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[[Image:A Fly by Matthias Zimmermann.jpg|thumb|Lalat pemakan bangkai, ''Sarcophaga carnaria'']]
'''Lalat''' adalah jenis [[serangga]] yang berasal dari subordo Cyclorrapha [[ordo (biologi)|ordo]] [[Diptera]]. Secara morfologi lalat dibedakan dari [[nyamuk]] (subordo Nematocera) berdasarkan ukuran [[antena (biologi)|antena]]nya; lalat berantena pendek, sedangkan nyamuk berantena panjang{{ref|hidayat2005}}. Lalat umumnya mempunyai sepasang sayap asli serta sepasang sayap kecil yang digunakan untuk menjaga stabilitas saat terbang. Lalat sering hidup di antara manusia dan sebagian jenis dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang serius. Lalat disebut penyebar penyakit yang sangat serius karena setiap lalat hinggap di suatu tempat, kurang lebih 125.000 kuman yang jatuh ke tempat tersebut.{{fact}}
Lalat sangat mengandalkan [[penglihatan]] untuk bertahan hidup. [[Mata majemuk]] lalat terdiri atas ribuan [[lensa]] dan sangat peka terhadap gerakan. Beberapa jenis lalat memiliki penglihatan tiga dimensi yang akurat. Beberapa jenis lalat lain, misalnya ''Ormia ochracea'', memiliki organ [[pendengaran]] yang sangat canggih.
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As defined by [[entomologist]]s, a '''fly''' (plural '''flies''') is any species of [[insect]] of the [[Order_(biology)|order]] [[Diptera]]. These typically have one pair of true wings, with the hind wings modified into [[halteres]]. Flies are common amongst humans and some can cause the spread of serious diseases. The [[housefly|house-fly]] (''Musca domestica'') and [[mosquito]] are particularly common amongst humans. Other flies, such as the [[horse-fly]] (Family Tabanidae), can inflict painful bites. The [[larva]] of a fly is commonly called a '''maggot'''.
Flies rely heavily on sight for survival. The compound eyes of flies are composed of thousands of individual lenses and are very sensitive to movement. Some flies have very accurate 3D vision. A few, like ''[[Ormia ochracea]]'', have very advanced hearing organs.
The diet of flies varies heavily between species. The horse-fly eats bits of flesh torn off of its prey, mosquitoes feed on blood and nectar, and the housefly eats a semi-digested liquid created by mixing-enzyme rich saliva with its food.
In addition to being an essential part of the food chain, some species of flies spread pollen, hasten the decomposition of plants, animals, and dung, and, in the case of about 5000 species of Tachina flies, eat other insects.
==Maggots==
The fly life cycle is composed of four stages: egg, larva (commonly known as a maggot), pupa, adult. The eggs are laid in decaying flesh, animal dung, or pools of stagnant water - whatever has ample food for the larva.
Some types of maggots found on corpses can be of great use to [[forensic science|forensic scientists]]. By their stage of development, these maggots can be used to give an indication of the time elapsed since death, as well as the place the organism died. The size of the house fly maggot is 9.5-19.1mm (3/8 to 3/4 inch). At the height of the summer season, a generation of flies (egg to adult) may be produced in 12-14 days.
Maggot identification uses a classification called "Instar" stages. An instar I is about 2-5 mm long; instar II 6-14 mm; instar III 15-20 mm. These measure about 2-3 days, 3-4 days, and 4-6 days (for average houseflies or bottleflies) since the eggs were laid. By use of this data, plus other signs, the approximate time since death can be estimated by forensic scientists.
Various maggots cause damage in [[agriculture|agricultural]] crop production, including [[root maggot]]s in [[rapeseed]] and [[midge]] maggots in [[wheat]]. Some maggots are [[leaf mine]]rs.
Maggots are bred commercially, as a popular bait in [[angling]], and a food for carnivourous pets such as [[reptiles]] or [[birds]].
===Use in medicine===
Through the ages maggots have been used in medicine in order to clean out necrotic [[wound]]s. For more information, see [[Maggot therapy]].
==Fly-like insects==
[[Image:House fly leg.jpg|thumb|200px|House fly leg]]
[[Image:Flies around 60 watt light globe.jpg|thumb|200px|Flies attracted to a light in summer]]
The word "fly" also refers to insects of various orders other than [[Diptera]]. Entomologists try to distinguish between true flies and other orders by [[hyphen]]ating the names of true flies (house-fly, horse-fly, crane-fly), but giving the members of other orders unhyphenated names, either with two unconnected words (caddis fly, alder fly) or with a single, [[concatenate]]d name (dragonfly, stonefly).
*[[firefly]]: [[beetle|Coleoptera]]:[[Lampyridae]]
*[[caddis fly]]: [[Trichoptera]]
*[[dragonfly]] and [[damselfly]]: [[Odonata]]
*[[butterfly]]: [[Lepidoptera]]
*[[stonefly]]: [[Plecoptera]]
*[[mayfly]]: Ephemeroptera
*[[symphyta|sawfly]]: [[Hymenoptera]]:[[Tenthredinidae]]
*[[scorpionfly]] and [[hangingfly]]: [[Mecoptera]]
*[[alder fly]], [[Dobson fly]], and [[fish fly]]: [[Megaloptera]]
==Rarest known fly==
The world's rarest known fly family is Eurychoromyidae-Broad-headed Flies [http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Diptera/minorfam/eurychor.htm]
== Flies in art and popular culture ==
In [[art]], extremely life-like flies have sometimes been depicted in the [[trompe l'oeil]] paintings of the [[15th century]]. An example is the painting ''Portrait of a Carthusian'' by [[Petrus Christus]], showing a fly sitting on a fake frame. [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/optg/hod_49.7.19.htm]
The [[1986]] science fiction film ''[[The Fly (1986 film)|The Fly]]'' revolves around the accidental merger of a human and a fly.
In [[2001]], Garnet Hertz produced an art project in which a complete [[web server]] was implanted into a dead fly.
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==Referensi==
{{note|hidayat2005}}Hidayat, P. (2005) [http://www.ipb.ac.id/~phidayat/hpt210/perlintan/Perlintan%20Minggu-3.pdf Pengenalan ordo dan beberapa famili serta anggota spesiesnya] (format [[pdfPDF]], diakses 8 Maret 2006). ''Slide'' matakuliah Pengantar Perlindungan Tanaman. Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
==Pranala luar==
{{commons|lalat}}
<!--*[http://fohn.net/pictures-of-flies/ Pictures of Flies and Other Observations]
*[http://www.arkayltd.co.uk/pages/info_education.html Information and Pictures About Flying Insects]
*[http://wetterchronik.de/mm/tiere/fliege7.htm Picture: Fly on a window]
* [http://www.conceptlab.com/fly/index.html Fly with implanted web server], by Garnet Hertz.
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[[Kategori:Serangga]]
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