Korea Utara: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Demografi |
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Baris 460:
=== Agama ===
{{Utama|Agama di Korea Utara}}
[[File:Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg|thumb|250px|Sebuah gambar relief kuno [[Sang Buddha]], gunung Kumgang]]▼
Kedua-dua Korea berbagi warisan yang sama dari agama [[Buddha]] dan [[Konghucu]] Korea dan sejarah yang masih sangat baru dari agama [[Kristen]] dan pergerakan [[Cheondoisme]] ("agama Jalan Surgawi"). Konstitusi Korea Utara menyatakan bahwa kebebasan beragama adalah diizinkan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/061st_issue/98091708.htm|title=DPRK's Socialist Constitution (Full Text)|accessdate=2009-07-04|publisher=The People's Korea|date=1998}}; see Chapter 5, Article 68</ref> Menurut standar-standar agama Barat, sebagian besar penduduk Korea Utara dapat dikelompokkan sebagai "tidak beragama". Tetapi sebagian besar di antaranya didedinisi "beragama" dari sudut pandang [[sosiologi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Korean-Americans.html|title=Korean Americans - Overview, Early history, Modern era, The first koreans in america, Significant immigration waves|last=Nash|first=Amy|date=2008|work=Multicultural America|publisher=Advameg Inc.|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref> dan pengaruh budaya agama-agama tradisional itu semisal Buddha dan Konghucu masih memiliki dampag pada kehidupan kerohanian Korea Utara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/North-Korea.html|title=Culture of North Korea - Alternative name, History and ethnic relations|work=Countries and Their Cultures|publisher=Advameg Inc.|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html#People CIA The World Factbook -- North Korea]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm|title=Background Note: North Korea|coauthors=Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs|date=2009-2|publisher=U.S. State Department|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref>
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Nevertheless, Buddhists in North Korea reportedly fare better than other religious groups; particularly Christians, who are said to face persecution by the authorities. Buddhists are given limited funding by the government to promote the religion, because Buddhism played an integral role in traditional Korean culture.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/oct/02/world/fg-temple2|title=Buddhist Temple Being Restored in N. Korea|date=October 2, 2005|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>
According to [[Human Rights Watch]], free religious activities no longer exist in North Korea as the government sponsors religious groups only to create an illusion of religious freedom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/07/08/nkorea9040.htm |title=Human Rights in North Korea |accessdate=2007-08-02 |month=July | year=2004 |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] }}</ref>
According to Religious Intelligence the situation of religion in North Korea is the following:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=37|title=Religious Intelligence UK report|work=Religious Intelligence|publisher=Religious Intelligence|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref>
*[[Irreligion]]: 15,460,000 adherents (64.31% of population, the vast majority of which are adherents of the Juche philosophy)
*[[Korean shamanism]]: 3,846,000 adherents (16% of population)
*[[Cheondoism]]: 3,245,000 adherents (13.50% of population)
*[[Buddhism]]: 1,082,000 adherents (4.50% of population)
*[[Christianity]]: 406,000 adherents (1.69% of population)
Pyongyang was the center of Christian activity in Korea before the Korean War. Today, four state-sanctioned churches exist, which freedom of religion advocates say are showcases for foreigners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0434A_ReligionI.html |title=Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom |accessdate=2007-08-02 |author=[[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]] |date=2004-09-21 |work=Nautilus Institute }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4431321.stm |title=N Korea stages Mass for Pope |accessdate=2007-08-02 |date=2005-04-10 |work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref> Official government statistics report that there are 10,000 [[Protestantism|Protestants]] and 4,000 [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] in North Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/NorthKorea/religion.html |title=North Korean Religion |accessdate=2007-08-02 |work=Windows on Asia }}</ref>
According to a ranking published by [[Open Doors]], an organization that supports persecuted Christians, North Korea is currently the country with the most severe persecution of Christians in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sb.od.org/index.php?supp_page=wwl_top_ten&supp_lang=en|title=Open Doors International : WWL: Focus on the Top Ten|work=Open Doors International|publisher=Open Doors (International)|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref> Human rights groups such as [[Amnesty International]] also have expressed concerns about religious persecution in North Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2002.nsf/asa/democratic+people's+republic+of+korea |title=Korea Report 2002 |accessdate=2007-08-02 |year=2001 |work=[[Amnesty International]] }}</ref>
=== Pendidikan ===
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