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== Kehidupan ==
Yudas adalah putra ketiga dari [[Matatias]] dari keluarga HasmoneaHasmoni, seorang [[Kohen|imam Yahudi]] dari desa [[Modiin]]. Pada 167 SM Matatias, bersama-sama dengan anak-anaknya yang lain, Yehuda, Eleazar, [[Simon Makabe|Simon]], dan [[Yonatan Makabe|Yonatan]], memulai suatu pemberontakan melawan penguasa [[Seleukus]] [[AntiokusAntiokhus IV Epifanes]], yang sejak 175 SM telah mengeluarkan berbagai keputusan yang melarang praktik-praktik keagamaan [[Yudaisme|Yahudi]]. <!--AfterSetelah Mattathias'skematian deathMatatias inpada 166 BCESM, JudahYehuda assumedmengambil leadershipalih ofpimpinan thepemberontakan revoltitu insesuai accordance with thedengan deathbedpesan dispositionayahnya ofsebelum hismeninggal fatherdunia. The [[First1 BookMakabe|Kitab of1 MaccabeesMakabe]]<ref>VirtuallyApa allyang thatdiketahui istentang knownYudas about Judah Maccabee isMakabe containedpraktis interdapat thedalam [[BooksKitab of theMakabe|Kitab-kitab MaccabeesMakabe]] anddan indalam the works ofkata-kata [[JosephusYosefus]], largelyyang umumnya dependenttergantung onpada thissumber sourceini.</ref> praisesmemuji Judah'skeberanian valordan andbakat militarykemiliteran talentYehuda, suggestingmengatakan thatbahwa thosesifat-sifat qualitiestersebut mademembuat JudahYehuda asebagai naturalpilihan choiceyang fortepat theuntuk newmenjadi commander.panglima yang baru.
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In the early days of the rebellion, Judah received a surname Maccabee. Several explanations have been put forward for this surname. One suggestion is that the name derives from the [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] ''maqqaba'', "the hammer", in recognition of his ferocity in battle. It is also possible that the name Maccabee is an [[acronym]] for the [[Torah]] verse ''Mi kamokha ba'elim Hashem'', "Who is like unto thee among the mighty, O Lord!" ([[Exodus]] 15:11).
===19th century===
Interest in Judah only revived in the 19th century, with ''Giuda Macabeo, ossia la morte di Nicanore...'' (1839), an [[Italy|Italian]] "azione sacra" based on which [[Vallicella]] composed an [[oratorio]]. One of the best-known literary works on the theme was ''Judas Maccabaeus'' (1872), a five-act verse tragedy by [[Henry Longfellow]]. A Hebrew version of Longfellow's play was published in 1900. Two later 19th-century interpretations of the story were ''Judas Makkabaeus'', a novella by the German writer Josef Eduard Konrad Bischoff which appeared in ''Der Gefangene von Kuestrin'' (1885); and ''The Hammer'' (1890), a book by Alfred J. Church and Richmond Seeley. -->
===20th centuryAbad ke-20 ===
SeveralBeberapa Jewishpengarang authorsYahudi ofpada theabad 20thke-20 centuryjuga alsomenulis devotedtentang theirYudas works to Judah MaccabeeMakabe. Jacob Benjamin Katznelson (1855–1930) wrote themenulis poempuisi ''Alilot Gibbor ha-Yehudim Yehudah ha-Makkabi le-Veit ha-Hashmona'im'' (1922); thenovelis U.S. novelistAS Howard Fast was the author ofmengarang ''My Glorious Brothers'' (1948); thepengarang [[Yiddish]] writer Moses Schulstein whoyang wrotemenulis thepuisi dramaticdramatis poem "Yehudah ha-Makkabi" (indalam A Layter tsu der Zun, 1954); karangan Jacob Fichmann's ''Yehudah ha-Makkabi'' isadalah onesebuah ofkisah thekepahlawanan heroicyang talesdimasukkan included indalam ''Sippurim le-Mofet'' (1954). ManyBanyak children'sdrama playsanak-anak haveyang alsojuga beentelah writtenditulis onberdasarkan thetema themeini byoleh variousberbagai Jewishpengarang authorsYahudi. DuringPada Worldmasa WarPerang Dunia II thepenulis Swiss-German writerJerman Karl Boxler publishedmenerbitkan his novelnovelnya Judas Makkabaeus; ein Kleinvolk kaempft um Glaube und Heimat (1943),; thesub-judulnya subtitlemengesankan ofbahwa whichkaum suggests thatdemocrat Swiss democratspada thenwaktu drewitu amenarik parallelkesamaan betweenantara theirpahlawan ownnasional national heromereka, [[William Tell]], anddengan thepemimpin leaderpemberontakan ofMakabe thedalam Maccabeanmelawan revolttirani againstasing. foreign tyranny.
===Visual artsSeni visual ===
Dalam seni [[Kristen]] [[Abad Pertengahan]], Yudas Makabe dianggap sebagai salah satu pahlawan dalam [[Perjanjian Lama]]. Ia tampil dalam manuskrip bergambar abad ke-10, ''Libri Maccabaeorum''. Seniman Perancis abad pertengahan akhir, Jean Fouquet, melukis sebuah ilustrasi tentang Yudas yang menang atas lawan-lawannya untuk manuskripnya yang terkenal tentang Yosefus. [[Rubens]] melukiskan Yudas Makabe yang sedang berdoa untuk mereka yang telah meninggal dunia. Lukisan ini menggambarkan sebuah episode dari Kitab 2 Makabe 12:39–48 di mana para pasukan Yehuda menemukan jimat-jimat curian yang dianggap berhala di jenazah-jenazah para pejuang Yahudi yang terbunuh di medan perang. Karena itu ia berdoa dan mempersembahkan kurban penebusan dosa untuk para pejuang ini yang telah mati dalam keadaan berdosa. Pada masa [[Kontra Reformasi]] nas ini digunakan oleh [[Gereja Katolik|umat Katolik]] untuk menghadapi orang-orang [[Protestan]] untuk membenarkan doktrin tentang [[purgatorium]]. Oleh karena itu, Rubens melukiskan adegan untuk Kapel untuk Orang Mati di Katedral [[Tournai]]. Pada abad ke-19, Paul Gustave Doré membuat ukiran Yudas Makabe yang dengan jaya mengejar pasukan-pasukan Suriah yang sedang kocar-kacir.
In the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Christianity|Christian]] art, Judah Maccabee was regarded as one of the heroes of the [[Old Testament]]. He figures in a tenth-century illustrated manuscript ''Libri Maccabaeorum''. The late medieval French artist Jean Fouquet painted an illustration of Judah triumphing over his enemies for his famous manuscript of Josephus. [[Rubens]] painted Judah Maccabee praying for the dead; the painting illustrates an episode from II Maccabees 12:39–48 in which Judah's troops found stolen idolatrous charms on the corpses of Jewish warriors slain on the battlefield. He therefore offered prayers and an expiatory sacrifice for these warriors who had died in a state of sin. During the [[Counter-Reformation]] the passage was used by [[Catholicism|Catholics]] against [[Protestantism|Protestants]] in order to justify the doctrine of [[purgatory]]. Accordingly, Rubens painted the scene for the Chapel of the Dead in [[Tournai]] cathedral. In the 19th century, Paul Gustave Doré executed an engraving of Judah Maccabee victoriously pursuing the shattered troops of the Syrian enemy.
===Music Musik ===
InDalam musicmusik, almosthampir allsemua thekomposisi compositionsyang inspireddiilhami byoleh thepemberontakan HasmoneanHasmoni revoltini areterutama primarilymemusatkan concernedperhatiannya withpada JudahYudas. InPada [[1746]], the composerkomponis [[George Frideric Handel]] composed hismenyusun [[oratoriooratorium]]nya, ''[[Judas Maccabaeus (oratoriooratorium)| Judas MaccabeusMaccabaeus]]'' puttingmenempatkan thekisah biblicalAlkitab storyini in the context ofdalam thekonteks [[JacobitePemberontakan RisingYakobit]]; onesalah ofsatu thetema themesyang isdigunakan usedsebagai as the tune for the popularlagu [[ChristianPaskah]] [[EasterKristen]] hymn ''Thine Be The Glory, Risen Conquering Son''. ThisKarya workini, withdengan librettokata-katanya byyang disusun oleh Thomas Morrell, haddikarang beenuntuk writtenmerayakan for the celebrations following thekemenangan [[Duke of Cumberland]]'s victoryatas overpara thepemberontak [[Scotland|ScottishYakobit]] [[JacobiteSkotlandia]] rebels at thepada [[Battle ofPertempuran Culloden]] inpada 1746. TheRefrain oratorio'syang mostpaling famousterkenal chorusdari isoratorium ini berbunyi "SeeLihat, thesang conqu'ringpahlawan heroyang comesmenang datang." Handel's ''Judas Maccabaeus'' waskarya oftenHandel performedseringkali indipertunjukkan thedi [[Land of Israel]], with thedengan motif of "conqu'ringpahlawan hero"yang becomingmenang" asebagai Hanukkahlagu songHanuka.
[[Tom Lehrer]] refersmerujuk tokepada JudasYudas MaccabeusMakabe in hisdalam songlagunya "HanukahHanukkah in Santa Monica". -->
== Catatan ==
== Rujukan ==
* Schalit, Abraham (1997). "JudahJudas Maccabee". ''[[Encyclopedia Judaica]]'' (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. [[Cecil Roth]]. Keter Publishing House. ISBN 965-07-0665-8
* Schäfer, Peter (2003). ''The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World''. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30585-3
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{{s-hno|[[HasmoneaHasmoni|Dinasti AsamoneusHasmoni]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Matatias]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Hasmonea|Pemimpin Makabe]]|years=167 SM – 160 SM}}
== Pranala luar ==
*[http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/maccabeus/ Yudas JudasMakabe Maccabeusdalam ongambar thedan direktori Web (pictures and directory)]
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=672&letter=J Jewish Encyclopedia]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08541a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia]
[[Kategori:Kematian 160 SM]]
[[Kategori:HasmoneaDinasti Hasmoni|Makabe, Yudas]]
[[da:Judas Makkabæeren]]
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