Uni Soviet: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Redirect2|Soviet|Sovyet}}

{{Infobox Former Country

| native_name = Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик<br>''Soyúz Sovyétskikh Sotsialistícheskikh Respúblik''<br><small>[[Nama resmi Uni Soviet|Nama lain Uni Soviet]]</small>

| common_name = Uni Soviet

| continent = Eurasia

| status = Negara Sosialis/Komunis Federasi

* '''1927–1953:'''<br />[[Republik]] [[Negara sosialis|sosialis]] berbentuk [[federasi]] bersistem politik [[Negara satu partai|satu partai]] [[Stalinisme|Stalinis]] di bawah [[kediktatoran]] [[Totaliterisme|totalitarian]] <ref>Hough, Jerry F. “The ‘Dark Forces," the Totalitarian Model, and Soviet History.” The Russian Review, vol. 46, no. 4, 1987, pp. 397–403</ref><ref>Bergman, Jay. “Was the Soviet Union Totalitarian? The View of Soviet Dissidents and the Reformers of the Gorbachev Era.” Studies in East European Thought, vol. 50, no. 4, 1998, pp. 247–281.</ref>

* '''1953–1990:'''<br />[[Republik]] [[Negara sosialis|sosialis]] berbentuk [[federasi]] bersistem politik [[Negara satu partai|satu partai]] [[Marxisme-Leninisme|Marxis-Leninis]]

| p2 = RSFS Transkaukasia

| flag_p2 = Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR.svg

| flag_p3 = Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1927-1937).svg

| p4 = RSS Byelorusia

Uni Soviet dan negara-negara satelitnya di [[Eropa Timur]] terlibat dalam [[Perang Dingin]], yaitu perebutan pengaruh ideologi dan politik global yang berkepanjangan melawan Amerika Serikat dan sekutu-sekutunya di [[Blok Barat]]. Pada akhirnya, Uni Soviet mengalami kekalahan dalam hal ekonomi serta politik dalam dan luar negeri.<ref>{{cite book|title=Stalin and the Bomb|last=Holloway, David|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=1996|publisher=Yale University Press|location=|isbn=978-0-300-06664-7|page=18|url=http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300066647|accessdate=|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222213/http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300066647|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="turner23">{{Harvnb|Turner|1987|p=23}}</ref> Pada akhir tahun [[1980-an]], pemimpin Soviet yang terakhir, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], mencoba merestrukturisasi negara yang dipimpinnya melalui kebijakan ''[[glasnost]]'' dan ''[[perestroika]]'', tetapi justru memicu perpecahan di Uni Soviet yang akhirnya [[pembubaran Uni Soviet|secara resmi bubar]] pada tanggal [[26 Desember]] [[1991]] setelah gagalnya [[Percobaan kudeta Uni Soviet 1991|percobaan kudeta]] pada bulan [[Agustus]] sebelumnya.<ref name="Byrd">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Byrd, Peter|editor=McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair|encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics|title=Cold War (seluruh bab)|url=http://books.google.com/?id=xLbEHQAACAAJ|accessdate=16 Juni 2008|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-280276-3}}</ref> Hak dan kewajiban negara ini kemudian dilanjutkan oleh [[Federasi Rusia]].<ref>"Russia is now a party to any Treaties to which the former Soviet Union was a party, and enjoys the same rights and obligations as the former Soviet Union, except insofar as adjustments are necessarily required, e.g. to take account of the change in territorial extent. […] The Russian federation continues the legal personality of the former Soviet Union and is thus not a successor State in the sense just mentioned. The other former Soviet Republics are successor States." United Kingdom Materials on International Law 1993, BYIL 1993, hlm. 579 (636).</ref>

 

 

== Etimologi ==