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Baris 3: '''Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley''' ([[23 November]] [[1887]]-[[10 Agustus]] [[1915]]) ialah [[fisika]]wan [[Inggris]]. Sumbangan utamanya pada sains ialah pembenaran konsep [[nomor atom]], [[kimia]] lanjutan. == Biografi == The British physicist, Henry Moseley is known for his establishment of truly scientific basis of the Periodic Table of the Elements by sorting chemical elements in the order of their atomic numbers. In his short career, he contributed a lot towards the science of physics through his research. Many scientists believe that if Moseley had survived a bit longer he would have contributed a great deal to the knowledge of atomic structure and also earned the Nobel Prize in Physics. Moseley dilahirkan di [[Weymouth]], Inggris, 1887. Pada [[1906]] ia memasuki [[Trinity College, Oxford\|Trinity College]] [[Universitas Oxford]], dan selulusnya dari sana melanjutkan ke [[Universitas Manchester]] untuk bekerja dengan [[Ernest Rutherford]]. Selama tahun-tahun pertamanya di Manchester, ia memiliki jam mengajar penuh, namun setelah setahun ia dibebaskan dari tugas mengajar dan memulai riset penuh. Pada [[1913]], dengan menggunakan [[spektrum elektromagnetik\|spektrum]] [[sinar-X]] yang diperoleh dari [[difraksi]] dalam [[kristal]], ia menemukan hubungan sistematis antara [[panjang gelombang]] dan [[nomor atom]], [[hukum Moseley]]. Sebelumnya, nomor atom telah dipikirkan sebagai nomor yang berubah-ubah, berdasar pada urutan [[berat atom]], namun bisa berubah bila perlu (sebagai contoh, oleh [[Dmitri Mendeleyev]]) untuk menaruh [[unsur kimia\|unsur]] di tempat yang semestinya pada [[tabel periodik]]. Penemuan Moseley menunjukkan bahwa nomor atom itu tetap namun memiliki dasar yang bisa diukur melalui eksperimen. Di samping itu, Moseley menunjukkan bahwa ada pemisah dalam urutan pada nomor 43, 61 dan 75 (kini diketahui bersifat radioaktif, tidak terjadi secara alamiah, berturut-turut [[teknesium]] dan [[prometium]], dan unsur [[rhenium]] yang terjadi secara alamiah dan ditemukan belakangan last). Sebelumnya [[Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev]] telah memperkirakan [[teknesium]], dan [[Bohuslav Brauner]] telah memprediksikan prometium; Moseley menyatakan prediksi mereka, memprediksikan sebuah unsur lain yang tak ditemukan, dan menyatakan tidak ada pemisah lain pada tabel periodik antara aluminum dan emas. Pada [[1914]] ia berhenti di Manchester untuk kembali ke Oxford untuk meneruskan penelitiannya, namun saat PD I pecah, ia banting setir pekerjaan dengan menawarkan dan mendaftarkan diri pada [[Royal Engineers]]. Ia berperang di [[Pertempuran Gallipoli\|Gallipoli]], di mana ia terbunuh oleh seorang sniper pada 1915. Banyak orang yang telah berspekulasi bahwa ia bisa memenangkan Haidh Nobel, namun tidak bisa karena Hadiah Nobel hanya bisa diberikan pada orang yang masih hidup. ~~Early Life:~~ Ia tewas dalam usia 27 tahun, Moseley bisa menyumbang banyak pada pengetahuan struktur atom jika ia masih hidup. Seperti yang pernah dikatakan Niels Bohr pada 1962, "Sesungguhnya Anda melihat karya Rutherford [atom nuklir] tidak digunakan sungguh-sungguh. Kita tidak dapat mengerti hari ini, namun karya Rutherford tidak digunakan sungguh-sungguh. Tidak ada sebutannya di manapun. Perubahan besar berasal dari Moseley." Ada spekulasi karena kematian Moseley dalam peranglah tak lama kemudian pemerintahan Inggris melarang ilmuwannya mendaftarkan diri ke militer. Henry was born in Weymouth, Dorset, on the southwestern coast of England on November 23, 1887. He belonged to a rich, aristocratic, and scientifically accomplished family. Henry Nottidge Moseley, his father was a biologist and also a professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Oxford. Henry’s mother, Amabel Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley was the daughter of the biologist and conchologist John Gwyn Jeffreys. It was not a surprise when Henry showed his interest in zoology. Moseley was always a very bright student. He received a King’s scholarship to attend Eton College where he excelled in mathematics, and was introduced to the study of x rays by his physics teacher. In 1910, he graduated from Trinity College of the University of Oxford after which he earned a position in the laboratory of Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester under the supervision of professors such as Sir Ernest Rutherford. ~~Contributions and Achievements:~~ In 1913, while working at the University of Manchester, Moseley observed and measured the X-ray spectra of various chemical elements obtained by diffraction in crystals. Through this he discovered a systematic relation between wavelength and atomic number. This discovery is now known as the Moseley’s law. Before his finding, atomic numbers had been thought of as an arbitrary number, based on sequence of atomic weights. Moseley also predicted a number of missing elements and their periodic numbers in the Periodic Table. His method in early X-ray crystallography was able to sort out many chemical problems promptly, some of which had confused chemists for a number of years. Both the apparent irregularities in the location of elements such as argon and potassium and the positioning of the rare earth (inner transition) elements in the periodic table could now be elucidated on the basis of atomic number. Moseley is also known for the development of of early X-ray spectrometry equipment which he learnt to design with the help of William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg at the University of Leeds. This device basically consisted of glass-bulb electron tube in which the ionization of electrons caused the emission of X-rays photons finally resulting in photographic lines. ~~Later Life:~~ In 1914, Henry Mosely planned to continue his physics reasearch at Oxford so he resigned from his position at Manchester. His plans were never materialised because when the first World War broke out he decided to enlist in the British Army. On August 10, 1915 he was shot dead during the Battle of Gallipoli, in Turkey. ~~This great physicist died very young at the age of twenty-seven but his contribution to the scientific world will never be forgotten.~~ == Bacaan lanjut ==

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