Kekaisaran Romawi Suci: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[File:1512 Holy Roman Empire Germania.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|Personifikasi Reich sebagai [[Germania (personifikasi)|Jermania]], Lukisan karya [[:de:Jörg Kölderer|Jörg Kölderer]], tahun 1512. "Perempuan Jerman" dengan rambut terurai dan bermahkota, bersemayam di atas singgasana kekaisaran, kiasan citra diri Maximilian I selaku Raja Jerman maupun rumusan ''Kekaisaran Romawi Suci Bangsa Jerman'' (meniadakan bangsa-bangsa lain). Meskipun pada Abad Pertengahan biasanya digambarkan tunduk di bawah kekuasaan kaisar dan Italia atau Galia, kini ia diberi tempat yang paling utama di dalam [[Pawai Kemenangan]] Maximilian, diusung di depan [[c:File:Roma in Maximilian'sTriumphal Procession.jpg|Roma]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strieder |first=Peter |date=8 May 2017 |title=Zur Entstehungsgeschichte von Dürers Ehrenpforte für Kaiser Maximilian |url=https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/azgnm/article/view/38143/31806 |journal=Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums |pages=128–142 Seiten |doi=10.11588/azgnm.1954.0.38143 |access-date=7 Februari 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hirschi |first=Caspar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_v4iySQgnsC&pg=PA45 |title=The Origins of Nationalism: An Alternative History from Ancient Rome to Early Modern Germany |date=8 December 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-1395-0230-6 |page=45 |language=en |access-date=7 Februari 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brandt |first=Bettina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJLM607h6jsC&pg=PA37 |title=Germania und ihre Söhne: Repräsentationen von Nation, Geschlecht und Politik in der Moderne |date=2010 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |isbn=978-3-5253-6710-0 |page=37 |language=de |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref>]]

 

 

Pada masa pemerintahan Maximilian jugalah ragam umum bahasa Jerman berangsur-angsur mengemuka, terutama berkat jasa lembaga the imperial chancery and the chancery of the Wettin Elector [[Frederick III, Elector of Saxony|Frederick the Wise]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tennant |first1=Elaine C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdIDcGyUcN4C&pg=PA3 |title=The Habsburg Chancery Language in Perspective, Volume 114 |last2=Johnson |first2=Carroll B. |date=1985 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-5200-9694-3 |pages=1, 3, 9 |access-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927161255/https://books.google.com/books?id=JdIDcGyUcN4C&pg=PA3 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiesinger |first=Peter |title=Die Entwicklung der deutschen Schriftsprache vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert unter dem Einfluss der Konfessionen |url=http://www.e-scoala.ro/germana/peter_wiesinger.html |url-status=dead |journal=Zeitschrift der Germanisten Rumäniens (ZGR) |issue=17–18 / 2000 (9th year) |pages=155–162 |doi=10.1515/jbgsg-2018-0014 |s2cid=186566355 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123112609/http://www.e-scoala.ro/germana/peter_wiesinger.html |archive-date=23 January 2008 |access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> The development of the printing industry together with the emergence of the postal system ([[Kaiserliche Reichspost|the first modern one in the world]]<ref name="Meinel 2014 31">{{Cite book |last1=Meinel |first1=Christoph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5O25BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |title=Digital Communication: Communication, Multimedia, Security |last2=Sack |first2=Harald |date=2014 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-6425-4331-9 |page=31 |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926235052/https://books.google.com/books?id=5O25BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>), initiated by Maximilian himself with contribution from Frederick III and [[Charles the Bold]], led to a revolution in communication and allowed ideas to spread. Unlike the situation in more centralized countries, the decentralized nature of the Empire made censorship difficult.<ref name="Metzig">{{Cite book |last=Metzig |first=Gregor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiyXDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |title=Kommunikation und Konfrontation: Diplomatie und Gesandtschaftswesen Kaiser Maximilians I. (1486–1519) |date=21 November 2016 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-1104-5673-8 |pages=98, 99 |language=de |access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Hamish M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL8DCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern European History, 1350-1750 |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1995-9725-3 |page=173 |language=en |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Headrick |first=Daniel R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRBPvOAiQmUC&pg=PA184 |title=When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution, 1700–1850 |date=28 December 2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1980-3108-6 |page=184 |language=en |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref>{{Sfn|Whaley|2011|p=370}}

 

 

 

By the early sixteenth century, the Habsburg rulers had become the most powerful in Europe, but their strength relied on their composite monarchy as a whole, and not only the Holy Roman Empire (see also: [[Empire of Charles V]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asch |first=Ronald G. |date=28 October 2021 |title=Monarchs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNFKEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT39 |journal=Early Modern Court Culture |pages=17–36 |doi=10.4324/9780429277986-3 |isbn=978-0-4292-7798-6 |s2cid=240193601}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Thackeray |first1=Frank W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2MhulpUa_cC&pg=RA1-PA133 |title=Events That Formed the Modern World: From the European Renaissance through the War on Terror [5 volumes]: From the European Renaissance through the War on Terror |last2=Findling |first2=John E. |date=31 May 2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-5988-4902-8 |page=133 |language=en |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> Maximilian had seriously considered combining the Burgundian lands (inherited from his wife [[Mary of Burgundy]]) with his Austrian lands to form a powerful core (while also extending towards the east).{{Sfn|Holleger|2012|p=34}} After the unexpected addition of Spain to the Habsburg Empire, at one point he intended to leave Austria (raised to a kingdom) to his younger grandson [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Brady |first1=Thomas A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQJkfTDUhsMC&pg=PA112 |title=German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650 |last2=Brady |first2=Thomas A. Jr. |date=13 July 2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-5218-8909-4 |page=112 |language=en |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> His elder grandson Charles V later gave Spain and most of the Burgundian lands to his son [[Philip II of Spain]], the founder of the Spanish branch, and the Habsburg hereditary lands to his brother Ferdinand, the founder of the Austrian branch.{{Sfn|Wilson|2004|p=27}}