Perwara: Perbedaan antara revisi
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=== Jepang ===
Di Jepang, jabatan-jabatan pegawai istana kaisar biasanya dipercayakan kepada para bangsawan istana, dan yang menjadi perwara atau 'pramugraha istana' lazimnya berasal dari kalangan bangsawan.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?">{{harvnb|Lillehoj|p=}}</ref>
During the [[Sengoku period]] (1467–1603), the highest rank of a lady-in-waiting was the 'Female Assistant to the Major Counselor', who ran the affairs of the daily life of the Imperial Household.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/> The second rank was {{nihongo3|Female Palace Attendant||Koto No Naishi}}, who acted as intermediary between the Emperor and those seeking an audience and issued his wishes in writing.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/> Ladies-in-waiting acted as imperial secretaries and noted the events at court, visitors and gifts in the official court journals.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/>
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