Pembayaran tol elektronik: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Roscoe x (bicara | kontrib)
terjemahan dari wikipedia inggris, == Sistem toll collection ==
Stephensuleeman (bicara | kontrib)
terjemahkan bag. yg belum diterjemahkan
Baris 1:
[[Image:FasTrak transponder.jpg|right|frame|ManyBanyak ETCsistem systemsETC usemenggunakan transponderstransponder likeseperti thisini oneuntuk tosecara electronicallyelektronik debitmendebit therekening accountsdari ofmobil-mobil registeredyang carsterdaftar withouttanpa theirharus stoppingmenghentikannya]]
[[Image:TAG-Televia.jpg|right|thumbnail|250px|Transponder useddigunakan indi somesejumlah Chileanjalan freewaysbebas hambatan di Chili]]
 
'''Electronic toll collection (ETC)''', adalah sebuah adaptasi dari teknologi militer [[identifikasi teman atau lawan]], yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan kemacetan di [[jalan tol]]. Dia merupakan implementasi teknologi konsep [[penghargaan jalan]]. Dia menentukan apakah mobil-mobil yang melewati terdaftar dalam program, alarm bagi yang tidak terdaftar, dan mendebit secara elektronik akunrekening dari mobil terdaftar tanpa harus berhenti, atau membuka jendela. ETC pertama kali diperkenalkan pada [[1987]] di [[Ålesund]], [[Norwegia]].
 
== Sistem tollpemungutan collectionbiaya tol ==
 
=== Asia ===
[[Image:ERPBugis.JPG|thumb|right|300px|[[Electronic Road Pricing]] Gantry atdi North Bridge Road, [[SingaporeSingapura]].]]
* [http://www.hypass.com HyPass] indi [[Pakistan]]
* [http://www.tolltex.com/products.htm TollTrax Toll Collection System] indi [[Kharagpur, India]]
* [http://www.metroroadsystems.com/toll_collections.shtml Metro Electronic Toll Collection Systems] indi [[Delhi, India]]
*[[Smart TAG]] indi [[Malaysia]]
*[[Singapore Area Licensing Scheme|Area Licensing Scheme]] indi [[SingaporeSingapura]]
*[[Electronic Road Pricing]] indi [[SingaporeSingapura]]
*[http://www.autotoll.com.hk Autotoll] indi [[Hong Kong]], [[ChinaTiongkok]]
*[http://www.autotoll.com.hk/eng/background.php Autopass] indi [[Hong Kong]], [[ChinaTiongkok]] (nowkini mergeddigabungkan withdengan Autotoll)
*[http://www.autotoll.com.hk/eng/background.php Electronic Toll Systems Ltd.] indi [[Hong Kong]], [[ChinaTiongkok]] (nowkini mergeddigabungkan withdengan Autotoll)
*[http://www.go-etc.jp/ ETC] indi [[JapanJepang]]
*[http://www.pncc.net/page_news.html#skyway E-Pass] atdi [[South Luzon Expressway]] indi [[PhilippinesFilipina]]
*[http://www.tollways.net/products.asp EC Tag] atdi [[North Luzon Expressway]] indi [[PhilippinesFilipina]]
*[http://www.fetc.net.tw/homepage_en.html ETC] indi [[Republic ofRepublik China]]
 
=== Eropa ===
*[[Autopass]] [http://www.autopass.no/newsread/news.asp?N=5012&L=1] indi mostsebagian ofbesar jalan-jalan di [[NorwayNorwegia]]
*[[Videomaut]] foruntuk motorwaysjalan-jalan andraya expresswaysdan injalan bebas hambatan di [[Austria]] subjectyang terkena pungutan tobiaya specialtol tollskhusus
*[[go-maut]] [http://www.go-maut.at] foruntuk thejaringan nationaljalan Autobahnraya network indi [[Austria]]
*[[LKW-MAUT]] foruntuk truckstruk ondi [[Autobahn]]s, GermanyJerman
*[[TELEPASS]] ondi jalan-jalan raya [[Autostrade]] motorways indi ItalyItalia
*[[Télépéage]] ondi Frenchjalan-jalan raya Perancis motorways
*[[Eazy Pass]] ondi nationaljalan-jalan tolltol roadsnasional indi IrelandIrlandia
*[[DART-tag]] for theuntuk [[DartfordPenyeberangan CrossingDartford]], UKBritania Raya
*[[London congestion charge]] indi [[London]], UKBritania Raya
*[[Fast tag]] Merseyterowongan tunnelsMersey: [[Queensway Tunnel]] anddan [[Kingsway Tunnel]], UKBritania Raya
*[[M6 Toll tag]] in thedi [[midlands]], UKBritania Raya
*[[Severn tag]] for theuntuk [[SevernJembatan BridgeSevern]] anddan SecondPenyeberangan Severn CrossingKedua, UKBritania Raya
* ''planneddirencanakan foruntuk 2006'' [[TamarJembatan BridgeTamar]],UKBritania Raya
*[[Via Verde]] indi Portugal (allsemua tollsjalan tol)
*[[BroBizz]] foruntuk thejembatan [[OresundJembatan bridgeOresund|Øresund]] anddan [[Great Belt Bridge|Great Belt]] bridges indi Denmark/SwedenSwedia
*[http://www.kgm.gov.tr/fr5.asp?tt=0301 OGS] indi TurkeyTurki
*[[StockholmPajak congestionkepadatan taxjalan Stockholm]] indi [[Stockholm]], SwedenSwedia
*ABC [http://www.dars.si/index.php?id=18] indi [[Slovenia]]
*VIA-T [http://www.viat.es] indi [[SpainSpanyol]]
 
===[[Amerika Utara]]===
==== Kanada ====
*[[407 ETR]] indi [[Southern Ontario]] [http://www.407etr.com/]
 
==== MexicoMeksiko ====
*[[IAVE]] indi allsemua thejalan highwaysraya operatedyang bydioperasikan oleh [[Caminos y Puentes Federales]] (CAPUFE)
 
==== Amerika Serikat ====
*[[AutoExpreso]] indi [[Puerto RicoRiko]]
*[[C-Pass]] indi [[Key Biscayne, Florida]] [http://www.miamidade.gov/pubworks/tolls_rickenbacker_Cpass.asp]
*[[Cruise Card]] indi [[Atlanta, Georgia]] [http://www.georgiatolls.com/SRTAExternal/jsp/content/cruisecardcentral.jsp]
*[[E-PASS]] indi [[Orlando, Florida]] [http://www.expresswayauthority.com/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[SunPass]])
*[[EXpressToll]] indi [[Colorado]] [http://www.e-470.com/]
*[[E-ZPass]] in thedi [[U.S.Timur laut NortheastAS]] [http://www.e-zpassny.com/][http://www.ezpassmaineturnpike.com/]
*[[Fast Lane]] indi [[Massachusetts]] [http://www.masspike.com/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[E-ZPass]])
*[[Fastrak]] indi [[California]] [http://www.511.org/fastrak/]
*[[I-Pass]] indi [[Illinois]] [http://www.illinoistollway.com/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[E-ZPass]])
*IN-Transit Road Pass indi [[Indiana]] (futureakan datang) [http://www.indianatollroad.org/toll_rates/ez_pass.html]
*[[K-Tag]] indi [[Kansas]] [http://www.ksturnpike.com/]
*[[LeeWay]] indi [[Lee County, Florida]] [http://www.leewayinfo.com/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[SunPass]])
*[[MnPass]] indi [[Minnesota]] [http://www.dot.state.mn.us/information/mnpass/]
*[[O-PASS]] indi [[Osceola County, Florida]] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[SunPass]]) [http://www.osceola.org/index.cfm?lsFuses=Department/OsceolaParkway/673#JumpTo676/]
*[[PalmettoPass]] indi [[South Carolina]] [http://www.palmettopass.net/]
*[[Pikepass]] indi [[Oklahoma]] [http://www.pikepass.com]
*[[Smart Tag]] indi [[Virginia]] [http://www.smart-tag.com/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[E-ZPass]])
*[[SunPass]] indi [[Florida]] [http://www.sunpass.com/]
*[[TollTag]] indi [[Texas]] [http://www.ntta.org/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[TxTAG]])
*[[EZ TAG]] indi [[Texas]] [http://www.hctra.com/] (InteroperableDapat withdioperasikan bergantian dengan [[TxTAG]])
*[[TxTAG]] indi [[Texas]]
 
===OceaniaOseania===
==== Australia ====
* [[CityLink]], indi [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
* [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] anddan [[Sydney Harbour Tunnel]], indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Eastern Distributor]] indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Metroad_2|M2 Motorway]], indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Metroad_4|M4 Motorway]], indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Metroad_5|M5 Motorway]], indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Metroad_7|M7 Motorway]], indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Cross City Tunnel]], indi [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
* [[Gateway Motorway]], indi [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]
* [[Logan Motorway]], indi [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]
 
=== Amerika Selatan ===
*[[Sem Parar]] / [[Via Fácil]] indi [[São Paulo]], [[BrazilBrasil]] [http://www.semparar.net]
*[[Onda Livre]] for theuntuk [[Rio-Niterói Bridge]] indi [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[BrazilBrasil]] [http://www.ponte.com.br]
*[[Passe Expresso]] for theuntuk [[Yellow Line]] indi [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[BrazilBrasil]] [http://www.lamsa.com.br]
*[http://www.autopistacentral.cl Autopista Central] indi [[Santiago, ChileChili|Santiago]],[[ChileChili]].
*[http://www.vespuciosur.cl Autopista Vespucio Sur] indi [[Santiago, ChileChili|Santiago]],[[ChileChili]].
*[http://www.vespucioexpress.cl Autopista Vespucio Norte Express] indi [[Santiago, ChileChili|Santiago]],[[ChileChili]].
*[http://www.cnorte.cl Costanera Norte] indi [[Santiago, ChileChili|Santiago]],[[ChileChili]].