Yahya Sinwar: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 17:
| successor1 =
| image = File:Yahya al-Sinwar 2011 crop.JPG
| caption = Sinwar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Khan Yunis]], [[Pendudukan Jalur Gaza oleh Mesir|Jalur Gaza yang diduduki Mesir]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|10|16|1962|10|29|df=yes}}
| death_place = {{nobr|[[Tel al-Sultan]], [[Rafah]], [[
| death_cause = [[Pembunuhan Yahya Sinwar|
| party = [[Hamas]]
| education = [[Universitas Islam Gaza]]
([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| nationality = Palestina
| relatives = [[Mohammed Sinwar]] (saudara)
| children = 3
| spouse = {{marriage|Samar Muhammad Abu Zamar|2011}}
| residence = <!-- Only use for residences that come with the office. NOT for towns, cities, states, countries, etc. -->
| nickname = Abu Ibrahim (''[[Kunya]]'')
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[Intifadah Pertama]]
* [[Krisis Israel–Palestina 2021]]
* [[Perang Israel–Hamas]]
** [[Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023]]
** [[Serangan Rafah 2024]] {{KIA}}
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label = Konflik
| allegiance = {{flag|Hamas}}
| serviceyears = 1987–2024
| serviceyears_label = Masa dinas
| branch = [[Brigade Al-Qassam]]
| branch_label = Cabang
}}
'''Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar''' ({{lang-ar|يحيى إبراهيم حسن السنوار|translit=Yaḥyá Ibrāhīm Ḥasan al-
Sinwar lahir di [[kamp pengungsi Khan Yunis]] di [[Pendudukan Jalur Gaza oleh Mesir|Gaza yang dikuasai Mesir]] pada tahun 1962 dari sebuah keluarga yang telah [[Eksodus Palestina 1948|diusir atau melarikan]] diri dari Majdal 'Asqalan ([[Ashkelon]] modern) selama [[Perang Palestina 1948]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2024|title=Yahya Sinwar |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yahya-Sunwar |access-date=1 February 2024|website=Britannica |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128125507/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yahya-Sunwar |url-status=live }}</ref> Ia menyelesaikan studinya di [[Universitas Islam Gaza]], tempat ia menerima gelar sarjana dalam studi bahasa Arab.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2023 |title=Who is the Hamas leader in Gaza, Yahya Sinwar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67473719 |access-date=1 February 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109101602/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67473719 |url-status=live }}</ref> Atas tindakannya mendalangi penculikan dan pembunuhan empat warga Palestina yang dianggapnya sebagai kaki tangan dan dua tentara Israel pada tahun 1989, Sinwar dijatuhi hukuman empat kali penjara seumur hidup oleh Israel, yang mana ia jalani selama 22 tahun hingga dibebaskan bersama 1.026 orang lainnya dalam [[Pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit|pertukaran tahanan]] tahun 2011 dengan tentara Israel [[Gilad Shalit]].<ref name="Beaumont" /> Selama di penjara, Sinwar terus mengoordinasikan eksekusi warga Palestina yang diduga bekerja sama dengan Israel dan merencanakan penculikan tentara Israel. Pada tahun 2004 ia menerima perawatan medis dari dokter bedah Israel di Soroka Medical Center untuk [[tumor otak]] yang mengancam jiwanya.<ref name="NYT 2024-05-26" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2024 |title=Repaying a debt with blood: Israeli doctor saved Sinwar, nephew killed on Oct. 7 |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-807178 |access-date=17 October 2024 |work=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref> Sinwar adalah salah satu pendiri aparat keamanan Hamas.<ref name="US State Dept 2015-09-08">{{Cite web |title=Terrorist Designations of Yahya Sinwar, Rawhi Mushtaha, and Muhammed Deif |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=8 September 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/Prs/ps/2015/09/246686.htm |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121124014/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/Prs/ps/2015/09/246686.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Economist 2017-10-05">{{cite news|title=The Palestinians try to reconcile|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=5 October 2017|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507041529/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/07/middleeast/yahya-sinwar-profile-intl/index.html|title=Who is Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader Israel has called a 'dead man walking'|date=7 December 2023|work=[[CNN]]|first1=Ivana|last1=Kottasová|first2=David|last2=Shortell|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=7 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407153608/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/07/middleeast/yahya-sinwar-profile-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Loveday |last2=Balousha |first2=Hazem |date=11 December 2023 |title=Who is Hamas leader Yehiya Sinwar: From enforcer to Oct. 7 mastermind |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/11/hamas-leader-yahya-sinwar-israel-war/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231211182744/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/11/hamas-leader-yahya-sinwar-israel-war/ |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=27 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
Pada tahun 2017, Sinwar terpilih sebagai pemimpin Hamas di Gaza dan mengklaim akan melakukan 'perlawanan rakyat yang damai' pada tahun berikutnya, mendukung [[unjuk rasa perbatasan Gaza 2018–2019]],<ref name="The Economist" /> meskipun ia juga dilaporkan telah mendedikasikan dirinya untuk membasmi Israel<ref name="Reuters 2024-10-16">{{Cite news |title=Hamas leader Sinwar killed by Israeli troops in Gaza, Netanyahu says war will go on |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/16-dead-israeli-strike-lebanese-municipality-building-2024-10-16/}}</ref> dan dikatakan telah melihat konfrontasi militer sebagai satu-satunya jalan untuk "membebaskan Palestina", dengan mengatakan bahwa ini akan dicapai "dengan kekerasan, bukan negosiasi".<ref name="Reuters 2024-10-17">{{Cite news |title=Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader committed to eradicating Israel |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yahya-sinwar-hamas-leader-committed-eradicating-israel-2024-10-17/}}</ref> Ia juga mengembangkan [[Dukungan Iran untuk Hamas|hubungan yang kuat dengan Iran]].<ref name="WSJ 2024-08-07">{{Cite news |last1=Said |first1=Summer |last2=Jones |first2=Rory |date=7 August 2024 |title=Sinwar Power Grab Cements Hamas-Iran Ties |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/yahya-sinwar-leadership-hamas-iran-ties-68f2d4ba |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref name="Economist 2024-08-06">{{Cite news |date=6 August 2024 |title=Hamas's pick of Yahya Sinwar as leader makes a ceasefire less likely |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/08/06/hamass-pick-of-yahya-sinwar-as-leader-makes-a-ceasefire-less-likely |access-date=10 August 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2024-08-08" /> Terpilih kembali sebagai pemimpin Hamas pada tahun 2021, Sinwar selamat dari upaya pembunuhan oleh Israel pada tahun yang sama. Ia secara luas dianggap sebagai dalang di balik [[Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023|serangan yang dipimpin Hamas pada tanggal 7 Oktober]] terhadap Israel pada tahun 2023.<ref name="AP 2023-11-22" /><ref name="Telegraph 2023-11-20">{{Cite news |last=Vasilyeva |first=Nataliya |date=20 November 2023 |title=Mastermind behind Hamas attacks personally handling hostage negotiations |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/20/mastermind-hamas-attacks-handling-hostage-negotiations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407102918/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/20/mastermind-hamas-attacks-handling-hostage-negotiations/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |access-date=13 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name="NPR 2023-12-03" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kingsley |first1=Patrick |last2=Barnes |first2=Julian E. |last3=Rasgon |first3=Adam |date=12 May 2024 |title=Yahya Sinwar Helped Start the War in Gaza. Now He's Key to Its Endgame. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/12/world/middleeast/gaza-war-hamas-yahya-sinwar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103321/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/12/world/middleeast/gaza-war-hamas-yahya-sinwar.html |archive-date=13 May 2024 |access-date=13 May 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kelompok tersebut telah merencanakan serangan tersebut selama dua tahun, dengan Sinwar berusaha melibatkan [[Hizbullah]] dan Iran, sambil menghindari konfrontasi untuk mempertahankan unsur kejutan.<ref name="NYT 2024-10-12" /><ref name="Telegraph 2024-10-12" />
Hamas dan [[Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam]] telah ditetapkan sebagai organisasi teroris oleh Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, dan negara-negara lain dan, pada September 2015, Sinwar [[Teroris yang Ditetapkan Khusus|secara khusus ditetapkan sebagai teroris]] oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat.<ref name="US State Dept 2015-09-08" /> Pada Mei 2024, [[Karim Ahmad Khan|Karim Khan]], jaksa [[Mahkamah Pidana Internasional]], mengumumkan niatnya untuk mengajukan surat [[perintah penangkapan]] bagi Sinwar atas [[kejahatan perang]] dan [[kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan]], sebagai bagian dari [[Penyelidikan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional di Palestina|penyelidikan ICC di Palestina]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |date=20 May 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: ICC seeks arrest warrants against Sinwar and Netanyahu for war crimes over October 7 attack and Gaza war |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/20/middleeast/icc-israel-hamas-arrest-warrant-war-crimes-intl/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520113208/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/20/middleeast/icc-israel-hamas-arrest-warrant-war-crimes-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pembunuhan Yahya Sinwar|Sinwar terbunuh]] pada 16 Oktober 2024, selama baku tembak dengan militer Israel.<ref name="nytimes_20241017">{{Cite news |last=Hubbard |first=Ben |date=17 October 2024 |title=Yahya Sinwar, Leader of Hamas in Gaza, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/17/world/middleeast/yahya-sinwar-dead.html |access-date=17 October 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref> Hamas juga mengonfirmasi kematiannya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Uras |first=Umut |last2=Gadzo |first2=Mersiha |date=2024-10-18 |title=Hamas confirms leader Sinwar killed in Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/10/18/live-israel-says-hamas-chief-yahya-sinwar-killed-war-on-gaza-to-continue |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |quote=Hamas chief Yahya Sinwar was killed by Israeli forces, Khalil Hayya, head of Hamas in Gaza, has confirmed.}}</ref>
==Kehidupan awal==
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