Kent Hovind: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 93:
=== Tawaran $250,000 ===
 
Menurut Hovind, ia menawarkan uang $10,000 pada tahun 1990<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.drdino.com/articles.php?spec=67 | title=Hovind's $250,000 Offer | publisher=DrDino.com ([[archive.org|Archived]]) | year= 2005 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | accessdate = 2009-08-18 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080115225410/http://www.drdino.com/articles.php?spec=67 |archivedate = 2008-01-15}}</ref> dan kemudian meningkat menjadi d later raised the amount to $250,000 foruntuk:<ref name="offer">{{cite news | url=http://www.drdino.com/read-article.php?id=66 | title=Hovind's $250,000 Offer | publisher=DrDino.com ([[archive.org|Archived]]) | year= 2009 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | accessdate = 2009-04-24 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20090424080647/http://www.drdino.com/read-article.php?id=66 |archivedate = 2009-04-24}}</ref>
 
{{quotation|Saya memberikan tawaran terbuka $250,000 kepada barangsiapa yang dapat memberikan bukti empiris (bukti ilmiah) apa saja bagi evolusi. Tawaranku sebesar $250,000 menunjukkan bahwa hipotesa evolusi* tidak lain hanya sebuah kepercayaan agamawi.<ref name="offer" /><br />
{{quotation|I have a standing offer of $250,000 to anyone who can give any empirical evidence (scientific proof) for evolution.* My $250,000 offer demonstrates that the hypothesis of evolution is nothing more than a religious belief.<ref name="offer" /><br /><nowiki>*</nowiki>NOTE: When I use the word evolution, I am not referring to the minor variations found in all of the various life forms ([[microevolution]]). I am referring to the general theory of evolution which believes these five major events took place without God:
<nowiki>*</nowiki>CATATAN: Ketika saya mengunakan kata "evolusi", saya tidak merujuk kepada variasi minor yang ditemukan pada semua bentuk kehidupan (yaitu "evolusi mikro" atau "''microevolution''"). Saya merujuk kepada teori umum evolusi yang percaya bahwa lima peristiwa besar ini terjadi tanpa Allah:
:''1. Time, space, and matter came into existence by themselves.
:''21. PlanetsWaktu, andruang starsdan formedzat frommuncul spacedengan dustsendirinya.
:''2. Planet-planet dan bintang-bintang terbentuk dari debu angkasa.
:''3. Matter created life by itself.
:''3. Zat menciptakan kehidupan dengan sendirinya.
:''4. Early life-forms learned to reproduce themselves.
:''4. Bentuk-bentuk kehidupan dini belajar untuk berbiak dengan sendirinya.
:''5. Major changes occurred between these diverse life forms (i.e., fish changed to amphibians, amphibians changed to reptiles, and reptiles changed to birds or mammals).}}
:''5. Perubahan besar terjadi dari bentuk-bentuk kehidupan beragam (yaitu ikan berubah menjadi amfibi, amfibi berubah menjadi reptil, dan reptil berubah menjadi burung-burung atau binatan-binatang mamalia).}}
 
Since Kent Hovind's 2007 prison sentence, Creation Science Evangelism has removed the offer from its website without explanation and describes the "five events" simply as "tenets of evolution."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creationtoday.org/teaching-evolution-indoctrination-as-education/ |title=Teaching Evolution|publisher=CreationToday.org |first= |last= |date=2012-10-14|accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref>
 
SinceSejak Kent Hovind's 2007dipenjarakan prisonpada sentencetahun 2007, Creation Science Evangelism hastelah removedmenghapus thetawaran offerini fromdari itssitus websitewebnya withouttanpa explanationpenjelasan anddan describesmenggambarkan the"lima peristiwa"five eventstersebut hanya sebagai "prinsip-prinsip simplymendasar asevolusi" ("''tenets of evolution.''").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creationtoday.org/teaching-evolution-indoctrination-as-education/ |title=Teaching Evolution|publisher=CreationToday.org |first= |last= |date=2012-10-14|accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref>
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====Responses====
Critics view this offer to be spurious because of the conditions which Hovind imposes. The '[[Evolution as fact and theory|theory of evolution]]' as defined by Hovind covers not only the process of evolution but also [[abiogenesis]], [[astrophysics]], and [[cosmology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind.html|title=Kent Hovind's $250,000 Offer|publisher=[[Talk Origins Archive]]|first=John|last=Pieret|date=2002-07-18|accessdate=2009-06-18}}</ref> Also, unlike Hovind, scientists in the field of evolutionary biology do not distinguish between micro- and macro-evolution as distinct processes, instead contending that evolution takes place as microevolution, and that macroevolution is cumulative microevolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atheism.about.com/od/evolutionexplained/a/micro_macro.htm|title=Microevolution vs Macroevolution|publisher=About.com|first=Austin|last=Cline|accessdate=2009-06-18}}</ref>
 
Critics argue that the offer is merely a publicity stunt designed to be impossible to win because it requires the claimant to disprove all possible theories for the origin of species, no matter how ridiculous: his FAQ states that claimants must "prove beyond reasonable doubt that the process of evolution ... is the only possible way the observed phenomena could have come into existence."<ref name="offer" />
 
Hovind has said a panel of judges would decide if a claim had met his criteria, but he has refused to say who would be (or is) on that panel, or what their qualifications might be. Challengers who have submitted claims to Hovind say they have become convinced that he does not actually use a panel of judges, in spite of his promise to do so.<ref name="HovindLiar?">{{cite news | url=http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/kent_hovind's_lies.htm | title=Is Kent Hovind A Liar Too? |publisher=[[No Answers in Genesis]] | year=2006 | first=Ian | last=Wood | accessdate = 2007-10-24}}</ref> In one case, after twice stating that he would send a particular response to his judges (according to his website any responses he sent were considered "legitimate"<ref name="offer" />), Hovind stated, "Thanks for reminding me about not sending minor changes to the committee. This would be a waste of time for everyone involved. If you ever get any evidence that does support evolution please send it to me". The respondent felt that this indicated dishonesty on Hovind's part and confirmed public suspicions that he never intended to pay.<ref name="HovindChallengeAccepted">{{cite news | url=http://www.kent-hovind.com/250K/ron.htm | title=Ron Rayborne Accepts Hovind's Challenge |publisher=www.kent-hovind.com (archived) | year=2004 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | accessdate = 2009-08-15 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20050302152856/http://www.kent-hovind.com/250K/ron.htm |archivedate = 2005-03-02}}</ref> People have approached Hovind in regard to the challenge, addressing it from perspectives ranging from "Large-scale Evolution" to the [[Big Bang]]<ref name="DoubtDrDino" /> to polar bears.<ref name="HovindChallengeAccepted" />
 
In 2001, biologist [[Massimo Pigliucci]] attempted to collect Hovind's prize.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://fp.bio.utk.edu/skeptic/Debates/hovind-1.html | title=A response to Kent Hovind |publisher=[[University of Tennessee]] (archived) | year=2002 | first=Massimo | last=Pigliucci| accessdate = 2009-04-04 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20020612050111/http://fp.bio.utk.edu/skeptic/Debates/hovind-1.html | archivedate= 2002-06-12}}</ref> During a debate with Hovind, Pigliucci said Hovind did not send any details or names of scientists judging the evidence and Hovind "could have decided on his own" to dismiss the evidence.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q737-0QSfc | title=Dr. Massimo Pigliucci vs Kent Hovind – Part IV (25:00) mark |publisher=[[Infidel Guy|Live with the Infidel Guy]] | year=2001 | accessdate = 2009-04-04}}</ref> Pigliucci later issued a "counter-challenge" as "a spoof meant to uncover Hovind's challenge for the gimmick that it is" by asking for "empirical evidence, that Christianity is the only true religion and that a god with the exact characteristics of the one(s) described in the bible actually exists".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://fp.bio.utk.edu/skeptic/Debates/hovind-2.html | title=A counter-challenge to Kent Hovind |publisher=[[University of Tennessee]] (archived) | year=2002 | first=Massimo | last=Pigliucci| accessdate = 2009-04-04 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20020422173810/http://fp.bio.utk.edu/skeptic/Debates/hovind-2.html | archivedate= 2002-04-22}}</ref>
Baris 116 ⟶ 113:
 
Hovind has repeatedly declined written debates where his claims would be scrutinized by scientists, for example, when offered by [[Dave Thomas (physicist)|Dave Thomas]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nmsr.org/hovind.htm | title=The C-Files: Kent Hovind| publisher=New Mexicans for Science and Reason |year= 2000 | first=[[Dave Thomas (physicist)|Dave Thomas]] | accessdate =2012-10-17}}</ref> and Carl Marychurch.<ref name="HovindDebateChallenge">{{cite news | url=http://kent-hovind.com/response/greatdebate.htm | title=The Great Debate That Wasn't |publisher=www.kent-hovind.com (archived) | year=2003 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | accessdate = 2012-08-15 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110519220200/http://kent-hovind.com/response/greatdebate.htm |archivedate = 2011-05-11}}</ref>
 
Some creationist groups also do not approve of Hovind's offer. [[Answers in Genesis]] said it "would prefer that 'creationists' refrained from gimmicks like this."<ref name="AIGCriticism">{{cite news | url=http://web.archive.org/web/20050313064211/http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/1011hovind.asp | title=Maintaining Creationist Integrity: A response to Kent Hovind| publisher=[[Answers In Genesis]] |date= 11 October 2002 | first=[[Carl Wieland]], [[Ken Ham]] and [[Jonathan Sarfati]] | accessdate =2007-05-17}}</ref>
 
==Criticism==
Baris 123 ⟶ 118:
===From creationists===
Hovind has been criticized by other creationists, including [[young Earth creationists]] and [[old Earth creationists]], who believe that many of his arguments are invalid and, consequently, undermine their causes. Disagreements over how to respond to Hovind's claims have themselves contributed to acrimony between creationist organizations. The Australian and U.S. arms of [[Answers in Genesis]] (AiG) were critical of Hovind<ref name="AiGresponse">{{cite news | url=http://creation.com/maintaining-creationist-integrity-response-to-kent-hovind | title=Maintaining Creationist Integrity: A response to Kent Hovind| publisher=[[Answers In Genesis]] |date= 11 October 2002 | first=[[Carl Wieland]], [[Ken Ham]] and [[Jonathan Sarfati]] | accessdate =2007-09-17}}</ref> after he had criticized<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=41 | title=Bad Creation Arguments? |publisher=DrDino.com (archived) |date=August 2, 2002| first=Kent | last=Hovind | accessdate = 2009-08-18 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20021031104619/http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=41 | archivedate= 2002-10-31}}</ref> a position document from [[Creation Ministries International]], [http://creation.com/arguments-we-think-creationists-should-not-use "Arguments we think creationists should NOT use"].<ref name="dontuse">{{cite web|url=http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/dont_use.asp|title=Arguments we think creationists should NOT use|publisher=Answers in Genesis|accessdate=2007-02-02}}</ref> In particular AiG criticized Hovind for "persistently us[ing] discredited or false arguments"<ref name="AIGCriticism" /> and said Hovind's claims are "self-refuting".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ocweekly.com/2006-02-23/news/jesus-kills/4/ | title=Jesus Kills: The end of the world is coming, and some OC Christians cant wait | publisher=[[OC Weekly]] |date= Feb 23 2006 | first= | accessdate =2011-03-15}}</ref>
 
The U.S. arm of AiG, led by [[Ken Ham]], had an acrimonious split with its Australian parent in 2005. The Australian organization then split itself entirely off from its parent group, now styling itself [[Creation Ministries International]]. Material critical of Hovind was no longer available on the U.S. Answers In Genesis website, whereas the Australian CMI website retained the critical material.<ref name="AiGSlipping">{{cite news | url=http://noanswersingenesis.org.au/aig_integrity_slipping.htm | title=Answers in Genesis' integrity seems to be missing |publisher=[[No Answers in Genesis]] | date=22 March 2006 | first=John | last=Stear | accessdate = 2007-10-24}}</ref> In the 2002 article and a 2006 update, written by [[Carl Wieland]] and [[Jonathan Sarfati]] stated that the claims made by Hovind are "fraudulent" and contain "mistakes in facts and logic which do the creationist cause no good."<ref name="AiGresponse" /><ref name="CMIIntegrity">{{cite web|url=http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/2571/|accessdate=2006-06-08|title=Maintaining Creationist Integrity|publisher=Creation Ministries International}}</ref> CMI also criticized Hovind for using "fraudulent claims" made by [[Ron Wyatt]] in his claims.<ref name="AiGresponse" /> In August 2009, the Australian CMI website has since published an article praising Creation Science Evangelism for removing some faulty arguments, but decided against deleting its article altogether because "there are lots of 'free-to-copy' DVDs of Kent Hovind’s old talks circulating widely around the world and it will be some time before they disappear from circulation.<ref name="CMIIntegrity"/>
 
Creationist astronomer [[Hugh Ross (creationist)|Hugh Ross]], of ''Reasons To Believe'', debated Hovind on the [[age of the Earth]] during the [[John Ankerberg|John Ankerberg Show]], televised nationally on the [[Inspiration Network]] in September through October 2000.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/hovind_fractured_fairy_tales.htm | title=Dr. Dino's "Fractured Fairy Tales of Science" |publisher=[[No Answers in Genesis]] | year=2000 | first=Karen | last=Bartelt | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reasons.org/videos/the-john-ankerberg-debate-young-earth-vs.-old-earth-introduction | title=The John Ankerberg Debate: Young-Earth vs. Old-Earth | publisher=[[Reasons To Believe]] |year= 2011 | accessdate =2012-09-17}}</ref> Ross said Hovind was "misrepresenting the field" of different sciences,<ref>[http://creation.com/rosshovind-debate-john-ankerberg-show-october-2000-analysis-by-jonathan-sarfati Ross–Hovind Debate, John Ankerberg Show, October 2000], [[Creation Ministries International]]</ref> and Ross told Hovind: "Astronomers view the credibility of the 'Young Earth' as being much weaker than that for a [[flat Earth]]."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/_PDFArchives/science/SC3W0601.pdf | title=Are the Universe and the Earth Billions of Years Oldor Just Thousands of Years Old | publisher=[[John Ankerberg]] |year= 2000 | accessdate =2007-05-17|format=PDF}}</ref> Hovind and Ross previously debated in July 1999 on the Steve Brown Show.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reasons.org/resources/multimedia/interview/ | title=Radio Interviews and Lectures | publisher= [[Reasons To Believe]] |year= 2000 | first= | last= | accessdate=2000-09-04 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20010223165516/http://www.reasons.org/resources/multimedia/interview/ | archivedate= 2001-02-23}}</ref>