Kerongsang Kelt: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 64:
Batang tubuh kerongsang biasanya dibuat dengan cara cetak tuang, dan telah ditemukan beberapa bagian dari cetakan dua pelat.<ref>Youngs, 170–171, 189–193; NMI, 176–177</ref><!-- Banyak kerongsang memiliki cells for studs or bosses that are most often round hemispheres, but may be square, lozenges maupun bentuk-bentuk lain; very often the studs themselves sekarang sudah hilang. These are in a variety of materials including kaca, email, [[amber]], dan batu-batu permata lokal, although not including any of the classic modern "ratna mutu manikam", or even the [[garnet]]s found in perhiasan Inggris-Saksen. However the kaca ''[[millefiori]]'' rods yang adakalanya digunakan tampaknya diimpor dari Italia, contohnya seperti yang terdapat pada perhiasan-perhiasan Saksen-Inggris dari [[Sutton Hoo]]; contoh-contoh of the rods sudah ditemukan dalam ekskavasi di Irlandia maupun di Inggris.<ref>Youngs, 202–204</ref>
Sebagaimana cawan-cawan Insuler dan barang-barang kriya logam lainnya, the very ornate kerongsang-kerongsang Irlandia were mostly made in many pieces which are pinned or slotted together. Filigree decoration was often made on "trays" which fitted into the main ring —
[[File:Brit Mus 13sept10 brooches etc 015-crop.jpg|thumb|[[Kerongsang Breadalbane]], Irlandia, abad ke-8, diubah dari bentuk penanuler semunya di Skotlandia pada abad ke-9.<ref>Youngs, 94–95</ref>]]
Teknik-teknik mencakup [[chip-carving]], cast "imitation chip-carving", [[filigree]], [[engraving]], inlays of various types including [[niello]], kaca dan email [[champlevé]], serta berbagai macam teknik tempa dan tatah: "the range of materials and techniques is almost the full range known to man."<ref>Youngs, 171–173, quote 171</ref> Two techniques that do not appear are the "true pierced openwork ''[[interasile]]'', much used in Byzantine jewellery",<ref>Youngs, 171–173</ref> and the [[cloisonné]] work that typified banyak perhiasan Eropa Barat, dan teristimewa fibula-fibula besar, at the time, whether in enamel or stone inlays like the garnets used so effectively at Sutton Hoo and in the Anglo-Saxon [[Khazanah Staffordshire]]. Pada kerongsang-kerongsang bersepuh emas, penggunaan email dibatasi pada studs that punctuate the composition like gems; the larger areas of champlevé found on the flared terminals of earlier types perhaps continue in simpler types, though dating is difficult.
Pada beberapa kerongsang, the decoration is too detailed to be appreciated
Few of the major brooches, or indeed other metalwork, have been found in contexts that can be easily dated, and much of the dating of at least the earlier ones comes from comparison with naskah-[[naskah beriluminasi]] Insuler, though the dating of these is often itself far from certain. The Tara Brooch has long been recognised as having clear stylistic similarities to the [[Lindisfarne Gospels]], thought to date to about 698–715. Many of the similarities are to the [[halaman permadani]], highly detailed ornamental pages filled with decoration, which share with the brooch a certain ''[[Horror vacui (art)|horror vacui]]'' that leaves no area unembellished, and also complex decoration that is extremely small and perfectly executed, and best appreciated when seen at a larger than actual scale, whether in the original or in photographs. --> Kedua-duanya memadukan unsur-unsur dari pelbagai gagrak seni rupa yang membentuk gagrak seni rupa yang khas Insuler, yaitu gagrak seni rupa Kelt La Tène, [[gagrak satwa]] khas Jermani, serta gagrak klasik dan berbagai gagrak Mediterania lainnya.
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