Kekaisaran Romawi Suci: Perbedaan antara revisi
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===== Kuasa kaisar =====
[[File:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1|[[Maximilian I, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Maximilian I]], [[Kaisar Romawi Suci]]]]
Maximilian adalah "Kaisar Romawi Suci yang pertama dalam 250 tahun yang memimpin sekaligus meraja". Pada permulaan dasawarsa 1500-an, ia adalah majikan sejati Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, meskipun kekuasaanya melemah pada dasawarsa terakhir menjelang kemangkatannya.{{Sfn|Brady|2009|pp=110, 128}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Forster |first=Marc R. |title=Forster on Brady Jr., 'German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650' {{!}} H-German {{!}} H-Net |url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/reviews/46131/forster-brady-jr-german-histories-age-reformations-1400-1650 |journal=Networks.h-net.org |access-date=5 Februari 2022}}</ref> Whaley mencermati bahwa, meskipun penuh dengan pergumulan, yang muncul pada akhir masa pemerintahan Maximilian adalah monarki yang sudah kukuh, dan bukan oligarki pangeran-pangeran praja.{{Sfn|Whaley|2012a|p=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210921005756/https://books.google.com/books?id=UiFWYsG-t7UC&pg=PA75 75]}} Benjamin Curtis berpendapat bahwa sekalipun tidak mampu sepenuhnya menciptakan suatu pemerintahan umum yang menaungi seluruh praja (meskipun tata usaha negara dan sidang majelis istana mampu menangani berbagai urusan di seluruh wilayah kedaulatan negara), Maximilian memperkuat fungsi-fungsi administratif penting di Austria dan membentuk jawatan-jawatan pusat untuk menangani urusan-urusan keuangan, politik, dan peradilan – jawatan-jawatan ini menggantikan sistem feodal dan merepresentasikan suatu sistem yang lebih modern yang dikelola oleh pejabat-pejabat yang diprofesionalkan. Sesudah dua dasawarsa mereformasi negara, kaisar mempertahankan kedudukannya sebagai tokoh yang dituakan di antara rekan-rekan yang sederajat, sementara negara mendapatkan lembaga-lembaga umum yang menjadi sarana kaisar untuk berbagi kekuasaan dengan berbagai golongan warga negara.{{Sfn|Curtis|2013|pp=46–52}}
Pada awal abad ke-16, para penguasa Habsburg menjadi kepala-kepala negara terkuat di Eropa, tetapi kekuatan mereka bertumpu pada
In France and England, from the 13th century onwards, stationary royal residences had begun to develop into [[Capital city|capital cities]] that grew rapidly and developed corresponding infrastructure: the ''[[Palais de la Cité]]'' and the ''[[History of the Palace of Westminster|Palace of Westminster]]'' became the respective main residences. This was not possible in the Holy Roman Empire because no real hereditary monarchy emerged, but rather the tradition of elective monarchy prevailed ''(see: [[Imperial election]])'' which, in the High Middle Ages, led to kings of very different regional origins being elected ''([[List of royal and imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire]])''. However, if they wanted to control the empire and its rebellious regional rulers, they could not limit themselves to their home region and their private palaces. As a result, kings and emperors continued to travel around the empire well into modern times,<ref>Karl Otmar von Aretin: ''Das Reich ohne Hauptstadt?'' (The empire without a capital?), in: ''Hauptstädte in europäischen Nationalstaaten'' (Capitals in European nation states), ed T Schieder & G Brunn, Munich/Vienna, 1983, pp. 1-29</ref> using their temporary residences ''([[Kaiserpfalz]])'' as transit stations for their ''[[itinerant court]]s''. From the late Middle Ages onwards, the weakly fortified ''pfalzen'' were replaced by [[imperial castle]]s. It was only King [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], the younger brother of the then Emperor Charles V, who moved his main residence to the Vienna [[Hofburg]] in the middle of the 16th century, where most of the following Habsburg emperors subsequently resided. However, Vienna never became the official capital of the empire, just of a Habsburg hereditary state (the [[Archduchy of Austria]]). The emperors continued to travel to their elections and coronations at [[Frankfurt]] and [[Aachen]], to the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diets]] at diffent places and to other occasions. The [[Perpetual Diet of Regensburg]] was based in [[Regensburg]] from 1663 to 1806. [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]] resided in [[Prague]], the [[Wittelsbach]] emperor [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]] in Munich. A German capital in the true sense only existed in the Second [[German Empire]] from 1871, when the [[Kaiser]], [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] and [[Chancellor of Germany#Chancellor of the German Reich|Reichskanzler]] resided in [[Berlin]].-->
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