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Baris 95 ⟶ 94:
Monako adalah sebuah [[kepangeranan]] yang diatur dalam [[monarki konstitusional]], dengan [[Albert II, Pangeran Monako|Pangeran Albert II]] sebagai [[kepala negara]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |title=Monaco |publisher=State.gov |date=16 November 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Meskipun Pangeran Albert II adalah raja konstitutional, ia masih punya [[kekuatan politik]] yang sangat besar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nice-city-vacation.com/monaco-politics.html |title=Monaco Politics - the unusual political system of Monaco |publisher=Nice-city-vacation.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> [[Rumah Grimaldi]] telah memerintah Monako, dengan interupsi singkat, sejak 1297.<ref>Faktanya [[François Grimaldi|Francesco Grimaldi]], yang menangkap [[Monaco-Ville|the Rock]] pada malam 8 Januari 1297, terpaksa melarikan diri Monako hanya empat tahun setelah serangan yang dibuat-buat, tidak pernah kembali. Grimaldi tidak dapat secara permanen mengamankan pegangan mereka sampai 1419 ketika mereka membeli Monako, bersama dengan dua desa tetangganya, [[Menton]] dan [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]]. Source: {{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Anne|authorlink=Anne Edwards|title=The Grimaldis of Monaco: The Centuries of Scandal - The Years of Grace|year=1992|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company|William Morrow]]|location=|isbn=978-0-688-08837-8}}</ref> Bahasa resminya adalah [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]], tetapi [[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]], [[Bahasa Italia|Italia]], dan [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] banyak dituturkan dan dimengerti secara luas.<ref group="note">Informasi lebih lanjut lihat [[Bahasa di Monako]].</ref> Kedaulatan negara secara resmi diakui dalam [[Perjanjian Franco-Monegasque|Perjanjian Franco-Monegasque (1861)]], dengan Monako menjadi anggota voting penuh [[PBB]] pada tahun 1993, setelah banyak perdebatan politik.<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Meskipun kemerdekaan Monaco dan kebijakan luar negeri yang terpisah, pertahanan adalah tanggung jawab Perancis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/monaco/monaco_military.html |title=Monaco Military 2012, CIA World Factbook |publisher=Theodora.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, Monako tetap mempertahakan dua [[Militer Monako|unit militer]], berjumlah 263 orang, ''[[Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers]]'', dan ''[[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCorps%2Bdes%2BSapeurs-Pompiers%2Bde%2BMonaco%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D704%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&twu=1&u=http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr%3FOpenDocument%261Fr&usg=ALkJrhiSwXsfeQd4XJtu3ZRxoWKYc7FKdg |title=Google Translate |publisher=Translate.googleusercontent.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Compagnie-des-Carabiniers-du-Prince |title=Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince / Département de l'Intérieur / Le Gouvernement / Gouvernement et Institutions / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Gouv.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
 
Pembangunan ekonomi Monako didorong pada akhir abad ke-19 dengan [[Transportasi rel|kereta api]] menuju Perancis, dan pembukaan kasino pertama, [[Kasino Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qfinance.com/country-profiles/monaco |title=Monaco - Economy and Trade of Monaco |publisher=Qfinance |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Sejak itu, iklim yang nyaman, pemandangan yang indah, dan fasilitas perjudian telah membuat Monako terkenal di dunia sebagai [[Tujuan wisata|wisata]], dan [[Rekreasi|pusat rekreasi]] untuk orang kaya dan terkenal.<ref name="visitmonaco"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/economy |title=Monaco: Economy >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge |publisher=Globaledge.msu.edu |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir Monako telah menjadi [[pusat perbankan]] utama yang memegang lebih dari dana senilai [[Euro|€]]100 miliar,<ref>{{cite web| author=Robert BOUHNIK |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/607f54a31a14184fc1256a130075eb71gb?OpenDocument&6Gb |title=Home > Files and Reports > Economy(Gb) |publisher=Cloud.gouv.mc |date=19 December 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> dan telah berhasil berupaya untuk mendiversifikasi ekonominya ke [[Sektor jasa|Layanan]] dan kecil, [[produk bernilai tinggi|nilai tambah tinggi]], dan industri non-polusi.<ref name="theodora">{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/monaco/monaco_economy.html |title=Monaco Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook |publisher=Theodora.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The state has no [[income tax]], [[Tax rates around the world|low business taxes]], and is well known for being a [[tax haven]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowtax.net/lowtax/html/jmccfir.html |title=Monaco Country and Foreign Investment Regime |publisher=Lowtax.net |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita|GDP nominal per kapita]] tertinggi di dunia, [[$]] 153.177,<ref name="unsd"/> [[Daftar negara menurut GDP (PPP) per kapita|GDP PPP per kapita]] at [[$US|$]]132.571,<ref name="unsd"/> and [[List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita|GNI per capita]] at [[$US|$]]183,150.<ref>http://databank.worldbank.org/databank/download/GNIPC.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://monacodc.org/economy.html |title=Business And Economy |publisher=Monacodc.org |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Om |url=http://mostwonderfulworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/top-ten-richest-countrfy-in-world-by-gdp.html |title=Most Wonderful World: Top Ten Richest Country in the World by GDP |publisher=Mostwonderfulworld.blogspot.com |date=9 February 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}{{dead link|date=May 2012}}</ref> Monaco also has the world's highest [[List of countries by life expectancy|life expectancy]] at nearly 90 years,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA World Factbook, Monaco |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> and the lowest [[List of countries by unemployment rate|unemployment rate]] at 0%,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.html |title=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> with over 48,000 workers who commute from France and Italy each day.<ref name="Recensement"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unroleapartdanslemonde.mc/#/emplois/ |title=Monaco : un rôle à part dans le monde / Monaco à l'International / Action Gouvernementale / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Unroleapartdanslemonde.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref> For the fourth year in a row, Monaco in 2012 had the world's most expensive real estate market, at [[$US|$]]58,300 per square metre.<ref>{{cite web| author=Katya Wachtel |url=https://www.privatebank.citibank.com/pdf/wealthReport2012_lowRes.pdf |title=The Wealth Report 2012|publisher=Citi Private Bank |date=March 28, 2012 |accessdate=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Robert Frank |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2012/03/28/the-most-expensive-real-estate-in-the-world/ |title=The Most Expensive Real-Estate in the World |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=March 28, 2012 |accessdate=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Julie Zeveloff |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/most-expensive-real-estate-markets-2013-3|title=
Here Are The World's Most Expensive Real Estate Markets|publisher=Business Insider|date=March 7, 2013|accessdate=March 7, 2013}}</ref> According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], Monaco has the world's [[List of countries by poverty|lowest poverty rate]],<ref name="theodora"/> and the highest number of millionaires and billionaires per capita in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alleyne |first=Richard |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1565068/Prince-Albert-We-want-more-for-Monaco.html |title=Prince Albert: We want more for Monaco |publisher=Telegraph |date=4 October 2007 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="dailymail1">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1132957/Piers-Morgans-Monte-The-tax-haven-jewels-real-orgasms-fake.html |title=Piers Morgan's full Monte! The tax haven where the jewels are real and the orgasms are fake &#124; Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=31 January 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref>
 
== Sejarah ==
Baris 109 ⟶ 107:
Setelah penghibahan tanah dari Kaisar [[Henry VI, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Henry VI]] pada 1191, Monako didirikan kembali pada tahun 1215 sebagai koloni [[Republik Genoa|Genoa]].<ref name="state1">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |title=Monaco |publisher=State.gov |date=16 November 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monacolife.net/?content=articles&action=show&id=28 |title=Monaco Life |publisher=Monaco Life |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco pertama kali diperintah oleh [[Rumah Grimaldi]] pada tahun 1297, ketika [[François Grimaldi|Francesco Grimaldi]], yang dikenal sebagai "''Il Malizia''" (diterjemahkan dari bahasa Italia baik sebagai "si berbahaya" atau "si licik"), dan anak buahnya menangkap benteng melindungi [[Batu Monako]] dan berpakaian sebagai [[biarawan]] [[Fransiskan]]- sebuah '' Monako'' dalam bahasa Italia, meskipun ini adalah kebetulan karena daerah tersebut sudah dikenal dengan nama ini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/History |title=Monaco history |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Francesco, however, was evicted only a few years afterwards by the Genovese forces, and the struggle over "the Rock" continued for another century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/monaco.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Historyofnations.net |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.montecarlosbm.com/sejour-luxe-monaco/monte-carlo/histoire/ |title=Histoire de Monaco, famille Grimaldi &#124; Monte-Carlo SBM |publisher=Fr.montecarlosbm.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Pada 1419, Grimaldi membeli Monako dari mahkota Aragon dan menjadi penguasa resmi dan tak terbantahkan dari "Batu Monako", dan pada tahun 1612 Honore II mulai menggelari dirinya sebagai "Pangeran" dari Monako.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/ |title=Monaco - The Principality of Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> In the 1630s, Honore II sought French protection against the Spanish forces and was eventually, in 1642, received at the court of Louis XIII as "Duc et Pair Etranger".<ref name="monacoangebote.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.monacoangebote.de/index.php?q=en/history |title=The History Of Monaco &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monacoangebote.de |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The princes of Monaco thus became vassals of the French kings while at the same time remaining sovereign princes.<ref>with the title Duc de Valentinois and other lesser French titles, most of which the House of Grimaldi still lays claim to,</ref> As successive princes and their families spent most of their lives in Paris, and through marriages with French nobilities, the House of Grimaldi, though Italian in origin, became thoroughly French in character.<ref name="monaco.alloexpat.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco.alloexpat.com/monaco_information/history_of_monaco.php |title=Monaco History, History of Monaco - Allo' Expat Monaco |publisher=Monaco.alloexpat.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The principality continued its existence as a protectorate of France until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.monaco.mc/monaco/info/history1.html |title=Monaco: History |publisher=.monaco.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Pada 1793, Revolutionary forces captured Monaco and it remained under direct French control until 1814, when the Grimaldis returned to the throne.<ref name="monacoangebote.de"/> The principality was reestablished that year, only to be designated a protectorate of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] by the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlo.mc/en/general/important-dates/ |title=Important dates - Monaco Monte-Carlo |publisher=Monte-carlo.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco remained in this position until 1860 when, by the [[Treaty of Turin]], the Sardinian forces pulled out of the principality and the surrounding county of [[Nice]] (as well as [[Savoy]]) was ceded to France.<ref name="infoplease1">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859729.html |title=24 X 7 |publisher=Infoplease.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco became a French protectorate once again. Prior to this time there was unrest in [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]] where the townspeople had become weary of heavy taxation by the Grimaldis. They declared their independence, hoping for annexation by Sardinia, France protested. The unrest continued until [[Charles III of Monaco|Charles III]] gave up his claim to the two mainland towns, (some 95% of the principality at the time) which had been ruled by the Grimaldis for over 500 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accesspropertiesmonaco.com/en/histoire |title=History of the Principality of Monaco - Access Properties Monaco - Real-estate Agency Monaco |publisher=Access Properties Monaco |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> These were ceded to France in return for 4,100,000 francs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monacodc.org/monhistory.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Monacodc.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The transfer and Monaco's sovereignty was recognized by the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty|Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861]]. In 1869, the principality stopped collecting income tax from its residents—an indulgence the Grimaldis could afford to entertain thanks solely to the extraordinary success of the casino.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/principaute-monaco-monte-carlo/ |title=Histoire de la Principauté - Monaco - Mairie de Monaco - Ma ville au quotidien - Site officiel de la Mairie de Monaco |publisher=Monaco-mairie.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> This made Monaco not only a playground for the rich, but a favoured place for them to live.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/monaco.htm |title=MONACO |publisher=Tlfq.ulaval.ca |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Abad ke-20 ===
[[File:The Prince of Monaco in 2013.jpg|220px|thumb|upright|[[Albert II, Pangeran Monako]].]]
 
Hingga [[Revolusi Monegasque]] of 1910 forced the adoption of the 1911 constitution, the [[List of rulers of Monaco|princes of Monaco]] were [[Absolute monarchy|absolute rulers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2530539.stm |title=Monaco timeline |publisher=BBC News |date=28 March 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The new constitution, however, barely reduced the autocratic rule of the Grimaldis and in any case Albert I soon suspended it.
 
During [[World War]] Monaco was officially neutral. Despite this by declaration, hospitals and convalescent home were established for Allied soldiers in the principality’s hotels. French crew of Hirondelle II(prince yacht) had to respond to the mobilization order, ship at sea was set on a direct course to Monaco. Prince Louis returned to active duty in the French Army as Captain of Cavalry in the 5th Army(under General Franchet d’Esperey). Prince Albert in August 1914 suspended the constitution to allow rule by decree. On 17 November 1917, under pressure from French press and more confidency of Allied victory constitution was reinstituted. In fact there was no directly known war operations in Monaco, with the notable events like The Monte Carlo Opera presenting the premier performance of Giacomo Puccini’s romantic opera La Rondine.<ref>http://www.schudak.de/timelines/monaco1856-1949.html</ref>
 
In July 1918, the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty]] was signed, providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, endorsed in 1919 by the [[Treaty of Versailles]], established that Monegasque international policy would be aligned with French political, military, and economic interests, and resolved the [[Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918|Monaco Succession Crisis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Monaco-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-AND-TAXATION.html |title=Monaco Politics, government, and taxation, Information about Politics, government, and taxation in Monaco |publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
In 1943, the Italian army invaded and occupied Monaco, setting up a Fascist administration.<ref name="monaco.alloexpat.com"/> Shortly thereafter, following the collapse of Mussolini, the German [[Wehrmacht]] occupied Monaco and the [[Nazism|Nazi]] deportation of the Jewish population began. [[René Blum (ballet)|René Blum]] (Paris, 13 March 1878&nbsp;– [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], 30 April 1943), the prominent French Jew who founded the Ballet de l'Opera in Monte Carlo, was arrested in his [[Paris]] home and held in the [[Drancy internment camp|Drancy]] deportation camp outside Paris, thence he was then transported to the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], where he was later killed.<ref>Abramovici P. "[http://www.amazon.com/rocher-bien-occupé-pendant-1939-1945/dp/2020372118 Un rocher bien occupé : Monaco pendant la guerre 1939–1945]" Editions Seuil, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-02-037211-8</ref> Blum's colleague [[Raoul Gunsbourg]], the director of the [[Opéra de Monte-Carlo]], helped by the [[French Resistance]], escaped arrest and fled to [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tmeheust.free.fr/monacohistoire2.html |title=Monaco histoire |publisher=Tmeheust.free.fr |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
[[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III]], who ruled until 2005, succeeded to the throne following the death of his grandfather, Prince [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II]], in 1949. On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress [[Grace Kelly]]; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/monaco.htm |title=Monaco - Principality of Monaco - Principauté de Monaco - French Riviera Travel and Tourism |publisher=Nationsonline.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
A 1962 amendment to the constitution abolished capital punishment, provided for [[women's suffrage]], and established a [[Supreme Court of Monaco]] to guarantee fundamental liberties. In 1993, the Principality of Monaco became a member of the [[United Nations]], with full voting rights.<ref name="infoplease1"/> In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco specified that, should there be no heirs to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty, the principality would still remain an independent nation rather than revert to France. Monaco's military defence, however, is still the responsibility of France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europe-cities.com/en/657/monaco/history/chronology/ |title=History of Monaco. Monaco chronology |publisher=Europe-cities.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
On 31 March 2005, Prince Rainier III, too ill to exercise his duties, relinquished them to his only son and heir, Prince Albert II.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yourmonaco.com/royal |title=Monaco Royal Family |publisher=Yourmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Prince Rainier died on 6 April 2005 after a reign of 56 years. His son Prince Albert II succeeded him and was thereafter titled [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]], [[Sovereign Prince of Monaco]].<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597460/bio Prince Rainier of Monaco - Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on 12 July 2005,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/h.s.h.-prince-albert-ii/biography/biography.391.html |title=Biography - Prince’s Palace of Monaco |publisher=Palais.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> in a celebration that began with a solemn [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] at [[Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Monaco|Saint Nicholas Cathedral]], where his father had been buried three months earlier. His accession to the Monegasque throne was a two-step event, with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate ''Levée'', held on 18 November 2005, at the historic [[Prince's Palace of Monaco|Prince's Palace]] in [[Monaco-Ville]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montecarlosbm.com/luxury-trip-monaco/visit-monaco/monaco-history/ |title=History of Monaco, Grimaldi family |publisher=Monte-Carlo SBM |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
== Pemerintahan ==
{{Main|Politik Monako}}
Baris 224 ⟶ 202:
Monako adalah sebuah [[negara-kota]] yang berdaulat, dengan 5 ''quartier'' dan 10 ''ward'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco/monaco-districts/ |title=Monaco Districts &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> terletak di [[Côte d'Azur]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Berbatasan dengan [[Perancis]] di tiga sisi, dan satu sisi berbatasan dengan [[Laut Tengah]], pusatnya adalah sekitar {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} dari [[Italia]], dan hanya {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} dari timur laut [[Nice|Nice, Perancis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.howstuffworks.com/europe/geography-of-monaco.htm |title=HowStuffWorks "Geography of Monaco" |publisher=Geography.howstuffworks.com |date=30 March 2008 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monako mempunyai luas wilayah {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}},<ref name="Recensement"/> dan populasi sebesar 36,371,<ref name="imsee.mc"/> dan membuat Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara kedua terkecil]], dan [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|paling padat penduduk di dunia]]. Monako mempunyai perbatasan darat hanya {{convert|4.4|km|abbr=on}}, dan garis pantai {{convert|4.1|km|abbr=on}}, dan lebar yang bervariasi antara {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}, dan 349 meter (382 yard).
 
Titik tertinggi dari negara ini adalah jalur sempit yang bernama [[Chemin des Révoires]] di lereng gunung [[Mont Agel]], di distrik [[Les Révoires]], yang tingginya 161 meter (528&nbsp;feet) [[di bawah permukaan laut]]. <ref name="archeoalpimaritimi"/> Titik terendah dari negara ini adalah [[Laut Tengah]] yang berada di [[permukaan laut]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/monaco |title=Monaco: City Guide, weather and facts galore from |publisher=Answers.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/highlow.htm |title=Highest and lowest points in countries islands oceans of the world |publisher=Worldatlas.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> [[Saint-Jean brook|Saint-Jean]] is the longest flowing body of water, around {{convert|0.19|km|mi|abbr=in}} in length, and [[Fontvieille lake|Fontvieille]] is the largest lake, approximately {{convert|0.5|ha|acre|2|abbr=on}} in size.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&cp=5&gs_id=28&xhr=t&q=monaco&safe=off&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&biw=1366&bih=704&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl |title=Monaco |publisher=Google Maps|date=|accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Monaco's most populated ''Quartier'' is [[Monte Carlo]], and the most populated ''Ward'' is [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]].<ref name="Recensement"/> After a recent expansion of [[Port Hercules]],<ref name="Extension"/> Monaco's total area grew to {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}} or 202 ha (499 acres),<ref name="Recensement"/> consequently, new plans have been approved to extend the district of [[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]], with land [[Reclaimed land|reclaimed]] from the Mediterranean Sea.<ref name="telegraph"/><ref name="OpenDoc"/> There are two [[port]]s in Monaco, [[Port Hercules|Hercules]] and [[Port Fontvieille|Fontvieille]], as well as the neighboring French port of [[Cap d'Ail]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ports-monaco.com/lang-en.html |title=Presentation |publisher=Ports-monaco.com |date=1 January 2006 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monaco's only [[natural resource]] is [[fishing]];<ref>{{cite web| author= |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyIYViMSlOE |title=Prince Albert of Monaco interview on fishing issues |publisher=YouTube |date=30 June 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> with almost the entire country being an [[urban area]], Monaco lacks any sort of commercial [[agriculture|agriculture industry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/monacomaps/a/monacogeography.htm |title=Geography of Monaco - Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco |publisher=Geography.about.com |date=9 May 1949 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Iklim ===
Monaco has a warm-summer [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Csa), which is influenced by the [[oceanic climate]] and the [[humid subtropical climate]]. As a result, it has warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/monaco/weather-climate-geography |title=Monaco weather, climate and geography |publisher=Worldtravelguide.net |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Cool and rainy interludes can interrupt the dry summer season, the average length of which is also shorter. Summer afternoons are infrequently hot (indeed, temperatures > {{convert|30|°C|°F|disp=or}} are rare) as the atmosphere is temperate because of constant sea breezes. On the other hand, the nights are very mild, due to the fairly high temperature of the sea in summer. Generally, temperatures do not drop below {{convert|20|°C}} in this season. In the winter, frosts and snowfalls are extremely rare and generally occur once or twice every ten years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montecarlodailyphoto.com/2009/12/snow-in-casino-square.html |title=Snow in Casino Square! |publisher=Monte Carlo Daily Photo |date=19 December 2009 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/Weather |title=Monaco - Weather / About Monaco / Monaco Official Site |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
 
{{Weather box
|location = Monaco
Baris 322 ⟶ 297:
Monako mempertahankan [[monopoli]] di berbagai sektor, termasuk tembakau dan layanan pos. Jaringan telepon ([[Monako Telecom]]) digunakan untuk dimiliki sepenuhnya oleh negara; sekarang hanya memiliki 45%, sedangkan 55% sisanya dimiliki oleh [[Cable & Wireless Communications]] (49%) dan [[Compagnie Monégasque de Banque]] (6%). Hal ini masih, bagaimanapun, monopoli. Standar hidup di Monako tinggi, kira-kira sebanding dengan di wilayah metropolitan Perancis. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Monaco bukanlah anggota dari [[Uni Eropa]].
Monaco bukanlah anggota dari [[Uni Eropa]]. Meskipun demikian, it is very closely linked via a customs union with France, and as such, its currency is the same as that of France, the [[euro]]. Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the [[Monegasque franc]]. Monaco has acquired the right to mint [[euro coins]] with [[Monegasque euro coins|Monegasque designs]] on its national side.
 
=== Industri perjudian ===
[[File:monaco casino 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Kasino Monte Carlo]]]]
The plan for casino gambling was mooted during the reign of [[Florestan I, Prince of Monaco|Florestan I]] in 1846. Under Louis-Philippe's [[Petite bourgeoisie|petite-bourgeois]] regime, however, a dignitary such as a [[Prince of Monaco]] was not allowed to operate a gambling house.<ref name="state1"/> All this changed in the dissolute [[Second French Empire]] under [[Napoleon III]]. The [[House of Grimaldi]] was in dire need to generate cash. [[Menton, France|Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]], which had been main source of income for the Grimaldis for centuries, now accustomed to much improved standard of living and lenient taxation thanks to Sardinian intervention, clamored for financial and political concession, even for separation. The Grimaldis hoped the newly legal industry would help alleviate the difficulties they faced, above all the crushing debt the family had incurred, but Monaco's first casino would not be ready to operate until after [[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Charles III]] assumed the throne in 1856.
 
The grantee of the princely concession (licence) was unable to attract enough business to sustain the operation and, after relocating the casino several times, sold the concession to French casino magnates [[François Blanc|François]] and [[Louis Blanc (businessman)|Louis Blanc]] for 1.7&nbsp;million francs. The Blancs had already set up a highly successful casino (in fact the biggest in Europe) in Bad-Homburg in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Homburg, a small German principality comparable to Monaco, and quickly petitioned Charles III to rename a depressed seaside area known as "Les Spelegures (Den of Thieves)" to "Monte Carlo (Mount Charles)."<ref name="Craps">{{cite web |url=http://www.crapsdicecontrol.com/monte_carlo.htm|title=History of Monte Carlo Casino|publisher=Craps Dice Control|accessdate=28 April 2012}}</ref> They then constructed their casino in the newly dubbed "Monte Carlo" and cleared out the area's less-than-savory elements to make the neighborhood surrounding the establishment more conducive to tourism.
 
The Blancs opened [[Le Grand Casino de Monte Carlo]] in 1858, and the casino benefited from the tourist traffic the newly built French railway system created.<ref>[http://www.iptv.org/series.cfm/9038/rick_steves_europe/ep:504 Rick Steves' Europe: Little Europe: San Marino, Monaco, Vatican City, Liechtenstein, and Andorra » TV Programs on Iowa Public Television<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Due to the combination of the casino and the railroads, Monaco finally recovered from the previous half century of economic slump, and the principality's success attracted other businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ricksteves.com/tvr/littleeurope504_scr.htm |title=Rick Steves Europe:Little Europe: Five Microcountries |publisher=Ricksteves.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> In the years following the casino's opening Monaco founded its [[Oceanographic Museum]] and the [[Monte Carlo Opera House]], 46 hotels sprang up and the number of jewelers operating in Monaco increased by nearly 500 percent. By 1869, the casino was making such a vast sum of money that the principality could afford not to collect tax from the Monegasques; a master stroke that was to attract affluent residents from all over Europe.
 
Today, ''[[Société des bains de mer de Monaco]]'', which owns Le Grand Casino still operates in the original building the Blancs constructed, and has since been joined by several other casinos, including the [[Le Casino Café de Paris]], the [[Monte Carlo Sporting Club & Casino]], and the [[Sun Casino]]. The most recent addition in Monte Carlo, is the [[Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort|Monte Carlo Bay Casino]], which sits on 4 hectares of the Mediterranean Sea, and among other things, offers 145 slot machines, all equipped with "[[Ticket-In, Ticket-Out]]" (TITO); it is the first Mediterranean casino to use this technology.<ref name=Porter>{{citation | year=2006 | title=Frommer’s Provence and the Riviera (Fifth. ed.) | author=Porter, D. | author2=D. Prince | publisher=Wiley Publishing Inc.}}</ref>
 
=== Tax haven ===
Monaco levies no [[income tax]] on [[individual]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/globalbusiness/7243401/Monaco-might-not-charge-residents-income-tax-but-its-no-tax-haven.html |title=Monaco might not charge residents income tax, but it's no tax haven |publisher=Telegraph |date= 16 February 2010|accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref> The absence of a personal income tax in the principality has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy "tax refugee" residents from European countries who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco; [[Celebrity|celebrities]] such as [[Formula One]] drivers attract most of the attention, but the vast majority of them are less well-known business people.<ref name="dailymail1"/><ref>{{cite news|author=David Leigh |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/jul/10/frontpagenews.uknews |title=The tax haven that today's super rich City commuters call home &#124; Business |publisher=The Guardian |date= 10 July 2006|accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref> This applies to all residents of Monaco of any nationality except French citizens whose residency started after 1957. These French citizens still must pay French income tax.
 
In 1998, the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) issued a first report on the consequences of the [[tax haven]]s' financial systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.escapeartist.com/OREQ24/Offshore_Tax_Havens.html |title=Obscure Tax Havens |publisher=Escapeartist.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco did not appear in the list of these territories until 2004, when OECD became indignant regarding the Monegasque situation and denounced it in its last report, as well as [[Andorra]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Liberia]] and the [[Marshall Islands]], underlining its lack of co-operation regarding financial information disclosure and availability.<ref>''Declaration of 18 April 2004, by the representative of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Gabriel Makhlouf regarding the list of alleged [[tax haven]]s non-cooperatives countries comparable''</ref><ref>''Stage Report 2004: Project of [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] on the detrimental tax practices, [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], Paris, 2004''</ref>
 
In 2000, a report by the [[National Assembly of France|French parliamentarians]], [[Arnaud Montebourg]] and [[Vincent Peillon]], alleged that Monaco had lax policies with respect to money laundering, including within its famed casino, and that the government of Monaco had been placing political pressure on the judiciary, so that alleged crimes were not being properly investigated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/11/rap-info/i2311-2.asp |title=Assemblee-Nationale report |publisher=Assemblee-nationale.fr |date=27 July 1987 |accessdate=28 August 2010}}</ref>
 
In 2000, the [[Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering]] (FATF) stated: "The anti-money laundering system in Monaco is comprehensive. However, difficulties have been encountered with Monaco by countries in international investigations on serious crimes that appear to be linked also with tax matters. In addition, the FIU of Monaco (SICCFIN) suffers a great lack of adequate resources. The authorities of Monaco have stated that they will provide additional resources to SICCFIN."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/56/43/33921824.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110726051252/http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/56/43/33921824.pdf|archivedate=26 July 2011|title=Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures |publisher=Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering|date=22 June 2000|location=Paris|page=8|accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> The Principality is no longer blamed in the 2005 FATF report, as well as all other territories.<ref>''Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, [[Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering|FATF]], Paris, 2005''</ref><ref>''Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, FATF, Paris, 2006''</ref> However, since 2003, the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) has identified Monaco, along with 36 other territories, as a [[tax haven]].<ref>''Financial Centres with Significant Offshore Activities in Offshore Financial Centres. The Assessment Program. A Progress Report Supplementary Information, IMF, Washington, 2005''</ref>
 
The [[Council of Europe]] also decided to issue reports naming tax havens. Twenty-two territories, including Monaco, were thus evaluated between 1998 and 2000 on a first round. Monaco is the only territory that refuses to perform the second round, initially forecast between 2001 and 2003, whereas the 21 other territories are implementing the third and last round, planned between 2005 and 2007.<ref>''First Mutual Evaluation Report on the Principality of Monaco, Moneyval, Strasbourg, 2003''</ref>
 
However, Monaco has high social insurance taxes payable by both employer and employee. The employer's contribution is between 28%–40% (averaging 35%) of gross salary including benefits and the employee pays a further 10%–14% (averaging 13%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowtax.net/lowtax/html/jmcpetx.html|title=Monaco Personal Taxation | accessdate=28 May 2010}}</ref>
 
== Mata uang ==
{{Main|Koin Euro Monegasque|Koin peringatan euro emas dan perak (Monako)}}
 
In Monaco, the euro was introduced in 2002, having been preceded by the [[Monegasque franc]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurocoins.co.uk/monaco.html |title=Monaco Euro Coins |publisher=Eurocoins.co.uk |date=1 January 2002 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> In preparation for this date, the minting of the new euro coins started as early as 2001. Like Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain, Monaco decided to put the minting date on its coins. This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the [[Eurozone]] that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.int/euro/coins/html/mo.en.html |title=ECB: Monaco |publisher=Ecb.int |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco-coins/ |title=Monaco Coins &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date=1 January 2002 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Three different designs were selected for the Monegasque coins.<ref name="visitmonaco1">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/en/Places-to-visit/Museums/The-Museum-of-Stamps-and-Coins |title=Monaco - The Museum of Stamps and Coins / Museums / Places to visit / Official site of Monaco |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> However, In 2006, the design was changed after the death of ruling Prince Rainier to have the effigy of Prince Albert.<ref name="visitmonaco1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/monaco.html |title=Monagesque Gold Coins - Monaco |publisher=Taxfreegold.co.uk |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>
 
Monaco also has a rich and valuable collection of collectors' coins, with face value ranging from €5 to €100.<ref>{{cite web|author=Siam Internet Co., Ltd. |url=http://www.euro-coins.tv/monaco-euro-coins.php |title=Monaco Euro Coins - daily updated collectors value for every single coin - the online coin catalogue for numismatists |publisher=euro-coins.tv |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> These coins are a legacy of an old national practice of minting [[silver]] and [[gold]] commemorative coins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monacorarecoins.com/rare-gold-coins/ |title=Buy Gold Coins - Rare Gold Coins - Gold Coin Values - Rare Gold Coin Prices |publisher=Monacorarecoins.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.williamyoungerman.com/world_gold_coins/monaco_gold_coins.htm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090224123645/http://williamyoungerman.com/world_gold_coins/monaco_gold_coins.htm|archivedate=24 February 2009 |title=Monaco Gold Coins -World Gold Coins |publisher=Williamyoungerman.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Unlike normal issues, these coins are not legal tender in all the Eurozone. For instance, a Monegasque commemorative coin cannot be used in any other country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Europeweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Europe16.htm |title=Unique Facts About Europe: Euro |publisher=Sheppardsoftware.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The same practice concerning commemorative coins is exercised with all eurozone countries. Commemorative coins are legal tender only in their country of issue, unlike normal circulation coins, which are accepted in all euro-zone countries.
 
== Demografi ==
Baris 389 ⟶ 334:
==== Yahudi ====
Asosiasi ''Culturelle Israélite de Monaco'' (didirikan 1948) adalah rumah konversi yang berisi sebuah sinagoga, sebuah sekolah komunitas Ibrani, dan toko makanan [[Kashrut|halal]], yang terletak di Monte Carlo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mavensearch.com/synagogues/C3414Y41808RX |title=Synagogues in Monte Carlo - Shuls in Monte Carlo - Jewish Temples in Monte Carlo |publisher=Mavensearch.com |date=6 July 2007 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Komunitas ini (sekitar 1.000) terutama terdiri dari orang-orang pensiunan Yahudi dari Inggris (40%) dan [[Afrika Utara]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_jew-religion-jews |title=Jews statistics - countries compared |publisher=NationMaster |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Dua pertiga dari penduduk Yahudi adalah [[Yahudi Sephardi| Sephardi]], terutama dari [[Afrika Utara]], sementara sepertiga lainnya adalah [[Yahudi Ashkenazi|Ashkenazi]].<ref>Details at [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/monaco.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
 
== Olahraga dan hiburan ==
 
=== Formula Satu ===
[[File:Grand Prix Monaco96 131954710.jpg|thumb|Formasi balap untuk [[Monaco Grand Prix 1996]]]]
Since 1955, the [[Monaco Grand Prix]] has been held annually in the streets of Monaco.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.monaco-grand-prix-ticket.com/Monaco-Grand-Prix.aspx Monaco Grand Prix 2013<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> It is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. The erection of the ''[[Circuit de Monaco]]'' takes six weeks to complete, and the removal after the race takes another three weeks.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> The circuit has many elevation changes and tight corners, along with a tunnel. This together with being incredibly narrow and tight makes it perhaps the most demanding [[Formula One]] track.<ref>{{cite web|author=liam mcmurray,lesley kazan-pinfield |url=http://www.monaco-f1grandprix.com/course.html |title=Monaco Formula One Grand Prix |publisher=Monaco-f1grandprix.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Only two drivers have ever crashed into the harbour, the most famous being [[Alberto Ascari]] in the [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix]], just four days before losing his life at [[Monza]]. The other was [[Paul Hawkins (racing driver)|Paul Hawkins]], during the [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />
 
=== Reli Monte Carlo ===
The [[Monte Carlo Rally]] has been held since 1911, having originally been held at the behest of [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert I]], and is considered to be like the principality's Grand Prix, organised by the ''Automobile Club de Monaco''. It has long been considered to be one of the toughest and most prestigious events in [[rallying]], and from 1973 to 2008 was the opening round of the [[World Rally Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Federall |url=http://www.acm.mc/page-tab-histo.php?id_menu=5&id_sousmenu=27 |title=ACM - Automobile Club de Monaco |publisher=Acm.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> From 2009 until 2011, the rally served as the opening round of the [[Intercontinental Rally Challenge]], having most recently been run on the 19–22 January 2011 in celebration of the event's centenary.<ref>{{cite web|author=Motor Sport |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motorsport/8238574/Rallye-Monte-Carlo-Historique.html |title=Rallye Monte Carlo Historique |publisher=Telegraph |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
 
2012 marked the return of the Monte Carlo Rally to the WRC calendar with the event taking place from the 20–22 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrc.com/news/2012-world-rally-championship-events-announced/?fid=14515 |title=World Rally Championship - News - 2012 World Rally Championship events announced |publisher=wrc.com |date=27 April 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Sepak bola ===
Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality; men's football club [[AS Monaco FC]], and women's football club ''OS Monaco''. AS Monaco plays at the [[Stade Louis II]], and competes in [[Ligue 1]], the first division of [[French football]]. The club is historically one of the most successful clubs in France. However, it suffered relegation in the 2010–11 season. Because of the popular appeal of living in Monaco, and the lack of income tax, many international stars have played for the club, such as [[Marcelo Gallardo]], [[Jürgen Klinsmann]], [[Oliver Bierhoff]], [[George Weah]], [[John Collins (footballer born 1968)|John Collins]], [[Fernando Morientes]], [[Thierry Henry]], [[Fabien Barthez]], [[Rafael Márquez]], [[Javier Saviola]], [[Akis Zikos]], [[David Trezeguet]], [[John Arne Riise]], [[Patrice Evra]], [[Shabani Nonda]], [[Emmanuel Adebayor]], [[Eiður Guðjohnsen]], [[Jan Koller]], [[Victor Ikpeba]], [[Park Chu-Young]] and [[Mahamadou Diarra]].
 
The club reached the [[2004 UEFA Champions League Final]], led by the likes of [[Dado Pršo]], [[Fernando Morientes]], [[Jérôme Rothen]], [[Akis Zikos]], and [[Ludovic Giuly]], losing 3–0 to Portuguese team [[F.C. Porto]]. The Stade Louis II also plays host to the annual [[UEFA Super Cup]], which is played between the winners of the [[UEFA Champions League]] and the [[UEFA Europa League]]. The women's team, OS Monaco, competes in the women's [[French football league system]]. The club currently plays in the local regional league deep down in the league system, however once played in the [[Division 1 Féminine]] in the 1994–95 season, but were quickly relegated. Current [[France women's national football team|French women's international]] goalkeeper [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] had a short stint at the club before going to the [[Clairefontaine]] academy.
 
The [[Monaco national football team]] represents the nation in [[association football]], and is controlled by the Monegasque Football Federation, the governing body for [[football in Monaco]]. However, Monaco is the only sovereign state in Europe that is not a member of [[UEFA]], and so does not take part in any [[UEFA European Football Championship]] or [[FIFA World Cup]] competitions. The team play their home matches in the Stade Louis II.
 
=== Rugbi ===
{{Main|Rugbi di Monako}}
[[Monaco national rugby union team|Monaco's national rugby team]], as of March 2012, is 90th in the [[International Rugby Board]] rankings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html |title=International Rugby Board - World Rankings: Full world rankings |publisher=Irb.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Olahraga lainnya ===
[[File:MonacoView.jpg|thumb|Pemandangan Pelabuhan Hercules, [[La Condamine]], Monako]]
[[File:Monaco Monte Carlo 1.jpg|thumb|Pemandangan [[Monte Carlo]]]]
The [[Monte-Carlo Masters]] is currently held annually in neighbouring [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin]], France, as a professional tournament for men as part of tennis' [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000|ATP Masters Series]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlorolexmasters.com/About/Tournament-Fact-Sheet.aspx |title=Tennis - Tournament Fact Sheet |publisher=Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters |date=30 September 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The tournament has been held since 1897. Golf's [[Monte Carlo Open (golf)|Monte Carlo Open]] was also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club at Mont Agel in France between 1984 and 1992. Monaco has also [[Monaco at the Olympics|competed]] in the Olympic Games, although, as of 2012, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal.
 
In 2009, the ''[[Tour de France]]'', the world's premier bicycle race, started from Monaco with a 15&nbsp;km closed-circuit individual time trial starting and finishing there on the first day (4 July) and the 182&nbsp;km second leg starting there on the following day and ending in [[Brignoles]], France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.letour.com/2008/TDF/COURSE/us/grand_depart_2009.html |title=Tour de France 2008 - Grand start 2009 |publisher=Letour.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Monaco also stage part of the [[Global Champions Tour]] (International Show-jumping). Acknowledged as the most glamorous of the series, Monaco will be hosting the world's most celebrated riders, including Monaco's own [[Charlotte Casiraghi]], in a setting facing out over the world's most beautiful yachts, and framed by the Port Hercule and Prince's palace.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalchampionstour.com/events/2012/monte-carlo/ |title=Monte-Carlo |publisher=Global Champions Tour |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> In 2009, the Monaco stage of the Global Champions tour took place between 25–27 June.
 
The [[Monaco Marathon]] is the only marathon in the world to pass through three separate countries, those of Monaco, France and Italy. The 2010 event took place on 21 March. Runners complete the race by returning to the [[Stade Louis II]].
 
The Monaco Ironman 70.3 triathlon race is an annual event with over 1000 athletes competing and attracts top professional athletes from around the world. The race includes a 1.9&nbsp;km swim, 90&nbsp;km bike ride and 21.1&nbsp;km run.
 
Since 1993, the headquarters of the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/aboutiaaf/headquarter/index.html |title=Headquarters |publisher=iaaf.org |date=10 June 1994 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> the world governing body of [[athletics (sport)|athletics]], is located in Monaco.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/aboutiaaf/index.html |title=Inside IAAF Intro |publisher=iaaf.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> An IAAF Diamond League meet is annually held at [[Stade Louis II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diamondleague-monaco.com/en/Home/ |title=Usain BOLT and Yelena ISINBAEVA for Herculis |publisher=Diamondleague-monaco.com |date=30 April 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
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