Ottawa: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: es:Ottawa adalah artikel bagus |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
Baris 1:
{{About|Ibukota negara Kanada}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Ottawa
|official_name = City of Ottawa<br>''Ville d'Ottawa''
|other_name =
|native_name =
|settlement_type = Kota
|nickname = [[Bytown]]
|motto = "Advance-Ottawa-En Avant"<br>Written in the [[Bilingualism in Ottawa|two official languages]].<ref name="Montague">{{cite web|url=http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf|title=Ottawa Book of Everything|author=Art Montague|publisher=MacIntyre Purcell Publishing|year=2008|accessdate=14 July 2011}}</ref>
|image_skyline = OttawaCollage.png
|imagesize =
|image_caption = [[Centre Block|Centre Block on Parliament Hill]], [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] di [[downtown Ottawa]], [[National Gallery of Canada]], dan [[Kanal Rideau]] dan [[Château Laurier]].
|image_map = Rideau Canal.jpg
|map_caption = [[Rideau Canal]]
|image_flag = Flag of Ottawa, Ontario.svg
|image_shield = Ottawa coat of arms.png
|image_map = Map of Ontario OTTAWA.svg
|mapsize = 200px
|map_caption = Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario, Canada
|coordinates_region = CA-ON
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinsi Kanada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Ontario}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[Daftar region Kanada|Region]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Region Kapital Nasional (Kanada)|National Capital Region]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_title1 = [[Dewan Kota]]
|leader_name1 = [[Dewan Kota Ottawa]]
|leader_title2 = [[Anggota parlemen (Kanada)|MPs]]
|leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Daftar MPs
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =[[Mauril Bélanger]]
|2 =[[Paul Dewar]]
|3 = [[John Baird (Politisi Kanada)|John Baird]]
|4=[[Royal Galipeau]]
|5=[[David McGuinty]]
|6=[[Pierre Lemieux]]
|7=[[Gordon O'Connor]]
|8=[[Pierre Poilievre]]
}}
|leader_title3 = [[Anggota parlemen provinsi (Ontario)|MPPs]]
|leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Daftar MPPs
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =[[Lisa MacLeod]]
|2 =[[Jean-Marc Lalonde]]
|3 = [[Dalton McGuinty]]
|4=[[Phil McNeely]]
|5=[[Madeleine Meilleur]]
|6=[[Yasir Naqvi]]
|7=[[Norm Sterling]]
|8=[[Bob Chiarelli]]
}}
|leader_name = [[Jim Watson (politisi Kanada)|Jim Watson]]
|established_title = Didirikan
|established_date = 1826 sebagai [[Bytown]]<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005">{{cite book|author1=Justin D. Edwards|author2=Douglas Ivison|title=Downtown Canada: writing Canadian cities|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35|accessdate=14 July 2011|date=19 November 2005|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802086686|page=35}}</ref>
|established_title2 = Inkorporasi
|established_title2 = [[Kota korporasi|Incorporated]]
|established_date2 = 1855 sebagai Kota Ottawa<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005"/>
|established_title3 = [[Penggabungan (politik)|Amalgamated]]
|established_date3 = 1 Januari 2001
|area_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop/><ref name=UAPop/><ref name=CMAPop/>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 2778.13
|area_total_sq_mi = 1072.9
|area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 = 512.29
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 = 5,716.00
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop/><ref name=CMAPop/>
|population_note =
|population_total = 883,391 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|4th]])
|population_density_km2 = 316.6
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_metro = 1,236,324 ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|4th]])
|population_density_metro_km2 = 196.6
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title= [[Demonym]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html |title=City of Ottawa - Design C |publisher=Ottawa.ca |date=2010-05-20 |accessdate=2011-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm |title=Rapport au / Report to: |publisher=Ottawa.ca |year=2011 |accessdate=2011-10-26}}</ref>
|population_blank1 = Ottawan
|timezone = Eastern (EST)
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST =-4
|latd=45 |latm=25 |lats=15 |latNS=N
|longd=75 |longm=41 |longs=24 |longEW=W
|elevation_m = 70
|elevation_ft = 230
|website = [http://www.ottawa.ca/ ottawa.ca]
|postal_code_type = Postal code span
|postal_code = K0A, K1A-K4C<ref name="Montague"/>
|area_code = [[Area code 613|613]], [[Area code 343|343]], [[Area code 819|819]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Ottawa''' adalah [[ibu kota]] [[Kanada]] dan merupakan kota terbesar keempat negara tersebut. Kota ini terletak di [[Lembah Ottawa]] di bagian timur [[Provinsi dan Teritori Kanada|provinsi]] [[Ontario]], di perbatasan utara [[Quebec City-Windsor Corridor]]. Populasi kota ini adalah 808.391, dan populasi [[National Capital Region (Kanada)|wilayah Ottawa]] adalah 1.146.790 ([[2004]]). Wali kotanya adalah [[Bob Chiarelli]].
Sebagai ibukota, Ottawa memiliki banyak ''national landmark'' seperti [[Parliament Hill]], gedung pemerintahan sentral Kanada yang meniru [[Houses of Parliament]] di Inggris; [[National Gallery of Canada]], [[Royal Canadian Mint]] dimana uang Kanada dicetak (dan cabangnya yang lain di Winnipeg); [[Rideau Canal]], dan lainnya. Salah satu ''trademark'' Ottawa yang lain adalah [[Scotiabank Place]], stadion hoki es untuk tim [[NHL]] atau National Hockey League, [[Ottawa Senators]].
== Geografi ==
{{main|Geografi Ottawa}}
[[File:Hot Air Balloon ride Ottawa II.jpg|left|thumb|Pemandangan dari kiri ke kanan: [[Gatineau]] [[Sungai Ottawa]] dan [[Downtown Ottawa]]]]
Ottawa terletak di tepi selatan [[Sungai Ottawa]], dan berisi mulut para [[Sungai Rideau]] dan [[Rideau Canal]].<ref name="RipleyDana1875">{{cite book|author1=George Ripley|author2=Charles Anderson Dana|title=The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733|accessdate=27 May 2011|year=1875|publisher=Appleton|page=733}}</ref> Bagian tua kota (termasuk apa yang tersisa dari [[Bytown]]) dikenal sebagai ''[[Lower Town]]'', dan menempati area antara kanal dan sungai. Di seberang kanal ke barat terletak ''[[Centretown]]'' dan ''[[Downtown Ottawa]]'', yang merupakan pusat kota keuangan dan komersial. Pada tanggal 29 Juni 2007, Rideau Canal, yang membentang {{convert|202|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ke Kingston, Fort Henry dan empat menara Martello di daerah Kingston diakui sebagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |title=Rideau Canal - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date= |accessdate=2011-05-27}}</ref>
=== Iklim ===
Ottawa memiliki [[iklim lembab benua]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'') dengan empat musim yang berbeda. Suhu maksimum rata-rata Juli adalah {{convert|26|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Suhu minimum rata-rata Januari adalah {{convert|−15.3|°C|1}}.
Musim panas yang hangat dan lembab di Ottawa. Siang hari suhu {{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}} atau lebih tinggi yang biasa. Ottawa rata-rata beberapa hari dengan [[humidex]] (suhu gabungan & indeks kelembaban) antara {{convert|30|°C|0}} dan {{convert|40|°C|0}} setiap tahun.
Salju dan es yang dominan selama musim dingin. Ottawa menerima sekitar {{convert|235|cm|in|0}} hujan salju setiap tahun. Hari di atas titik beku dan malam di bawah {{convert|−30|°C|0}} kedua terjadi pada musim dingin. Tinggi [[angin dingin]] yang umum, dengan rata-rata tahunan 14 hari dengan angin menggigil di bawah {{convert|−30|°C|0}}.<ref name="ottawa1">{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/immigration/choose/weather_en.html#P54_430 |title=City of Ottawa - Weather |publisher=Ottawa.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-06-07}}</ref>
Musim semi dan musim gugur adalah variabel, rentan terhadap ekstrem suhu dan perubahan tak terduga dalam kondisi. Panas hari di atas {{convert|30|°C|0}} elah terjadi sejak April (seperti pada 2002) atau akhir September, serta salju baik ke Mei dan awal bulan Oktober (meskipun peristiwa tersebut sangat tidak biasa dan singkat).<ref name=CCN/>
Rata-rata curah hujan rata-rata tahunan sekitar {{convert|940|mm|0}}. Ottawa menerima rata-rata {{convert|915|mm|in|abbr=on}} dari total curah hujan setahun. Ada sekitar 2.060 jam sinar matahari rata per tahun (47% dari mungkin).<ref name=CCN /><ref name="sunshine data"/>
{{Weather box
|collapsed = 1
|location = Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport (1971–2000)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan maximum humidex= 13.1
|Feb maximum humidex= 14.6
|Mar maximum humidex= 30
|Apr maximum humidex= 35.1
|May maximum humidex= 38.2
|Jun maximum humidex= 44
|Jul maximum humidex= 46
|Aug maximum humidex= 45.7
|Sep maximum humidex= 42.5
|Oct maximum humidex= 33.7
|Nov maximum humidex= 26.1
|Dec maximum humidex= 18.4
|year maximum humidex=
|Jan record high C = 12.0
|Feb record high C = 14.2
|Mar record high C = 27.2
|Apr record high C = 31.1
|May record high C = 32.8
|Jun record high C = 36.1
|Jul record high C = 36.7
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 35.0
|Oct record high C = 27.8
|Nov record high C = 23.9
|Dec record high C = 16.3
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = −6.1
|Feb high C = −4.1
|Mar high C = 2.2
|Apr high C = 10.8
|May high C = 19.1
|Jun high C = 23.8
|Jul high C = 26.5
|Aug high C = 24.9
|Sep high C = 19.5
|Oct high C = 12.5
|Nov high C = 5.3
|Dec high C = −4.8
|year high C = 10.9
|Jan mean C= −10.8
|Feb mean C= −8.7
|Mar mean C= −2.5
|Apr mean C= 5.7
|May mean C= 13.4
|Jun mean C= 18.3
|Jul mean C= 20.9
|Aug mean C= 19.5
|Sep mean C= 14.3
|Oct mean C= 7.8
|Nov mean C= 1.25
|Dec mean C= −8.1
|year mean C= 6
|Jan low C = −15.3
|Feb low C = −13.3
|Mar low C = −7.1
|Apr low C = 0.6
|May low C = 7.7
|Jun low C = 12.7
|Jul low C = 15.4
|Aug low C = 14.1
|Sep low C = 9.1
|Oct low C = 3.0
|Nov low C = −2.8
|Dec low C = −11.3
|year low C = 1.1
|Jan record low C = −35.6
|Feb record low C = −36.1
|Mar record low C = −30.6
|Apr record low C = −16.7
|May record low C = −5.6
|Jun record low C = −0.1
|Jul record low C = 5
|Aug record low C = 2.6
|Sep record low C = −3.0
|Oct record low C = −7.8
|Nov record low C = −21.7
|Dec record low C = −34.4
|year record low C = −36.1
|Jan chill= −47.8
|Feb chill= −47.6
|Mar chill= −37.8
|Apr chill= −26.3
|May chill= −10.9
|Jun chill= −1.6
|Jul chill= 4.6
|Aug chill= 1.1
|Sep chill= −6.4
|Oct chill= −13.3
|Nov chill= −29.5
|Dec chill= −44.6
|year chill=
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 70.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 58.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 73.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 72.4
|May precipitation mm = 79.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 85.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 90.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 87.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 85.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 79.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 80.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 81.5
|year precipitation mm = 943.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 25.2
|Feb rain mm = 17.6
|Mar rain mm = 36.3
|Apr rain mm = 60.5
|May rain mm = 78.4
|Jun rain mm = 85.0
|Jul rain mm = 90.6
|Aug rain mm = 87.1
|Sep rain mm = 85.3
|Oct rain mm = 74.9
|Nov rain mm = 59.8
|Dec rain mm = 31.3
|year rain mm = 732
|Jan snow cm = 55.2
|Feb snow cm = 46.0
|Mar snow cm = 39.8
|Apr snow cm = 11.0
|May snow cm = 0.6
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 4.1
|Nov snow cm = 21.9
|Dec snow cm = 57.2
|year snow cm = 235.7
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan precipitation days = 17
|Feb precipitation days = 13.1
|Mar precipitation days = 13.6
|Apr precipitation days = 12.0
|May precipitation days = 12.9
|Jun precipitation days = 12.2
|Jul precipitation days = 11.6
|Aug precipitation days = 11.1
|Sep precipitation days = 12.7
|Oct precipitation days = 13.4
|Nov precipitation days = 15.3
|Dec precipitation days = 17.7
|Jan rain days = 4.5
|Feb rain days = 3.9
|Mar rain days = 7.1
|Apr rain days = 10.1
|May rain days = 12.8
|Jun rain days = 12.2
|Jul rain days = 11.6
|Aug rain days = 11.1
|Sep rain days = 12.7
|Oct rain days = 12.6
|Nov rain days = 10.4
|Dec rain days = 5.8
|Jan snow days = 16
|Feb snow days = 11.9
|Mar snow days = 9.5
|Apr snow days = 3.7
|May snow days = 0.3
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 1.4
|Nov snow days = 7.6
|Dec snow days = 15.2
|Jan humidity= 74
|Feb humidity= 72.1
|Mar humidity= 73
|Apr humidity= 72.5
|May humidity= 74.9
|Jun humidity= 79.6
|Jul humidity= 82.4
|Aug humidity= 86.8
|Sep humidity= 87.6
|Oct humidity= 83.4
|Nov humidity= 81.9
|Dec humidity= 79.8
|year humidity= 79
|Jan sun = 101.2
|Feb sun = 129.8
|Mar sun = 159.8
|Apr sun = 189.4
|May sun = 230.3
|Jun sun = 253.3
|Jul sun = 276.8
|Aug sun = 246.7
|Sep sun = 171.5
|Oct sun = 136.7
|Nov sun = 83.6
|Dec sun = 82
|year sun = 2061.1
|source 1 = Environment Canada<ref name=CCN>{{cite web
| url = http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4337&autofwd=1
| title = Ottawa macdonald-cartier int'l a
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000
| publisher = Environment Canada
| language = English & French
| accessdate = 2011-01-11 }}</ref>
|source 2= Environment Canada (sun only).<ref name="sunshine data">[http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4333&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=ottawa_cda&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 Climate Normals for Ottawa 1971-2000], accessed 24 March 2012.</ref>
|date=December 2010
}}
== Hubungan International==
{{see|Daftar kedutaan besar dan komisi tinggi Ottawa}}
Saat ini, Ottawa adalah tuan rumah dari 130 kedutaan.<ref name="international1">{{cite web|url=http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |title=Heads of Missions |publisher=W01.international.gc.ca |date=2009-10-27 |accessdate=2010-11-03}}</ref> Sebuah lanjut 49 negara mengakreditasi kedutaan dan misi di Amerika Serikat untuk Kanada.<ref name="international1"/>
;Kota kembar:
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Beijing]], China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiapacific.ca/fr/news/ottawa-and-beijing-sign-sister-cities-agreement |title=Ottawa and Beijing Sign Sister Cities Agreement | Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada |publisher=Asiapacific.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
*{{Citation
|last = Brault
|first = Lucien
|title = Ottawa Old and New
|year = 1946
|publisher = Ottawa historical information Institute
|publication-place =
|oclc = 2947504
}}
*{{cite book|first=Joan |last=Finnigan|title=Giants of Canada's Ottawa Valley|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GbvECdC60GAC&pg=PP1|year=1981|publisher=GeneralStore PublishingHouse|isbn=978-0-919431-00-3}}
*{{citation|first=James |last=Hale|title=Frommer's Ottawa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=9780470681589}}
*{{citation|first=Jeff |last=Keshen|coauthor=Nicole St-Onge|title=Ottawa--making a capital|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1|year=2001|publisher=University of Ottawa Press|isbn=9780776605210}}
*{{citation|first=David |last=Lee|title=Lumber kings & shantymen: logging and lumbering in the Ottawa Valley|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1|year=2006|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=9781550289220}}
*{{Citation
|last = Legget
|first = Robert
|title = Rideau Waterway
|year = 1986
|publisher = University of Toronto Press
|publication-place = Toronto
|isbn =0802065910
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252
}}
*{{Citation
|first=Carol
|last=Martin
|title=Ottawa: a colourguide
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gjUoa_r4LOIC&pg=PA1
|year=1997
|publisher=Formac Publishing Company
|isbn=9780887803963
}}
*{{Citation
|last = Mika
|first = Nick & Helma
|title = Bytown: The Early Days of Ottawa
|year = 1982
|publisher = Mika Publishing Company
|publication-place = Belleville, Ont
|isbn = 0919303609
}}
*{{citation|first=Marion Van de |last=Wetering|title=An Ottawa album: glimpses of the way we were|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1|year=1997|publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd.|isbn=9780888821959}}
*{{Citation
|last = Woods
|first = Shirley E. Jr.
|title = Ottawa: The Capital of Canada
|year = 1980
|publisher = Doubleday Canada
|publication-place = Toronto
|isbn = 0385147228
}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{
* [http://www.ottawa.ca/ City of Ottawa's website]
*
* [http://www.ottawatourism.ca/ Ottawa Tourism]
*{{Wikitravel|Ottawa}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Ottawa
|North = ''[[Ottawa River]]'' / [[Pontiac, Quebec|Pontiac]], bridges to [[Gatineau]]
|Northeast = ''[[Ottawa River]]'' / [[Lochaber-Partie-Ouest, Quebec|Lochaber-Partie-Ouest]]
|East = [[Clarence-Rockland]]
|Southeast = [[Russell, Ontario|Russell]], [[The Nation, Ontario|The Nation]]
|South = [[North Grenville, Ontario|North Grenville]], [[North Dundas, Ontario|North Dundas]]
|Southwest = [[Merrickville-Wolford, Ontario|Merrickville-Wolford]]
|West = [[Mississippi Mills, Ontario|Mississippi Mills]]<br />[[Beckwith, Ontario|Beckwith]]<br />[[Montague, Ontario|Montague]]
|Northwest = [[Arnprior, Ontario|Arnprior]]
|image = Flag of Ontario.svg
}}
[[Kategori:Ibu kota negara]]
| |||