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pada 28 Mei 2003, sekitar 15:00 WIB)
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[[de:Elektron]] [[eo:Elektrono]] [[es:Electron]] [[fr:Electron]] [[ja:電子]] [[nl:Elektron]] [[pl:Elektron]]
The '''electron''' is a subatomic [[particle physics|particle]]. It has a negative [[electric charge]] of -1.6 × 10<sup>-19</sup> [[coulomb]]s, and a mass of about [[1 E-31 kg|9.10 × 10<sup>-31</sup> kg]] (0.51 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>).
The electron is commonly represented as '''e<sup>-</sup>'''. The [[antimatter|antiparticle]] of the electron is the [[positron]], which is identical to an electron but has positive electrical charge.
[[Atom]]s consist of a [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]] of [[proton]]s and [[neutron]]s surrounded by electrons. Electrons are very light compared to the other two types of particles: a proton is about 1800 times as heavy as an electron.
The electron is one of a class of subatomic particles called [[lepton]]s which are believed to be [[particle physics|fundamental particles]] (that is, they cannot be broken down into smaller constituent parts). The electron has [[spin (physics)|spin]] 1/2, which implies it is a [[fermion]], i.e., follows the [[Fermi-Dirac statistics]].
==History==
The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, while studying the "[[cathode rays]]."
==Technical Details==
The electron is described in [[quantum mechanics]] by the [[Dirac Equation]].
In the [[Standard Model]] it forms a doublet in SU(2) with the [[electron neutrino]], as they interact through the [[weak interaction]]. The electron has two more massive partners, with the same charge but different masses: the [[muon]] and the [[tau]].
==Electricity==
When electrons move, free of the nuclei of atoms, and there is a net flow, this flow is called [[electricity]], or an [[electric current]]. This might be compared to a flock of sheep moving north together, while the shepherds do not. Electric charge can be directly measured with an [[electrometer]]. Electric current can be directly measured with a [[galvanometer]].
So-called "static electricity" is not a flow of electrons at all. More correctly called a "static charge", it refers to a body that has more or fewer electrons than are required to balance the positive charge of the nuclei. When there is an excess of electrons, the object is said to be "negatively charged". When there are fewer electrons than [[proton]]s, the object is said to be "positively charged". When the number of electrons and the number of protons are equal, the object is said to be electrically "neutral".
===See also===
* [[Standard Model]]
* [[Proton]]
* [[Neutron]]
===External Links===
* [http://pdg.lbl.gov/ Particle Data Group]
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