Museum dan Galeri Seni Derby: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Hubungan Derby dan Abad Pencerahan ==
[[File:derbymuseumlib.jpg|right|upright|thumb|Bangunan tahun 1876 saat ini lebih banyak dipakai untuk [[Perpustakaan Pusat Derby]] namun pemisahan dengan gedung baru bervariasi]]
Derby sangat berperan pada abad delapan belas terutama pada [[Abad pencerahan|Pencerahan]], sebuah masa ketika ilmu pengetahuan dan filosofi menantang [[hak ilahi raja]] untuk memimpin. Masa pencerahan mempunyai banyak cabang, termasuk filosofi besar "pencerahan Skotlandia" (''"Scottish enlightenment"'') yang terpusat pada filsuf David Hume, dan perubahan politik memuncak pada [[revolusi Perancis]], namun di Midlands Inggris daerah dimana tokoh industri dan ilmu pengetahuan saling bekerjasama. Tokoh terkenal dari ''Lunar Society'', termasuk [[Erasmus Darwin]], [[Matthew Boulton]], [[Joseph Priestley]] dan [[Josiah Wedgwood]] ditambah [[Benjamin Franklin]] yang melakukan korespondensi dari Amerika<ref>{{en}} [http://jquarter.members.beeb.net/morelunar.htm Lunar], jquarter.members.beeb.net</ref> Erasmus Darwin, kakek dari [[Charles Darwin]]; mengawali Derby Philosophical Society ketika ia pindah ke Derby pada 1783. Ini adalah yayasan yang mendirikan perpustakaan pertama di Derby.
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Some of the paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby, which are notable for their use of light and shade, are of Lunar Society members. Derby museum has over 300 of Wright's sketches, 34 oil paintings, and documents.<ref name=leap>{{cite news|title=Closure could be small step back for a giant leap forward. The building was closed on 18 October so asbestos could be removed and other refurbishment work started. A lighting upgrade and installation of a disabled lift will continue, with completion expected in March 2011|accessdate=6 November 2010|newspaper=Evening Telegraph|date=19 October 2010}}</ref> One is entitled ''[[The Alchymist in Search of the Philosopher's Stone]]'' (1771) and it depicts the discovery of the element [[phosphorus]] by German alchemist [[Hennig Brand]] in 1669. A flask in which a large quantity of [[urine]] has been boiled down is seen bursting into light as the phosphorus, which is abundant in urine, ignites spontaneously in air.
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[[Image:JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg|thumb|''[[The Alchymist in Search of the Philosopher's Stone]]'', by [[Joseph Wright of Derby|Joseph Wright]], 1771]]
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These factual paintings are considered to have metaphorical meaning too, the bursting into light of the phosphorus in front of a praying figure signifying the problematic transition from faith to scientific understanding and enlightenment, and the various expressions on the figures around the bird in the airpump indicating concern over the possible inhumanity of the coming age of science.<ref>[http://www.search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/content/files/81/76/355.rtf Search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk]</ref> These paintings represent a high point in scientific enquiry which began the undermining of the power of religion in Western societies. Some ten years later scientists worldwide would find themselves persecuted, or even put to death in the backlash to the French Revolution of 1789, itself the culmination of enlightenment thinking. Joseph Priestley, member of the Lunar Society and discoverer of [[oxygen]] would flee Britain after his laboratory in Birmingham was smashed and his house burned down in the [[Priestley Riots|Birmingham riots]] of 1791, by a mob objecting to his outspoken support for the French Revolution;<ref name=Schofield2004>{{citation | last=Schofield | first=Robert E. | year=2004 | title=The enlightened Joseph Priestley: a study of his life and work from 1773 to 1804 | publisher=Penn State Press | isbn=9780271024592 | page=151}}</ref> and his colleague [[Lavoisier]] in France would be executed at the [[guillotine]]. The politician and philosopher [[Edmund Burke]], in his famous ''Reflections on the Revolution in France'' (1790), tied natural philosophers, and specifically Priestley, to the French Revolution, writing that radicals who supported science in Britain "considered man in their experiments no more than they do mice in an air pump". In the light of this comment, Wright's painting of the bird in the air pump, completed over twenty years earlier, seems particularly prescient.
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