy: a handbook for national TB control programmes|date=2008|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-154667-6|page=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602232631/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Harr2013>{{cite book |title=Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy: a handbook for national TB control programmes|date=2008|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-154667-6|page=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602232631/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|url-status=live}}</ref>
| treatment = [[Antibiotik]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>
| medication =
| frequency = 25% populasi dunia (TB laten)<ref name=WHO2018Fact>{{cite web |title=Tuberculosis (TB) |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |access-date=15 September 2018 |date=16 February 2018 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232509/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| deaths = 1.3 juta orang (2022)<ref name=WHO2018Fact/>
}}
'''Tuberkulosis''' ('''''Tuberculosis''''', disingkat '''Tbc'''), atau '''Tb''' (singkatan dari "'''T'''ubercle ''[[Bacillus (bentuk)|'''b'''acillus]]''") merupakan [[penyakit menular]] yang umum, dan dalam banyak kasus bersifat mematikan. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh berbagai strain [[mikobakterium|mikobakteria]], umumnya ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'' (disingkat "MTb" atau "MTbc").<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|author=Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN|year=2007|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|edition=8th|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|pages=516–522|isbn=978-1-4160-2973-1}}</ref> Tuberkulosis biasanya menyerang [[paru-paru]], tetapi juga bisa berdampak pada bagian tubuh lainnya. Tuberkulosis menyebar melalui udara ketika seseorang dengan infeksi TB aktif batuk, bersin, atau menyebarkan butiran ludah mereka melalui udara.<ref name=AP>{{cite journal|author=Konstantinos A |year=2010|title=Testing for tuberculosis |journal=Australian Prescriber |volume= 33 |issue=1|pages=12–18 |url= http://www.australianprescriber.com/magazine/33/1/12/18/}}</ref>
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=== Tuberkulosis ekstra paru ===
Dalam 15–20% kasus aktif, terjadi penyebaran infeksi hingga ke luar organ pernapasan dan menyebabkan tuberkulosis jenis lainnya.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jindal|first=editor-in-chief SK|title=Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-5025-073-0|pages=549|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=EvGTw3wn-zEC&pg=PA549}}</ref> Tuberkulosis yang terjadi di luar organ pernapasan disebut "tuberkulosis ekstra paru".<ref name=Extra2005>{{cite journal|pmid=16300038|year=2005|author=Golden MP, Vikram HR|title=Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview|volume=72|issue=9|pages=1761–8|journal=American family physician}}</ref> TB ekstra paru umumnya terjadi pada orang dewasa dengan [[imunosupresi]] dan anak-anak. TB ekstra paru muncul pada 50% lebih kelompok pengidap HIV.<ref name=Extra2005/> Lokasi TB ekstra paru yang bermakna termasuk: [[pleura]] (pada TB pleuritis), [[sistem saraf pusat]] (pada [[meningitis]]TB), dan [[sistem kelenjar getah bening]] (pada [[skrofuloderma]] leher). TB ekstra paru juga dapat terjadi di [[sistem urogenital]] (yaitu pada [[Tuberkulosis urogenital]]) dan pada tulang dan persendian (yaitu pada [[penyakit Pott]] tulang belakang). Bila TB menyebar ke tulang maka dapat disebut "TB tulang",<ref>{{cite book|last=Kabra|first=[edited by] Vimlesh Seth, S.K.|title=Essentials of tuberculosis in children|year=2006|publisher=Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-8061-709-6|pages=249|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HkH0YbyBHDQC&pg=PA249|edition=3rd ed.}}</ref> yang merupakan salah satu bentuk [[osteomielitis]].<ref name="Robbins" /> Ada lagi TB yang lebih serius yaitu TB yang menyebar luas dan disebut sebagai TB diseminata, atau biasanya dikenal dengan nama [[Tuberkulosis
== Penyebab ==
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=== Vaksin ===
Sejak tahun 2011, satu-satunya [[vaksin]] yang tersedia adalah [[
=== Kesehatan masyarakat ===
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