Analisis jaringan sosial: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Analisis jaringan sosial telah muncul sebagai teknik kunci dalam [[sosiologi]] modern. Analisis ini juga memperoleh popularitas signifikan dalam bidang-bidang berikut: [[antropologi]], [[biologi]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tringali |first1=Angela |last2=Sherer |first2=David L. |last3=Cosgrove |first3=Jillian |last4=Bowman |first4=Reed |title=Life history stage explains behavior in a social network before and during the early breeding season in a cooperatively breeding bird |journal=PeerJ |date=10 Februari 2020 |volume=8 |pages=e8302 |doi=10.7717/peerj.8302 |pmid=32095315 |pmc=7020825 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[demografi]], [[kajian komunikasi]],<ref name="Hagen L 2018 523–541"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Social network differences of chronotypes identified from mobile phone data|date=2018 |oclc=1062367169}}{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref> [[ekonomi]], [[geografi]], [[sejarah]], [[ilmu informasi]], [[kajian organisasi]],<ref name=Brennecke2017/><ref name=Brennecke2019/> [[fisika]],<ref name=Gao2023>{{cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=Min |last2=Li |first2=Zheng |last3=Li |first3=Ruichen |last4=Cui |first4=Chenhao |last5=Chen |first5=Xinyuan |last6=Ye |first6=Bodian |last7=Li |first7=Yupeng |last8=Gu |first8=Weiwei |last9=Gong |first9=Qingyuan |last10=Wang |first10=Xin |last11=Chen |first11=Yang |url=https://www.cell.com/patterns/pdf/S2666-3899(23)00218-0.pdf |title=EasyGraph: A multifunctional, cross-platform, and effective library for interdisciplinary network analysis |journal=Patterns |date=Oktober 2023 |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=100839|doi=10.1016/j.patter.2023.100839 |pmid=37876903|pmc=10591136 }}</ref> [[ilmu politik]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Rakhyun E |title=Is Global Governance Fragmented, Polycentric, or Complex? The State of the Art of the Network Approach |journal=International Studies Review |date=26 November 2020 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=903–931 |doi=10.1093/isr/viz052 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kesehatan masyarakat,<ref name=Harris2007>{{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=Jenine K. |last2=Clements |first2=Bruce |title=Using Social Network Analysis to Understand Missouri's System of Public Health Emergency Planners |journal=Public Health Reports |date=July 2007 |volume=122 |issue=4 |pages=488–498 |doi=10.1177/003335490712200410 |pmid=17639652 |pmc=1888499 |oclc=8062393936 }}</ref><ref name=Harris2009/> [[psikologi sosial]], [[kajian pembangunan]], [[sosiolinguistik]], dan [[ilmu komputer]],<ref name=Ghanbarnejad>{{Cite book|title=Dynamics On and Of Complex Networks III Machine Learning and Statistical Physics Approaches|last1=Ghanbarnejad|first1=Fakhteh|last2=Saha Roy|first2=Rishiraj|last3=Karimi|first3=Fariba|last4=Delvenne|first4=Jean-Charles|last5=Mitra|first5=Bivas|date=2019|publisher=Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer|isbn=9783030146832|location=Cham |oclc=1115074203}}{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref> pendidikan dan penelitian pendidikan jarak jauh,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bozkurt |first1=Aras |last2=Akgun-Ozbek |first2=Ela |last3=Yilmazel |first3=Sibel |last4=Erdogdu |first4=Erdem |last5=Ucar |first5=Hasan |last6=Guler |first6=Emel |last7=Sezgin |first7=Sezan |last8=Karadeniz |first8=Abdulkadir |last9=Sen-Ersoy |first9=Nazife |last10=Goksel-Canbek |first10=Nil |last11=Dincer |first11=Gokhan Deniz |last12=Ari |first12=Suleyman |last13=Aydin |first13=Cengiz Hakan |date=2015-01-20 |title=Trends in distance education research: A content analysis of journals 2009–2013 |url=https://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1953 |journal=The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |doi=10.19173/irrodl.v16i1.1953 |issn=1492-3831 |doi-access=free }}</ref> dan sekarang tersedia secara umum sebagai alat konsumen (lihat [[:en:Social network analysis software|perangkat lunak analisis jaringan sosial]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19699776|title=Facebook friends mapped by Wolfram Alpha app|work=BBC News|date=24 September 2012|access-date=25 Juli 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/08/30/wolfram-alpha-launches-personal-analytics-reports-for-facebook/|title=Wolfram Alpha Launches Personal Analytics Reports For Facebook|work=Tech Crunch|date= 30 Agustus 2012|author=Frederic Lardinois|access-date=25 Juli 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Ivaldi M.|author2=Ferreri L.|author3=Daolio F.|author4=Giacobini M.|author5=Tomassini M.|author6=Rainoldi A.|title=We-Sport: from academy spin-off to data-base for complex network analysis; an innovative approach to a new technology|journal=J Sports Med Phys Fitness |volume=51|issue=suppl. 1 to issue 3|hdl=2318/90491|quote=The social network analysis was used to analyze properties of the network We-Sport.com allowing a deep interpretation and analysis of the level of aggregation phenomena in the specific context of sport and physical exercise.}}</ref>
== Sejarah ==
Analisis jaringan sosial berakar pada karya sosiolog terdahulu seperti [[Georg Simmel]] dan [[Émile Durkheim]], yang menulis tentang pentingnya mempelajari pola hubungan yang menghubungkan pelaku sosial. Ilmuwan sosial telah menggunakan konsep "[[jejaring sosial|jaringan sosial]]" sejak awal abad ke-20 untuk menunjukkan serangkaian hubungan yang kompleks antara anggota sistem sosial di semua skala, dari antarpribadi hingga internasional.<ref name="Freeman"/>
Pada tahun 1930-an, [[Jacob Moreno]] dan [[Helen Hall Jennings|Helen Jennings]] memperkenalkan metode analisis dasar.<ref name="Freeman">{{cite book |last1=Freeman |first1=Linton C |title=The development of social network analysis: a study in the sociology of science |date=2004 |publisher=Empirical Press; BookSurge |isbn=978-1-59457-714-7 |oclc=429594334 }}{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref> Pada tahun 1954, [[John Arundel Barnes]] mulai menggunakan istilah tersebut secara sistematis untuk menunjukkan pola ikatan, yang mencakup konsep yang secara tradisional digunakan oleh publik dan yang digunakan oleh ilmuwan sosial: [[kelompok sosial|kelompok]] terbatas (misalnya, suku, keluarga) dan kategori sosial (misalnya, gender, etnis).
Dimulai pada tahun 1970-an, akademisi seperti [[Ronald Stuart Burt|Ronald Burt]], [[Kathleen Carley]], [[Mark Granovetter]], [[David Krackhardt]], [[Edward Laumann]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], [[Barry Wellman]], [[Douglas R. White]], dan [[Harrison White]] memperluas penggunaan analisis jaringan sosial yang sistematis.<ref name="development"/>
Dimulai pada akhir tahun 1990-an, analisis jaringan sosial mengalami kebangkitan lebih lanjut dengan karya para sosiolog, ilmuwan politik, ekonom, ilmuwan komputer, dan fisikawan seperti [[Duncan J. Watts]], [[Albert-László Barabási]], [[Peter Bearman]], [[Nicholas A. Christakis]], [[James H. Fowler]], [[Mark Newman]], [[Matthew Jackson]], [[Jon Kleinberg]], dan lainnya, yang mengembangkan dan menerapkan model serta metode baru, yang sebagian didorong oleh munculnya data baru yang tersedia tentang jaringan sosial daring serta "jejak digital" mengenai jaringan tatap muka.
Analisis jaringan sosial komputasional telah digunakan secara luas dalam penelitian perolehan bahasa kedua melalui studi di luar negeri.<ref name = Paradowskietal2022>{{cite journal |last1= Paradowski |first1=Michał B. |last2=Cierpich-Kozieł |first2=Agnieszka |last3=Chen |first3=Chih-Chun |last4=Ochab |first4=Jeremi K. |title=How output outweighs input and interlocutors matter for study-abroad SLA: Computational Social Network Analysis of learner interactions |journal=The Modern Language Journal |date=2022 |volume=106 |issue=4 |pages=694–725 |doi=10.1111/modl.12811|s2cid=255247273 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12811}}</ref><ref name = Paradowskietal2024>{{cite journal |last1= Paradowski |first1=Michał B. |last2=Whitby |first2=Nicole |last3=Czuba |first3=Michał |last4=Bródka |first4=Piotr |title=Peer interaction dynamics and L2 learning trajectories during study abroad: A longitudinal investigation using dynamic computational Social Network Analysis |journal=Language Learning |date=2024 |volume=74 |issue=S2 |pages=58–115 |doi=10.1111/lang.12681}}</ref> Bahkan dalam studi literatur, analisis jaringan telah diterapkan oleh Anheier, Gerhards dan Romo,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anheier |first1=Helmut K. |last2=Gerhards |first2=Jurgen |last3=Romo |first3=Frank P. |title=Forms of Capital and Social Structure in Cultural Fields: Examining Bourdieu's Social Topography |journal=American Journal of Sociology |date=Januari 1995 |volume=100 |issue=4 |pages=859–903 |doi=10.1086/230603 |s2cid=143587142 }}</ref> Wouter De Nooy,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Nooy |first1=Wouter |title=Fields and networks: correspondence analysis and social network analysis in the framework of field theory |journal=Poetics |date=Oktober 2003 |volume=31 |issue=5–6 |pages=305–327 |doi=10.1016/s0304-422x(03)00035-4 }}</ref> dan Burgert Senekal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Senekal |first1=Burgert |title=Die Afrikaanse literêre sisteem : 'n eksperimentele benadering met behulp van Sosiale-netwerk-analise (SNA) : geesteswetenskappe |trans-title=The Afrikaans literary system: an experimental approach using Social Network Analysis (SNA): humanities |language=Afrikaans |journal=Litnet Akademies |date=1 Desember 2012 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=614–638 |hdl=10520/EJC129817 }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
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