Tekelet: Perbedaan antara revisi

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←Membuat halaman berisi 'thumb|right|upright|Tzitzit (jumbai) dengan ''t'chelet'' (benang biru) '''Tekelet''' ({{lang-he|תכלת}}, "turquoise"<ref name="Gutni...'
 
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Baris 17:
{{Rquote|right|<sup>37</sup> TUHAN berfirman kepada Musa: 38 Berbicaralah kepada orang Israel dan katakanlah kepada mereka, bahwa mereka harus membuat jumbai-jumbai pada punca baju mereka, turun-temurun, dan dalam jumbai-jumbai punca itu haruslah dibubuh benang ungu kebiru-biruan ({{lang-he|tekelet}}). 39 Maka jumbai itu akan mengingatkan kamu, apabila kamu melihatnya, kepada segala perintah TUHAN, sehingga kamu melakukannya dan tidak lagi menuruti hatimu atau matamu sendiri, seperti biasa kamu perbuat dalam ketidaksetiaanmu terhadap TUHAN. 40 Maksudnya supaya kamu mengingat dan melakukan segala perintah-Ku dan menjadi kudus bagi Allahmu. 41 Akulah TUHAN, Allahmu, yang telah membawa kamu keluar dari tanah Mesir, supaya Aku menjadi Allah bagimu; Akulah TUHAN, Allahmu.|Bamidbar - Parshas Shelach|{{Alkitab|Bilangan 15:37–41}}}}
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==Etymology Etimologi ==
Teklelet, meaning "turquoise"<ref name="Gutnick Chumash Tchelet">{{cite book|last=Compilation|first=|title=Chumash : the five books of Moses : with Rashi's commentary Targum Onkelos and Haftaros with a commentary anthologized from classic Rabbinic texts and the works of the Lubavitcher Rebge|year=2006|publisher=Kol Menachem|location=New York, N.Y.|isbn=9781934152010|page=967|edition=Synagogue|coauthors=adapted by Rabbi Chaim Miller}}</ref> or "blue"<ref name=tchelet.chbd/> in Hebrew was translated into Greek as ''[[Hyacinth (plant)|hyakinthinos]]'' ([[Septuagint]] {{Lang-el|ὑακίνθινος}}, "blue").
{{Jews and Judaism sidebar|religion}}
 
== Catatan Alkitab ==
==Biblical references==
Of the 50{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} (or 48 <ref name=outekhelet /><ref name=ExaminerTchelet />) uses in the [[Masoretic Text]], one refers to the whole nation of Israel ({{bibleverse||Numbers|15:37–41|JPR}}), 44{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} refer to the priesthood or temple. The remaining 6{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} in Esther, Jeremiah and Ezekiel are secular uses; such as when Mordechai puts on "blue and white" "royal clothing" in Esther. The colour could be used in combination with other colours such as 2 Chronicles 3:14 where the veil of [[Solomon's Temple]] is made of blue (''tekhelet''), purple (Hebrew ''argaman'' אַרְגָּמָן) and crimson (Hebrew ''karmiyl'' כַּרְמִיל). Various shellfish have been suggested for the source of the dye.<ref>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Page 1057 Geoffrey W. Bromiley - 2007 "The most highly prized dye in the ancient world obtained from the secretions of four molluscs native to the eastern Mediterranean: [[helix ianthina]], [[murex brandaris]], [[murex trunculus]], and [[purpura lapillus]]. Various shades could be produced"</ref> Ezekiel 27:7 may indicate the source of the shellfish to have been the Aegean region.<ref>[[Gesenius]] Hebrew lexicon entry for "Isles of Elisha" - more modern source needed</ref>
 
Baris 42:
*The shell of the ''ḥillazon'' grows together with it ([[Midrash]] Song of Songs Rabbah 4:11)
*It is an [[invertebrate]] ([[Jerusalem Talmud]] Sabbath 1:38a)
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== Sejarah ==
[[File:Heb cover hi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|ASatu set of ''tzitzit'' dengan withbenang bluebiru threadyang produceddihasilkan fromdari ''Murex trunculus'']]
Pada satu ketika setelah pembuangan orang-orang Yahudi dari tanah Israel oleh pemerintah Romawi, identitas asli sumber pewarna ini telah hilang dan akibatnya orang-orang Yahudi hanya memakai jumbai berwarna putih saja.<ref>On History, Mesorah and Nignaz http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/HistoryMesorahNignaz.pdf</ref> Garis-garis pada kain ''[[tallit]]'', seringkali berwarna hitam, tetapi juga [[biru]] atau [[ungu]] ({{lang-en|purple}}), dipercayai melambangkan hilangnya ''tekelet'' yang dirujuk oleh sejumlah sumber sebagai "hitam seperti tengah malam", "biru seperti langit tengah hari", dan juga "[[ungu]]".<ref>Simmons, Rabbi Shraga. [http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_tallit.htm Tallit stripes]</ref> Garis-garis tekelet ini memberikan inspirasi [[bendera Israel]].
 
Di abad-abad terakhir ini, mulai diupayakan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber kuno pewarna tersebut dengan membandingkan sumber-sumber [[Talmud]] terhadap bukti-bukti fisik.<ref>The Mystery of Tekhelet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aAJgB4xAIw</ref> Tiga jenis [[moluska]] diusulkan sebagai ''khillazon'' yang tidak diketahui lagi identitasnya. Namun, belum ada yang diterima secara umum, meskipun satu [[spesies]] dari [[genus]] [[Murex]], ''[[Murex trunculus]]'', dikenal dengan nama modern ''[[Hexaplex trunculus]]'' dianggap sebagai yang paling mungkin menjadi sumber pewarna biru ''tekelet''. Kebanyakan orang Yahudi Rabbinik terus memakai hanya warna putih untuk ''tzitziyot'', mengikuti ''[[poskim]]'' (penentu hukum Yahudi) yang mereka anut.
==History==
[[File:Heb cover hi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A set of tzitzit with blue thread produced from ''Murex trunculus'']]
At some point following the Roman exile of the Jews from the land of Israel, the actual identity of the source of the dye was lost and as a result the Jews have worn only plain white tassles.<ref>On History, Mesorah and Nignaz http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/HistoryMesorahNignaz.pdf</ref>
 
AccordingMenurut toprofesor abidang professor of chemistry[[Kimia]], Zvi Koren, tekhelet''tekelet'' wasmendekati closewarna in"''midnight colorblue''" to("biru midnighttengah bluemalam").<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/The-color-techelet The color techelet]</ref> ThisKesimpulan conclusionini wasdidasarkan reachedatas basedanalisis onkimia thesepotong chemicalkain analysisberwarna of aberusia 2000-year oldtahun patchyang ofditemukan dyed fabric recovered fromdi [[Masada]] inpada thetahun 1960s1960-an.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kraft|first=Dina|title=Rediscovered, Ancient Color is Reclaiming Israeli Interest|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/28/world/middleeast/28blue.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=2011-02-27}}</ref> TheBahan sampleini ismempunyai acorak warna ''midnight blue'' withdengan asedikit purplish hueungu, anddan thisini iskonsisten consistentdengan withpewarna bothyang thebersumber dyedari source ofkerang Murex as well as the darker blue, almostmaupun violetwarna color[[nila]] ([[indigo]]) dari (''[[Indigofera tinctoria]]''), whichyang isdikatakan saiddalam to[[Talmud]] besulit indistinguishabledibedakan fromdari Tekhelet''tekelet'' in the Talmudasli.
The stripes on [[tallit|prayer shawls]], often black, but also blue or purple, are believed to symbolize the lost tekhelet which is referred to by various sources as being "black as midnight", "blue as the midday sky", and even purple.<ref>Simmons, Rabbi Shraga. [http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_tallit.htm Tallit stripes]</ref> These stripes of tekhelet inspired the design of the [[flag of Israel]].
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ExcavationsPenggalian atdi [[Tel Dor]] in 1986 unearthed an intact [[royal purple|purple dye]] manufacturing installation, based on dye extracted from [[murex]] marine snails.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=nYo_O52iijoC&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=tel+dor+dye+production&source=bl&ots=BkwOhFzQRX&sig=-1sQmEHVRw671y32qQqCdRY5z1I&hl=en&ei=EQoBS67POpCi4QaMnemBDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CBkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=tel%20dor%20dye%20production&f=false Wisdom as a woman of substance: a socioeconomic reading of Proverbs 1–9, Christine Elizabeth Yoder]</ref>
Over the last two centuries, attempts have been made to identify the ancient source of the dye by comparing Talmudic sources to physical evidence.<ref>The Mystery of Tekhelet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aAJgB4xAIw</ref> Three types of mollusks have been proposed as the lost ''khillazon.'' None have been universally accepted, though the [[Murex]], ''[[Murex trunculus]]'', known by the modern name ''[[Hexaplex trunculus]]'' is thought to be the most likely source of the biblical blue dye. Most Rabbinical Jews continue to wear only white ''tzitziyot'', following their ''[[poskim]]'' (deciders of Jewish law).
 
According to a professor of chemistry, Zvi Koren, tekhelet was close in color to midnight blue.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/The-color-techelet The color techelet]</ref> This conclusion was reached based on the chemical analysis of a 2000-year old patch of dyed fabric recovered from [[Masada]] in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kraft|first=Dina|title=Rediscovered, Ancient Color is Reclaiming Israeli Interest|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/28/world/middleeast/28blue.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=2011-02-27}}</ref> The sample is a midnight blue with a purplish hue, and this is consistent with both the dye source of Murex as well as the darker blue, almost violet color [[indigo]] (''Indigofera tinctoria''), which is said to be indistinguishable from Tekhelet in the Talmud.
 
Excavations at [[Tel Dor]] in 1986 unearthed an intact [[royal purple|purple dye]] manufacturing installation, based on dye extracted from [[murex]] marine snails.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=nYo_O52iijoC&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=tel+dor+dye+production&source=bl&ots=BkwOhFzQRX&sig=-1sQmEHVRw671y32qQqCdRY5z1I&hl=en&ei=EQoBS67POpCi4QaMnemBDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CBkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=tel%20dor%20dye%20production&f=false Wisdom as a woman of substance: a socioeconomic reading of Proverbs 1–9, Christine Elizabeth Yoder]</ref>
 
==''Sepia officinalis''==