Ortodoksi Timur: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Ortodoksi Timur''', atau dikenal sebagai '''Kristen Ortodoks Timur''' atau '''Kristen Bizantium''',<ref name="Holt 2012">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Holt |first=Andrew |title=Byzantine Christianity |year=2012 |origyear=2011 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization |location=[[Chichester, West Sussex]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |doi=10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0212 |isbn=9780470670606 |quote=Byzantine Christianity originated in the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]] where it evolved concurrently with the emerging Byzantine state. It was the dominant form of Eastern Christianity throughout the [[Middle Ages]] and during this period [[Eastern Orthodox theology|it developed a complex theological system]] with [[Eastern Orthodox worship|unique spiritual practices]]. Byzantine Christianity's fortunes were in many ways tied to the Byzantine state, because when the empire experienced expansion and heightened influence so did the faith. [...] Although [[Fall of Constantinople|the empire eventually fell]] under the weight of centuries of [[Arab–Byzantine wars|Islamic aggression]], much of Byzantine Christianity has survived in the modern [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox churches]].}}</ref> adalah salah satu dari tiga cabang utama [[Kristen Kalsedon|Kekristenan Kalsedon]], selain [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]] dan [[Protestanisme|Protestan]].<ref name="McAuliffe2008">{{cite book |last=McAuliffe |first=Garrett |year=2008 |title=Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4129-1006-4 |page=532 |quote=About one-third of the world's population is considered Christian and can be divided into three main branches: (1) Roman Catholicism (the largest coherent group, representing over one billion baptized members); (2) Orthodox Christianity (including Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy); and (3) Protestantism (comprising many denominations and schools of thought, including Anglicanism, Reformed, Presbyterianism, Lutheranism, Methodism, Evangelicalism, and Pentecostalism).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirola |first1=William |last2=Monahan |first2=Susanne C. |title=Religion Matters: What Sociology Teaches Us About Religion In Our World |year=2016 |location=[[London]] and [[New York City]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-317-34451-3 |quote=Orthodox Churches represent one of the three major branches of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.}}</ref> Seperti [[Pentarki]] pada milenium pertama, [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] arus utama (atau "[[Hukum Kanonik Gereja Ortodoks Timur|kanonik]]") diorganisasikan menjadi gereja-gereja [[Otokefali|otosefalus]] yang independen satu sama lain. Pada abad ke-21, jumlah gereja otosefalus arus utama adalah tujuh belas; ada juga gereja-gereja otosefalus yang tidak diakui oleh gereja-gereja arus utama. Gereja otosefalus memilih primat mereka sendiri. Gereja otosefalus dapat memiliki yurisdiksi (otoritas) terhadap gereja lain, beberapa di antaranya berstatus “otonom” yang berarti mempunyai otonomi lebih dibandingkan eparki sederhana.