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=== Italia ===
==== Napoli dan Dua Sisilia ====
Sebelum unifikasi Italia, negara terbesar di Jazirah Italia adalah Kerajaan Napoli, yang kemudian hari disebut [[Kerajaan Dua Sisilia]]. Pada tahun 1842, para perwara Permaisuri Dua Sisilia terdiri atas satu orang ''Dama di Onore'' (Empuan Kehormatan, setingkat di bawah ''Cavaliere di Onore''), tiga orang ''Dama di Compagnia'' (Empuan Pendamping, setingkat di bawah ''Cavalerizzo''), dan banyak ''Dame di Corte'' (Istanawati).<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=UqBjAAAAcAAJ&dq=dama+di+compagnia+dama+di+corte+napoli&pg=PA692 Almanacco reale del regno delle Due Sicilie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505032148/https://books.google.com/books?id=UqBjAAAAcAAJ&dq=dama+di+compagnia+dama+di+corte+napoli&pg=PA692 |date=5 May 2023 }}''</ref><!--
==== Kerajaan Italia ====
InPada tahun 1861, thenegara-negara Italiandi PeninsulaJazirah wasItalia uniteddipersatukan in to themenjadi [[KingdomKerajaan of ItalyItalia]]. ThePara ladies-in-waitingperwara ofPermaisuri theItalia Queenterdiri ofatas Italy were headed by the {{lang|it|''Dama d'Onore}},'' followedpada byjenjang theutama, {{lang|it|''Dame di Corte}},'' andpada finallyjenjang themadya, {{lang|it|dan ''Dame di Palazzo}}'' pada jenjang pratama.<ref>Calendario reale per l'anno 1879 {{full citation needed|date=April 2017}}</ref> The {{lang|it|''Dama d'Onore}}'' wasadalah nominallyketua thenominal chiefpara lady-in-waitingperwara, buttetapi inpada practicepraktiknya oftenhanya limitedbertugas herdalam serviceacara-acara to statekenegaraan. occasions; the {{lang|it|''Dame di Corte}}'' wasadalah theperwara regularyang lady-in-waitingsecara whoteratur personallymendampingi attended to the queenpermaisuri, whilesementara the {{lang|it|''Dame di Palazzo}}'' wereadalah honorarypara courtiersistanawati attachedkehormatan toyang theerat royalkaitannya palacesdengan inkota-kota particulartertentu cities,seperti such as FlorenceFirenze, TurinTurino, anddan so forthlain-lain, anddan onlyhanya servedbertugas temporaryuntuk whensementara thewaktu queenbilamana visitedpermaisuri thesedang citymelawat inkota question:yang amongbersangkutan. these,Hanya only the {{lang|it|''Dame di Palazzo}}'' attacheddari toistana thekerjaan royaldi palaceibu ofkota theRoma capitalyang ofbertugas Romelebih serveddari moresekadar thansementara temporarywaktu.<ref>la Repubblica.it, 2007, 11, 25, La dama di compagnia dell' ultima Regina {{full citation needed|date=April 2017}}</ref>
=== Jepang ===
Di Jepang, jabatan-jabatan pegawai istana kaisar biasanya dipercayakan kepada para bangsawan istana, dan yang menjadi perwara atau 'pramugraha istana' lazimnya berasal dari kalangan bangsawan.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?">{{harvnb|Lillehoj|p=}}</ref><!--
In Japan, the imperial court offices was normally reserved for members of the court aristocracy and the ladies-in-waiting or 'palace attendants' were commonly educated members of the nobility.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?">{{harvnb|Lillehoj|p=}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2017}}
During the [[Heian period]] (794–1185) women could hold court offices of substantial responsibility, managing the affairs of the Emperor.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/> Female palace attendants were employed by the Imperial Bureau of Palace Attendants from among the court aristocracy, but were required to have sufficient education in Chinese classics to be accepted.<ref name=" Rowley date? page?">{{harvnb|Rowley|p=}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2017}}
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